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    Grade-8 Reproduction in Animals

    Uploaded by

    Suchismita Sahu

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Grade-8 Reproduction in Animals

    Uploaded by

    Suchismita Sahu
    7 views39 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    7 views39 pages

    Grade-8 Reproduction in Animals

    Uploaded by

    Suchismita Sahu

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 39

    What does this picture signify/

    show?
    grade-8
    Reproductio
    n in animals
    Modes of Reproduction in Animals

    Sexual Reproduction in Animals

    Male Reproductive Organs

    Female Reproductive Organs


    Table of
    Fertilization
    contents
    Internal Fertilization

    External Fertilization

    Embryo Development

    Asexual Reproduction in Animals

    Types Of Asexual Reproduction


    A B

    WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE


    What is BETWEEN
    the
    THESE TWOdifference
    PICTURES between
    picture A and B?
    Keywords

    Reproduction: Process by which living organisms produce off spring

    Sexual reproduction: Involves fusion of male and female gametes


    (sperm and egg)

    Asexual reproduction: Involves single parent (no fusion of gametes)

    Gametes: - Specialized cells for reproduction (sperm, egg)

    - Contain half the number of chromosomes of adult cells

    Fusion: Process of gametes combining to form zygote

    Genetic variation: Diff erences in genetic makeup among individuals


    Modes of Reproduction in Animals

    Sexual Asexual
    Reproductio Reproductio
    n n
    Sexual reproduction is the
    result of male and female
    gametes fusing together to
    create a new organism.

    Sexual
    Reproductio
    n in Animals
    Sexual Reproduction- A mode of
    reproduction in which
    Involves the
    Two parents are Leads to genetic
    fusion of male
    involved: a male variation in
    and female
    and a female offspring
    gametes
    Homework-1

    Q. In sexual reproduction, why do off spring inherit


    traits /characters from both parents, and how does
    this help a species adapt to changes in its
    environment?

    Q. In animals like birds and mammals, why are both


    male and female reproductive systems necessary for
    sexual reproduction? What would happen if one of
    these systems was not functioning properly?
    How many biological sexes exist in humans?
    Keywords

    • Male: The sex that produces sperm cells for reproduction.

    • Female: The sex that produces egg cells for reproduction.

    • Reproductive system : The organs and structures in males and females


    responsible for producing off spring.

    • Testis: Male reproductive organ that produces sperm and the hormone
    testosterone.

    • Vas deferens (sperm duct) : A tube that carries sperm from the testes
    to the urethra.

    • Penis: The external male organ that delivers sperm during reproduction
    and also functions in urination.

    • Sperm: Male gamete


    Male reproductive system
    A pair of testes, two sperm
    ducts, and a penis are
    among the male
    Male reproductive organs
    Reproductiv
    e Organs
    Sperm are male gametes
    formed by the testes.
    Functions of-
    Testes: The testes produce sperm and testosterone, the male
    sex hormone. They are essential for male fertility and sexual
    development.

    Sperm duct (Vas deferens): The vas deferens transports


    sperm from the testes to the urethra in preparation for
    ejaculation.

    Penis: The penis delivers sperm into the female reproductive


    tract during sexual intercourse and also serves as the organ for
    urination.
    Sperm: Male gamete
    Homework-2

    Q. Lable A,B and C in the given picture.


    Write one function of each part.

    Q. What is the function of sperm in the male


    reproductive system, and how are they adapted to
    reach and fertilize the egg?
    Keywords

    • Ovu m : Th e fe m al e re prod uctiv e ce ll (e gg ) inv olv e d in re produ ction.

    • Ovary : Th e fe m al e re prod uctiv e organ that p rod uce s e gg s (ov a) an d


    h orm on e s like e s troge n and p rog e s te rone .

    • Fallo pian tu be ( o vidu c t) : A tu be th at tran s p orts the e g g from th e ov ar y to


    th e ute ru s an d is th e s ite wh e re fe rtili zati on us uall y occurs .

    • Uteru s : A holl ow , m u s cu lar org an whe re a fe rtilize d e g g im plan ts an d


    d e v e lops in to a fe tu s d u rin g pre g nan cy.

    • Cervix : Th e lowe r, n arrow part of th e u te rus that op e ns in to th e v ag ina and


    allows th e pas s ag e of s p e rm , m e n s trual bl ood, an d th e b aby d u rin g bir th .

    • Vagin a : Th e m u s cu lar canal th at conn e cts the ce rv ix to th e ou ts id e of th e


    b ody an d s e r v e s as th e b irth canal as we ll as the pas s ag e for m e n s trual
    fl ow.
    Female reproductive
    system
    The female reproductive organs
    constitute a pair of ovaries, oviducts,
    and the uterus

    Female
    Ovary creates ova, which are female
    Reproductiv gametes.

    e Organs
    Per month, one of the ovaries releases
    a single matured egg into the oviduct
    in humans.
    Functions of

    Ovary: Produces eggs and female hormones.

