FLOORING AND

FALSE
FLOORING
 WHAT IS A FLOOR?
 IN ORDER TO SUBDIVIDE THE PORTION BETWEEN
THE PLINTH LEVEL OR BASEMENT LEVEL AND ROOF
LEVEL, SOLID CONSTRUCTIONS ARE CARRIED OUT.
 THESE CONSTRUCTION ARE KNOWN AS THE
FLOORS AND THE EXPOSED TOP SURFACES OF
FLOORS ARE TERMED AS THE FLOORINGS.
 A FLOOR CAN BE DEFINED AS THE LOWER
HORIZONTAL SURFACE.
 IT CAN BE EXTERNAL AS WELL AS INTERNAL.
 IT IS A SURFACE WHERE THERE IS HUMAN TRAFFIC
AND VEHICULAR TRAFFIC(IN EXTERNAL CASE)
 HENCE THE FLOORING PROVIDED IS VERY
IMPORTANT.
 WHAT IS FLOORING?
 FLOORING IS THE GENERAL TERM FOR
A PERMANENT COVERING OF A FLOOR.
 IT IS A HORIZONTAL FINISHED
SURFACE PROVIDED ON TOP OF A
FLOOR PROVIDING EASY FOR
MOVEMENT.
 CRITERIAS TO BE SATISFIED
BY FLOORING.
 AESTHETICALLY IT SHOULD GO WITH THE
BUILDING.
 IT CAN BE EASILY AND EFFECTIVELY CLEANED.
 THE ECONOMICS OF USING THE MATERIAL
SHOULD BE CONSIDERED.
 IT SHOULD BE DURABLE AND RESISTANT TO THE
WEAR AND TEAR.
 THE FLOORING SHOULD BE FIRE RESISTANT, DAMP
PROOF AND HARD.
 IT SHOULD NOT BE TOO SLIPPERY.
 IT SHOULD BE SUCH THAT MINIMUM MAINTANACE
IS REQUIRED.
 TYPES OF FLOORING
 STONE FLOORING
 CERAMIC FLOORING
 LAMINATED FLOORING
 LINOLEUM FLOORING
 VINYL FLOORING
 GLASS FLOORING
 CONCRETE FLOORING
 WOODEN FLOORING
 STONE FLOORING
 MARBLE
 GRANITE
 KOTA
 JAISALMER
 DHOLPUR
 KASHMIRI STONE
 TEAKWOOD STONE
 MANDANA
 SLATE
 KATNI
 KADAPPA
 COASTAL LIMESTONE
 MARBLE
MARBLE IS CATAGORIZED WITH METAMORPHIC
STONE.
• METAMORPHIC STONES ARE FORMED IN SOME
FASHION FROM A PRE-EXISTING ROCK, THROUGH HEAT,
PRESSURE, THE EFFECT OF SUPERHEATED FLUIDS, OR
ANY COMBINATION OF THESE FORCES.

• THE CHANGE CAN BE A DEVELOPMENT OF

CRYSTALLINE FORMATION, A TEXTURE CHANGE OR EVEN
A COLOR CHANGE.
 MARBLE

WHERE IT IS USED?

 MARBLE FLOORING IN INDIA IS POPULAR

FOR BOTH INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR
FLOORING APPLICATIONS. THE IDEAL PLACES
FOR USING MARBLE FLOORING AND MARBLE
FLOORS MATERIALS ARE THE BATHROOMS,
ENTRANCE PATHWAYS, FIREPLACES, LIVING
AND DINING AREAS ETC.
 ARAVALI ONYX
2 SHADES ARE AVAILABLE.

• GREEN MARBLE
2 SHADES ARE AVAILABLE.

