Cataract

Visual
Impairment
COMMON
CAUSES OF
EYE
DISORDERS
PRESENTED BY:
M. FASILA
CATARACT
A cataract is a dense,
cloudy area that forms in the
lens of the eye. A cataract
begins when proteins in the
eye form clumps that prevent
the lens from sending clear
images to the retina.
It develops slowly and

eventually interferes with your
vision. You might end up with
cataracts in both eyes, but they
usually don’t form at the same
GLAUCO
MA
Glaucoma is a general term
used to describe a group of eye
disorders that damage the optic
nerve. It's the most common form of
optic nerve damage leading to vision
loss. In most cases, fluid builds up in
the front part of the eye. This extra
fluid puts pressure on the eye,
gradually damaging the optic nerve.
This pressure is known as intraocular
pressure (IOP), or eye pressure.
Some people have normal eye

pressure and still get glaucoma.
Untreated or poorly controlled
TRACHO
MA
Trachoma is a bacterial
infection that affects your eyes. It's
caused by the bacterium Chlamydia
trachomatis. Trachoma is contagious,
spreading through contact with the
eyes, eyelids, and nose or throat
secretions of infected people. It can
also be passed on by handling
infected items, such as
handkerchiefs.
At first, trachoma may cause

mild itching and irritation of your
eyes and eyelids. Then you may
notice swollen eyelids and pus
XEROPHTHA
LMIA
Xerophthalmia
refers to the spectrum of
ocular disease caused by
inadequate vitamin A
intake and is a late
manifestation of severe
deficiency. Lack of
vitamin A in the diet may
be caused by
CORNEAL
ULCER
Corneal ulcers may be
caused by infections with bacteria,
fungi, viruses, or parasites. Ulcers
may begin with a corneal injury,
such as with severe dry eyes, if a
foreign object scratches,
penetrates, or lodges in the eye
or, more often, if the eye is
irritated by a contact lens,
especially when contact lenses are
worn during sleep. A deficiency of
vitamin A and protein may lead to
the formation of a corneal ulcer.
When the eyelids do not

close properly, the cornea may
become dry and irritated. This kind
NEUROLOGY RELATED EYE DISORDERS
OPTIC ISCHEMIC OPTIC PARKINSON'

NEURITIS NEUROPATHY S
This develops DISEASE
This
This condition
when optic nerve
condition impedes your
starve for blood
involves flow. It can body both move
swelling of the develop alongside and muscle
optic nerve, control. That can
heart disease,
and it's impair your
and the damage
ability to blink
common in done can be and move your
people with
OPTIC GIANT OPTIC
NEUROPATHY CELL CHIASM
Problems with
Damage to the Giant cell is the blood vessels in the
optic nerves can inflammation of the brain, including
cause pain and arteries that extend bleeding, are the most
vision problems, from neck up into the common cause of
most commonly in head. Giant cell arteritis problems in the optic
just one eye. A can cause serious chiasm, but tumors and
person may notice complications, including: trauma can also result
vision loss in only Blindness. Diminished in chiasm disorders.
the center of their blood flow to your eyes Damage in the optic
chiasm mat result in
field of vision can cause sudden,
the vision field deficit
(scotoma) or pain painless vision loss in
that involve non
when they move one or, rarely, both
corresponding parts of
the affected eye. eyes. the visual field of each
eye.
MUSCLE RELATED EYE DISORDERS
When both eyes are not focused or directed
on the same object, then that condition called
'STABISMUS'.
Esotropia
The most common type of strabismus is

esotropia, which occurs when either one or
Exotropia
both eyes turn in toward the nose.
Exotropia is the second most common

kind of strabismus. In this condition, one or
both eyes turn out. It usually starts at age two
or three. In the beginning, the eye may drift
out only for a few seconds when the child is
Hypertropia
tired or ill.
. Hypertropia is the least common type of

strabismus. In this condition, one eye is
higher than the other. As a result, the child
often tilts or cocks his or her head to one side
DISORDER RELATED TO
RECEPTIVE ASPECTS OF EYE
VERBALISM ECHOLALIA
It is common for a student to talk about

Many students who are blind or
people, objects, and events without having
visually impaired learn to talk by
an understanding of the concepts. This is
echoing or copying phrases or
because they haven't had the experiences
sentences even if they do not
related to the topic, but have heard others
talk about the said topic.
understand it.
EXCESSIVE QUESTIONS SUSTAINING CONVERSATIONS
Many students with visual impairments Students who are blind or visually
ask excessive questions. which can be impaired also can have difficulty
inappropriate to the conversation or sustaining conversations. They can
inappropriate within the social context. tend to focus on their own interests
Frequently this can be a learned way of and not appear to have an interest in
initiating interactions or to check that the others
person is still nearby.
CORTICAL VISION IMPAIRMENT
Cerebral visual impairment

(sometimes called cortical visual
impairment or CVI) is a disorder
caused by damage to the parts of
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Cataract

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Visual

It develops slowly and

Some people have normal eye

At first, trachoma may cause

When the eyelids do not

OPTIC ISCHEMIC OPTIC PARKINSON'

The most common type of strabismus is

Exotropia is the second most common

. Hypertropia is the least common type of

It is common for a student to talk about

EXCESSIVE QUESTIONS SUSTAINING CONVERSATIONS

Cerebral visual impairment

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