    Oviduct (Fallopian Tube): Carries the egg from the ovary


    to the uterus; where fertilization happens.

    Uterus: Where a baby can grow; sheds lining during


    menstruation.

    Cervix: The opening of the uterus; allows flow out and can
    widen for childbirth.

    Vagina: Passage for menstrual flow, childbirth, and sexual


    intercourse.
    Homework-3

    Q. Explain the role of the ovaries in the female


    reproductive system. What do they produce,
    and why are these products important for
    reproduction?

    Q. Describe the function of the fallopian tubes


    in reproduction. How does the egg travel from
    the ovary to the uterus, and where does
    fertilization typically occur?
    Fertilizatio
    n
    Keywords

    •Fertilization : The process fusion of male and female gamete.

    •Zygote: The first cell formed right after fertilization. It has all the information needed to grow
    into a new organism.

    •Chromosome: Thread-like structures in cells that carry genetic information (DNA) from parents
    to offspring.

    •Embryo: The early stage of a developing baby, from fertilization up to about 8 weeks.

    •Foetus: The later stage of a developing baby, from around 8 weeks until birth.

    •Implantation: When the embryo attaches itself to the wall of the uterus to start growing.
    Fertilization:The process of fusion
    of male gamete with female
    gamete to give rise to zygote.

    During fertilization, a single sperm


    fuses with the ova.

    Each gamete has one set of


    chromosome.

    Zygote: The single cell with two


    sets of chromosome formed after
    fertilization.
    Embryo Development

    The zygote separates into a ball of cells after repeated


    divisions

    The embryo gets implanted in the uterine wall

    In humans, the foetus develops after nine months.

    The fertilization of gametes takes place inside the


    body of the mother, so it is called internal
    fertilization.
    Differentiate picture A from Picture B
    on the basis of fertilization
    Homework-4

    Q. Diff erentiate zygote from foetus.

    Q. Explain why external fertilization is more common in aquatic


    animals.
    Keywords

    •Calcareous Shell : A hard shell made mostly of calcium, like those found on snails and
    clams, for protection.

    •Metamorphosis: A process of transformation that some animals go through from one life
    stage to another, like a caterpillar changing into a butterfly.

    •Larva: The young, often worm-like stage of an animal after it hatches, before it changes
    into its adult form (e.g., caterpillar for butterflies).

    •Pupa: The stage in an insect’s life where it is enclosed in a cocoon or chrysalis, undergoing
    transformation into an adult.

    •Adult: The final stage of an animal’s life cycle, when it is fully developed and able to
    reproduce.
    Differentiate picture A from Picture B
    on the basis of the way they give rise to
    young ones
    Q. What can you infer from this picture?
    Q. How is it different from Humans?
    Metamorphosis

    •A drasti c change in form from


    larval to adult stage​

    •Seen in frogs, insects​


    Metamorphosis in frog:

    There are three distinct stages in frog development - egg, tadpole or


    larva, and the adult.
    1.The hatching of the fertilized frog egg produces larvae (immature
    young ones).
    2.The tadpole grows and develops to form the adult frog.

    The features of the tadpoles and the frog differs significantly.


    •Tadpole is adapted to live in water.
    •It has a long tail that aids in swimming.
    •Tadpoles breath using gills. It eventually grows into an adult by
    developing new bodily features.
    The adult frog is an amphibian. Adult frog has webbed feet that aids
    in swimming and jumping or hopping in the land. It has lungs for
    breath inland, and moist skin helps to breathe in water.
    Homework-5

    Q. Why do you think some animals go through a complete


    metamorphosis with distinct stages (like caterpillar to
    butterfl y), while others develop directly into their adult form?
    What could be the advantage of each approach?

    Q. Oviparous animals lay eggs outside the body, while


    viviparous animals give birth to live young. What are some
    reasons why an animal might be better suited to one method
    over the other?
    Q.Have you ever seen these organisms?

    Q.How do they reproduce?

    Q. Relate it with the diagram shown.


    What is Asexual
    Asexual Reproduction- The mode
    Reproductio
    of reproduction in which
    n in Animals

    Offspring Common
    Only one are methods:
    parent is genetically Binary
    involved identical to fission,
    the parent Budding
    • Budding is an asexual mode of
    producing new organisms.
    • In this process, a new organism is
    developed from a small part of the
    parent's body.
    • A bud which is formed detaches to
    develop into a new organism.
    • The newly developed organism
    remains attached as it grows
    further.
    Homework-6

    Q. In what ways does budding in organisms like yeast or hydra


    ensure genetic continuity? How might this be both an
    advantage and a limitation for the species?

    Q. Imagine you discover a new single-celled organism that


    reproduces by fi ssion. How would you expect its population to
    grow over time, and what factors might limit this growth?

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