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    Measures of Central Tendency

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    Measures of Central Tendency

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    Measures of Central Tendency

    Uploaded by

    partapadi134

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Measures of central tendency

    Measures of central tendency is a single Value, Which represent an entire set of data.
    There are three measures of central tendency

    1. Arithmetic Mean.
    2. Median.
    3. Mode.

    Arithmetic mean is defined as Sum of observation divided by number of observation.

    X =
    N
    Individual Series

    Direct method

    X= N

    Students A B C D E F G H I J
    Marks 85 60 50 75 55 40 55 70 45 65
    Students Marks (X)
    A 85
    B 60
    C 50
    D 75
    E 55
    F 40
    G 55
    H 70
    I 45
    J 65
    N = 10 ∑ X = 600

    X= ∑X =

    N
    600/10= 60
    Short Cut method (Assumed Mean Method ) –

    Sum of deviation from Arithmetic Mean is zero.

    d=X–A

    ∑d =∑( X – A )
    ∑d = ∑ X - ∑A

    Dividing Both sides by N We have

    ∑d = ∑ X - ∑A
    N N N

    ∑d = X - NA
    N N

    X = A+ ∑d
    N
    Students A B C D E F G H I J
    Marks 85 60 50 75 55 40 55 70 45 65

    Students Marks d = X – A (A = 50 )
    A 85 35
    B 60 10
    C 50 0
    D 75 25
    E 55 5
    F 40 -10
    G 55 5
    H 70 20
    I 45 -5
    J 65 15
    N = 10 ∑ d = 100

    X = A + ∑f d = 50 + 100/10= 50 + 10 =60
    N
    Discrete series –

    Direct Method –

    X = ∑ fi xi

    Marks 20 30 40 50 60 70
    No. of Students 8 12 20 10 6 4
    Marks (X) No of students (f) (fX)
    20 8 160
    30 12 360
    40 20 800
    50 10 500
    60 6 360
    70 4 280
    N = ∑ f = 60 ∑ f X = 1460

    X = ∑fX =
    N
    1460/ 60 = 24.34
    Short cut Method

    X = A+ ∑fd
    N

    Marks 20 30 40 50 60 70
    No. of Students 8 12 20 10 6 4
    Marks ( X ) No. of Students ( f ) d = X-A (A = 40 ) fd
    20 8 -20 -160
    30 12 -10 -120
    40 ( A ) 20 0 0
    50 10 10 100
    60 6 20 120
    70 4 30 120
    N = ∑f = ∑ fd = 60

    X = A+∑ f d = 40 +60/60=40 +1=41


    N
    Step Deviation Method

    X = A + ∑ f d’ x C d’ = d
    N C
    d = X – A , C = Common Factor.

    Marks 20 30 40 50 60 70
    No. of Students 8 12 20 10 6 4
    Marks No. of Students d = X –A d’ = d/ C fd’
    X f A= 40
    20 8 -20 -2 -16
    30 12 -10 -1 -12
    40 (A ) 20 0 0 0
    50 10 10 1 10
    60 6 20 2 12
    70 4 30 3 12
    ∑f= ∑ fd’ = 6

    X = A + ∑ fd’
    N
    X = 40+ 6/ 60 X10 40+ 1 =41
    Continuous series – 1. Arithmetic Mean can be calculated for Exclusive series.
    2. Arithmetic Mean can be calculated for close ended class- interval.

    Direct Method

    X = ∑fm
    N

    Marks 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25


    No. of students 2 8 6 10 4
    Marks ( X ) NO. of Students (f) Mid –Point (m ) fm
    0-5 2 2.5 5
    5-10 8 7.5 60
    10-15 6 12.5 75
    15-20 10 17.5 175
    20-25 4 22.5 90
    ∑ f = 30 405

    X = ∑ fm = 405/ 30 = 13.5
    N
    Short cut method

    X = A + ∑ fd
    N

    Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80


    No. of students 3 8 12 16 19 16 11 5
    Marks ( X ) No.of students (f) Mid point (m) d = m-A fd
    0-10 3 5 -40 -120
    10-20 8 15 -30 -240
    20-30 12 25 -20 -240
    30-40 16 35 -10 -160
    40-50 19 45 (A) 0 0
    50-60 16 55 10 160
    60-70 11 65 20 220
    70-80 5 75 30 150
    ∑ f = 90 ∑ fd = - 230

    X = A + ∑ fd = 45 + ( - )230/ 90 = 45 -2.56 =42.44


    N
    Step Deviation method =

    X = A + ∑ f d’ x c , d’ = m – A
    N C

    Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80


    No. of students 3 8 12 16 19 16 11 5
    Marks No.of students Mid point (m) d = m-A d’ = d/c fd’
    (X) (f) C = 10
    0-10 3 5 -40 -4 -12
    10-20 8 15 -30 -3 -24
    20-30 12 25 -20 -2 -24
    30-40 16 35 -10 -1 -16
    40-50 19 45 ( A ) 0 0 0
    50-60 16 55 10 1 16
    60-70 11 65 20 2 22
    70-80 5 75 30 3 15
    ∑ f = 90 ∑ fd’ = -23

    X = A + ∑ fd’ X C = 45 + ( -23 ) / 90 X 10 =45 – 2.56 = 42.44


    N
    Combined Mean

    When two or more distributions are given with number of items and arithmetic Mean
    then combined mean can be calculated, By applying following formula.

    X =NX +NX
    12 1 1 2 2

    N +N 1 2

    X Combined Mean , X = Mean of first distribution , X = Mean of second distribution,


    12 = 1 2

    And N and N are Number of items.


    1 2
    Find out combined mean of following data

    X1 X2
    Mean 12 20
    No. of items 80 60

    Combined Mean ( X12 ) = 80x 12 +60x 20


    80 + 60
    1. Calculate Arithmetic mean from the given data by Assumed mean method.

    SL. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
    No.
    Height 159 161 163 165 167 169 171 173

    2. If Mean of given data is 50 then find out missing value in the table.
    marks 30 35 40 ? 50 75

    No. of 1 2 3 4 6 4
    students

    3.Marks in economics is given below calculate average marks by Step deviation method.

    Marks 0 10 20 30 40 50
    more than
    No. of 40 35 32 20 10 5
    students
    X = 820 +4 X
    20
    20. X = 820 +4X
    20x50 = 820 + 4X
    4X = 1000 – 820
    4X = 180
    X = 180/ 4 = 45

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