PRICE-RS 40-65 per sqft

 KATNI

RICE RANGES FROM RS 50-110

PER SQFT
INDIAN NATURAL MARBLES
 ITALIAN MARBLE
 3 TYPES ARE AVAILABLE IN THE
MARKET.
1.ITALIAN NATURAL MARBLE
(MORE THAN 20 SHADES ARE AVBL)
2.ITALIAN ARTIFICIAL MARBLE
3.ITALIAN SPARKLE MARBLE
 PRICE RANGES FROM 175+
ITALIAN NATURAL MARBLE
ITALIAN ARTIFICIAL MARBLE
ITALIAN SPARKLE MARBLE
 KOTA STONE
 KOTA STONES ARE SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS.
 SEDIMENTARY STONES ARE LAYERED
ROCKS, FORMED THROUGH THE
ACCUMULATION AND SOLIDIFICATION OF
SEDIMENTS, WHICH MAY ORIGINALLY BE
MADE UP OF MINERALS, ROCK DEBRIS, OR
ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE MATTER. THESE
STONES COME FROM SUCH ORGANIC
ELEMENTS AS GLACIERS, RIVERS, WIND,
OCEANS AND PLANTS.
 KOTA STONES
 2 COLOURS ARE AVAILABLE
YELLOW AND GREEN KOTA .
 PRICE RANGES FROM RS 18-55 PER
SQFT
OTHER STONES AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET
 GRANITE
 IGNEOUS STONE
 IGNEOUS STONES ARE FORMED FROM MOLTEN OR
PARTLY MOLTEN MATERIAL I.E. MAGMA, THROUGH
SOLIDIFICATION OF MAGNA.
 GRANITE IS THE MOST COMMON CHOICE.
 SINCE GRANITE IS HIGHLY SPECKLED, IT VARIES
GREATLY IN COLOR DEPENDING ON THE RANGE OF
THE MINERALS PRESENT AND THE LOCATION OF
THE QUARRY.
 DUE TO ITS CHEMISTRY, GRANITE IS A MUCH
HARDER STONE. IT DOESN'T SCRATCH AS EASILY
 ITS PRICE RANGES FROM RS 65-800PER SQFT
GRANITE
GRANITE
 SLATE
 SLATE IS A NATURAL STONE THAT IS VERY DURABLE AND MAKES FOR A LOW
MAINTENANCE FLOOR.
 ITS RICH TEXTURE AND HUES (WHICH RANGE FROM BROWNS, GRAYS, AND
BLACKS TO MULTICOLORED EARTH/RUST COLORS) GIVE IT A DRAMATIC LOOK.
 WHERE IT IS USED?
 SLATE IS OFTEN USED IN HIGH-END BATHROOM REMODELS, BUT IT IS
APPROPRIATE IN OTHER ROOMS AS WELL: KITCHENS, HALLWAYS, AND SEMI-
OUTDOOR LIVING AREAS (SLATE IS NATURALLY WATER RESISTANT).
 SLATE IS EXPENSIVE, AS IS TYPICAL OF NATURAL STONE, BUT THE PRICE ISN'T AS
HIGH AS MARBLE OR GRANITE.
 ALSO SLATE CAN BE INSTALLED BY A DO-IT-YOURSELF HOMEOWNER (UNLIKE
MARBLE AND GRANITE), WHICH ELIMINATES LABOR COSTS AND OBVIOUSLY CUTS
DOWN ON THE OVERALL PRICE.
 SLATE FLOORING COMES IN TILES (COMMON) OR "RIVEN," WHICH IS SPLIT SLATE
(LESS COMMON).
 RIVEN SLATE HAS A SOMEWHAT ROUGH SURFACE THAT PROVIDES A BIT OF SLIP
RESISTANCE.
 ITS THICKNESS TENDS TO BE UNEVEN, WHICH CAN MAKE IT TRICKIER TO INSTALL
THAN TILES.
 CUT SLATE TILES HAVE SMOOTH SURFACES AND EVEN EDGES. THEY CAN BE
SLIPPERY.
 CHOOSING A TEXTURED VARIETY CAN ALSO HELP KEEP DOWN SLIPPERINESS IN
AREAS THAT HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO GET WET.
 TYPES OF SLATE
1. Indian Slate - gauged (cut flat)

2. Ungauged Indian
Slate

 PRICES RANGE FRM 25 TO 75

 FLOORING TEXTURES AVAILABLE
ABOUT SURFACE TEXTURE
 STONES HAVE DIFFERENT SURFACE TEXTURES, ACCORDING TO THEIR FORMATION
BUT THESE DAYS, STONES ARE FABRICATED TO GIVE DESIRED SURFACE TEXTURES.
THERE ARE SIX MAIN TYPES OF SURFACES THAT ARE IN USE.

 NATURAL
THE NATURAL SURFACE TEXTURE IS ACHIEVED BY RIPPING ALONG ITS LINE OF
CLEAVAGE TO REVEAL THE NATURAL GRAIN & TEXTURE, WHICH GIVES AN
UNDULATING SURFACE WITH GREAT CHARACTER. THE SURFACE COMES WITH
NATURAL CLEFTS GIVING A VERY NATURAL LOOK.

