CH#6.Routing Protocols

Routing protocols
ROUTERS: Routers are used to connect networks together and

route packets of data from one network to another providing the
best available path for transmission.
PROTOCOLS: Protocols are a set of rules that govern data

communication. It represents an agreement between the
communicating devices. Without a protocol, two devices may be
connected but not communicating
What is Routing Protocols?
Routing Protocols are the set of defined rules used by

the routers to communicate between source &
destination. They do not move the information from the
source to a destination, but only update the routing
table that contains the information.
Network Router protocols helps you to specify the way
routers communicate with each other. It allows the
network to select routes between any two nodes on a
computer
What is the purpose of Routing Protocols?
• Routing protocols are required for the following reasons:

• Allows optimal path selection
• Offers loop-free routing
• Fast convergence
• Minimize update traffic
• Easy to configure
• Adapts to changes
• Scales to a large size
• Compatible with existing hosts and routers
• Supports variable length
Types of Routing Protocols
There are mainly two types of Network Routing Protocols
•Static
•Dynamic
Static Routing Protocols
Static routing protocols are used when an administrator manually
assigns the path from source to the destination network. It offers more
security to the network.
Advantages:
• No overhead on router CPU.
• No unused bandwidth between links.
• Only the administrator is able to add routes
Disadvantages:
• The administrator must know how each router is connected.
• Not an ideal option for large networks as it is time intensive.
• Whenever link fails all the network goes down which is not feasible
in small networks
Dynamic Routing Protocols
Dynamic routing protocols are another important type of routing
protocol. It helps routers to add information to their routing tables from
connected routers automatically. These types of protocols also send out
topology updates whenever the network changes’ topological structure.
Advantage:
• Easier to configure even on larger networks.
• It will be dynamically able to choose a different route in case if a link
goes down.
• It helps you to do load balancing between multiple links.
Disadvantage:
• Updates are shared between routers, so it consumes bandwidth.
• Routing protocols put an additional load on router CPU or RAM
Distance Vector Routing Protocol (DVR)
Distance Vector Protocols advertise their routing table to every directly
connected neighbor at specific time intervals using lots of bandwidths and
slow converge. In the Distance Vector routing protocol, when a route
becomes unavailable, all routing tables need to be updated with new
information.
Advantages:
• Updates of the network are exchanged periodically, and it is always
broadcast.
• This protocol always trusts route on routing information received from
neighbor routers.
Disadvantages:
• As the routing information are exchanged periodically, unnecessary traffic
is generated, which consumes available bandwidth.
Internet Routing Protocols:
The following are types of protocols which help data packets
find their way across the Internet:
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
RIP is used in both LAN and WAN Networks. It also runs on the
Application layer of the OSI model. The full form of RIP is the Routing
Information Protocol. Two versions of RIP are
RIPv1
RIPv2
The original version or RIPv1 helps you determine network paths based
on the IP destination and the hop count journey. RIPv1 also interacts
with the network by broadcasting its IP table to all routers connected
with the network.
RIPv2 is a little more sophisticated as it sends its routing table on to a
multicast address
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)
• IGRP is a subtype of the distance-vector interior gateway
protocol developed by CISCO. It is introduced to overcome
RIP limitations. The metrics used are load, bandwidth,
delay, MTU, and reliability. It is widely used by routers to
exchange routing data within an autonomous system.
• This type of routing protocol is the best for larger network
size as it broadcasts after every 90 seconds, and it has a
maximum hop count of 255. It helps you to sustain larger
networks compared to RIP. IGRP is also widely used as it is
resistant to routing loop because it updates itself
automatically when route changes occur within the specific
network. It is also given an option to load balance traffic
across equal or unequal metric cost paths.
Link State Routing Protocol
• Link State Protocols take a unique approach to search the

best routing path. In this protocol, the route is calculated
based on the speed of the path to the destination and the
cost of resources
Routing protocol tables:
• Link state routing protocol maintains below given three tables:
Neighbor table: This table contains information about the neighbors

of the router only. For example, adjacency has been formed.
Topology table: This table stores information about the whole
topology. For example, it contains both the best and backup routes to a
particular advertised network.
Routing table: This type of table contains all the best routes to the
advertised network.
Advantages:
• This protocol maintains separate tables for both the best
route and the backup routes, so it has more knowledge of
the inter-network than any other distance vector routing
protocol.
• Concept of triggered updates are used, so it does not
consume any unnecessary bandwidth.
• Partial updates will be triggered when there is a topology
change, so it does not need to update where the whole
routing table is exchanged
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
• EGP is a protocol used to exchange data between gateway

hosts that are neighbors with each other within
autonomous systems. This routing protocol offers a forum
for routers to share information across different domains.
The full form for EGP is the Exterior Gateway Protocol.
EGP protocol includes known routers, network addresses,
route costs, or neighboring devices.
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing
Protocol (EIGRP
• EIGRP is a hybrid routing protocol that provides routing

protocols, distance vector, and link-state routing protocols.
The full form routing protocol EIGRP is Enhanced Interior
Gateway Routing Protocol. It will route the same protocols
that IGRP routes using the same composite metrics as
IGRP, which helps the network select the best path
destination.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is a link-state

IGP tailor-made for IP networks using the Shortest Path
First (SPF) method.
• OSPF routing allows you to maintain databases detailing
information about the surrounding topology of the
network. It also uses the Dijkstra algorithm (
Shortest path algorithm) to recalculate network paths
when its topology changes. This protocol is also very
secure, as it can authenticate protocol changes to keep data
secure.

CH#6.Routing Protocols

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CH#6.Routing Protocols

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CH#6.Routing Protocols

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Routing protocols

ROUTERS: Routers are used to connect networks together and

PROTOCOLS: Protocols are a set of rules that govern data

Routing Protocols are the set of defined rules used by

• Routing protocols are required for the following reasons:

There are mainly two types of Network Routing Protocols

• Link State Protocols take a unique approach to search the

• Link state routing protocol maintains below given three tables:

Neighbor table: This table contains information about the neighbors

• EGP is a protocol used to exchange data between gateway

• EIGRP is a hybrid routing protocol that provides routing

• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is a link-state

You might also like