 HONED
IT IS PRODUCED BY GRINDING A SURFACE WITH HIGH GRIT MATERIAL TO A
UNIFORM SPECIFICATION, WITHOUT PRODUCING A REFLECTIVE SURFACE. HONED
STONE COLORS ARE NOT AS VIBRANT AS POLISHED STONES. A SMOOTH FINISH
WITH A SLIGHT SHEEN IS PRODUCED BY USING A POLISHING HEAD. THIS SURFACE
IS VERY SMOOTH, BUT OFTEN VERY POROUS.

 POLISHED
POLISHED SURFACE TEXTURE IS A REFLECTION OF POLISHED CRYSTALS THAT BRING
OUT THE BRILLIANT COLORS AND GRAINS OF NATURAL STONES. THE SHINE ON
STONE SURFACE COMES FROM POLISHING BRICKS AND POWDERS USED DURING
 FLAMED
IT IS A ROUGH SURFACE THAT IS DEVELOPED DUE TO THE BURSTING
OF CRYSTALS WHEN THE STONE IS HEATED. THIS SURFACE GIVES AN
IRREGULAR TEXTURED FINISH.

 SAND BLASTED
PRODUCING A FINISH SIMILAR TO CLEFT, SAND BLASTING INVOLVES
PROJECTING A HIGH-PRESSURE AIRLINE COARSE-GRAINED GRIT,
ONTO THE TOP SURFACE OF THE STONE. IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY A
TEXTURED SURFACE WITH A MATTE GLOSS.

 SAWN
SAWN SURFACE IS COARSELY POLISHED LEAVING A SEMI-SMOOTH,
REGULAR FINISH. IT IS DONE BY USING A GANG SAW.

 BUSH HAMMERED
A POUNDING ACTION THAT DEVELOPS A TEXTURED SURFACE. THE
TOP SURFACE IS PNEUMATICALLY TOOLED TO PRODUCE A PITTED OR
GROOVED SURFACE FINISH.

 LEATHER FINISH
IT IS A SURFACE DEVELOPED BY USING DIAMOND BRUSHES TO GIVE
 SURFACE
FINISHES

NI CHISELLED FINISH
CODROUY FINISH
LAPATHURA FINISH
 TYPES OF TILES
 CERAMIC TILES
 VITRIFIED TILES
 PORCELANO
 TERRAZO
 TERRACOTTA TILES
 PARKING TILES
 GLASS TILES
 CERAMIC FLOOR TILING
 IT IS AN ELEGANT AND STYLISH FLOORING SOLUTION.
 AVAILABLE IN AN ENTIRE SPECTRUM OF COLORS,
CERAMIC FLOOR TILES ARE TOUGH AND HIGHLY
DURABLE.
 CERAMIC FLOORING INSTALLATION IS ADAPTABLE TO ANY
ROOM AND THE DESIGNS, COLORS, PATTERNS CAN BE
CHOSEN COMPLEMENTING THE ROOM DÉCOR FOR EACH
ROOM.
 THE MOST PREFERRED CERAMIC FLOOR INSTALLATION
ROOMS WOULD BE THE KITCHEN AND BATHROOM.
CERAMIC FLOOR TILE IS THE OLDEST KNOWN FLOORING
MATERIAL TO MAN.
 THE CERAMIC FLOORING IS ACTUALLY A COMBINATION OF
DIFFERENT CLAYS MIXED WITH WATER AND MOULDED
INTO VARYING DESIGNS, SHAPES AND PATTERNS.
 THE VERSATILITY OF CERAMIC FLOOR TILING HAS
PROVEN TO BE EXTREMELY ADAPTABLE TO INDIAN
HOME USAGE AS WELL AS INDUSTRIAL USAGE.
 THE CERAMIC FLOOR INSTALLATION CAN BE DONE
FOR BOTH INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR SURFACES,
FOR FLOORS AS WELL AS WALLS.
 THE EDGES ARE NOT RECTILINEAR.
 AVAILABLE SIZE
300
380
400
330
400*600
450*450
500*500
 Prices ranges from 25 plus
 PORCELAIN TILES
 PORCELAIN TILES ARE ONE FORM OF CERAMIC TILES THAT ARE
MANUFACTURED UNDER HIGH PRESSURE CONDITIONS.
 DUE TO ITS ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY, THESE
SPORTS THE VIRTUES OF BEING STURDY, NON POROUS, WATER
RESISTANT AND HIGHLY DURABLE.
 AS THESE ARE WATER RESISTANT SO ARE MAINLY AVAILED FOR
WALLS AND FLOORS AND ARE A HOT FAVORITE IN HOUSING ARENA.
 PORCELAIN WALL TILES AND PORCELAIN FLOOR TILES COMPLETE
THAT BEAUTIFUL AMBIENCE OF THE HOUSE BY SPORTING GOOD
LOOKING DESIGNS OF TILES IN DIVERSE COLORS.
 AVAILABLE IN THREE BASIC SIZES, AND CATEGORIZED AS LARGE,
MEDIUM AND SMALL SIZED THE PORCELAIN TILES THAT OFFER WIDE
RANGE TO CHOOSE FROM.
 THE SIZES VARY 300*300 ,600*600,1000*1000
 AVAILED FOR BOTH INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR PURPOSE, PORCELAIN
TILES OFFER VERSATILITY. OUTDOOR PORCELAIN TILES ARE OFTEN
USED FOR GARDENS, PORCH AND EXTERIOR REGION AND SPORTS
AMAZING DURABILITY.
 AS FAR AS THE PRICING IS CONCERNED PORCELAIN TILES ARE AVAILABLE IN MANY
RANGES FROM EXPENSIVE TO AFFORDABLE ONES.
 AND THESE TILES ARE JOINT FREE.
 AND 2 FINISHES ARE AVAILABLE
1.POLISHED
2.UNPOLISHED

 VITRIFIED TILE ADHESIVE

 VITRIFIED TILE ADHESIVE IS A SPECIALLY FORMULATED, HIGH GRAB, NON-SLIP, POLYMER
IMPROVED, STANDARD SETTING CEMENT BASED ADHESIVE.
 IT IS SUITABLE FOR BOTH THIN AND THICK BED; INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR AND FLOOR
AND WALL APPLICATIONS. WHILE IT IS MAINLY USED UP TO 6 MM BED DEPTH IT IS
SUITABLE FOR USE UP TO 12MM IN ISOLATED AREAS. VITRIFIED TILE ADHESIVE IS
SUITABLE FOR FIXING CERAMIC AND QUARRY TILES, PORCELAIN, MARBLE AND
TERRAZZO.
 High Grab
 Non-Slip
 Up to 5 hours pot life
 BS EN 12004 type C2T
 Suitable for Porcelain and Fully Vitrified tiles
 Grey and White
IT HAS A THIN UPPER LAYER WHICH PROVIDES THE TEXTURAL SURFACE TO THE TILE.
THICKNESS SIZES AND THEIR EDGES ARE RECTILINEAR WHICH MAKES IT
MAJOR TILE COMPANIES AVAILABLE IN INDIA ARE
JOINTFREE.
 VITRFIED TILES
 VITRIFIED TILE IS A TILE WHICH HAS BEEN PROCESSED
IN SUCH A WAY THAT IT HAS VERY VERY LOW POROSITY
(AND WATER ABSORPTION) WHICH MAKE IT STAIN
RESISTANT AND VERY STRONG.
 THESE TILES ARE MADE OUT OF A SINGLE MATERIAL SO
IT SAN BE POLISHED.
 ASIAN, RESTILE, MARBONITE, SWASTIK, JOHNSON,
KOHINOOR, JET AND COMET.
 THICKNESS .25MM
AVAILABLE SIZES
› 300*300
› 600*600
› 800*800
› 1000*1000
 TILE AND STONE INSTALLATION
 PREPARATION OF THE SUBSTRATE IS VERY IMPORTANT AS IS THE UNDERSTANDING OF EACH
METHOD'S CHARACTERISTICS REGARDING THE APPLICATION AND LONGEVITY.
 THE THING TO REMEMBER IS THAT TILES AND STONES REQUIRES A SOLID FOUNDATION ON
WHICH TO BOND,.
 SETTING OF TILE OR STONE IS THE MOST TIME CONSUMING PART OF THE TASK.
 THE INSTALLER WILL NEED A WORK STATION OUTSIDE YOUR HOME FOR THE WATER-SAW (IF
REQUIRED) AND GRINDERS, A WATER SOURCE AND CLEAR PATH FROM THE ENTRANCE TO THE
WORK AREA.
 WHEN THE TILE OR STONE IS LAID, IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO STAY OFF THEM UNTIL THEY SET
UP (AT LEAST OVER NIGHT).
 ANY MOVEMENT ,WILL AFFECT THE PLASTIC BOND BETWEEN THE TILE/FLOOR AND MORTAR
AND CAUSE YOU TO HAVE LOOSE TILES AND CRACKED GROUT. 48 HOURS OR MORE IS IDEAL ...
BUT NOT ALWAYS REALISTIC.
 GROUTING IS THE LAST PHASE OF THE INSTALLATION.
 THE APPLICATION OF THE GROUT IS THE PROCESS WHICH BRINGS IT ALL TOGETHER BY
BLENDING THE LINES OF THE TILES, EDGES OF THE ROOM AND FIXTURES INTO WHAT YOU'VE
WAITED SO LONG FOR.
 AFTER THE SPONGE CLEANUP, THERE WILL BE A FINE DUST RESIDUE (HAZE) LEFT ON YOUR
TILES OR STONE. RINSE WITH CLEAN WATER..
 NORMALLY 10 TO 14 DAYS IS REQUIRED FOR THE GROUT TO CURE.FINALLY ... DO NOT
REPLACE YOUR APPLIANCES UPON YOUR CERAMIC TILE FLOOR UNTIL THE NEXT 24 HOURS OR
 TERRAZO TILES
 TERRAZZO CONSISTS OF MARBLE OR
OTHER STONE AGGREGATE SET IN MORTAR
AND GROUND AND POLISHED TO A
SMOOTH SURFACE.
 PRE-MANUFACTURED CONSISTING OF
MARBLE OR GRANITE CHIPS IN A PORTLAND
CEMENT OR EPOXY MATRIX IN VARIOUS
THICKNESS' AND SIZES IS USED.
 THESE ARE GENERALLY USED AS FLOORING
PROVIDED OVER TERRACES.
 GLASS FLOORS
 GLASS FLOORS CAN ALSO TAKE THE FORM OF LAMINATE
FLOORING. GLASS LAMINATE PANELS CAN BE ANY SIZE, AND ARE
TYPICALLY MADE WITH SANDWICHED LAYERS OF TEMPERED
GLASS. THEY ARE VERSATILE, COMING IN CONFIGURABLE COLORS,
AND ALSO CAN BE COMPLETELY TRANSPARENT OR ILLUMINATED
FROM BELOW. THEY CAN BE USED IN HIGH TRAFFIC AREAS, SUCH
AS SHOP OR DISCOTHÈQUE FLOORS, WHERE THEY ARE OFTEN
TEXTURED TO REDUCE SLIPPAGE AND TO HIDE SCRATCHES.

 GLASS FLOOR TILES BRING SOME OF THE PROPERTIES OF

LAMINATE GLASS FLOORING INTO A MORE MODULAR,
CONVENIENT-SIZED FORM. APPLIED TO A SUBSTRATE LIKE
PORCELAIN TILES, GLASS FLOOR TILES DO NOT INTRODUCE
BRIGHTNESS FROM BELOW, BUT MAKE THE MOST OF EXISTING
LIGHT IN A ROOM, BY REFLECTING IT BACK FROM A FLOOR THAT
WOULD OTHERWISE BE ABSORBING LIGHT.

 FIXING OF THE TILES

THEY ARE FIXED WITH SPECIAL GLASS MOSAIC ADHESIVE.
 GLASS TILES
 THICKNESS AVAILABLE 15MM
 TYPES OF TILES
 SMALTI TILE
SMALTI TILES ARE TYPICALLY COLORFUL, TEXTURED, SMALL FORMAT TILES
– GOOD BUILDING BLOCKS FOR ARTISTIC MOSAICS.
“SMALTI” IS AN ITALIAN WORD, AND REFERS TO A GLASS PASTE OR
GLAZE MADE UP OF SILICA MELTED WITH SODIUM OR POTASSIUM
CARBONATE. METALS ARE ADDED AS STABILIZING AGENTS, AS WELL AS
METAL OXIDES ( FOR COLOR). THE PASTE IS FIRED AT HIGH
TEMPERATURES, THEN ROLLED OUT INTO A PANCAKE-LIKE SLAB THAT
CAN BE UP TO 6 INCHES THICK. ONCE COOLED, THE SLAB IS
TRADITIONALLY HAND-CUT INTO SMALL RECTANGULAR PIECES OF TILE.
 FUSED TILE
IN THE FUSED MANUFACTURING METHOD, FLAT GLASS (USUALLY
FLOAT GLASS, SUCH AS GLASS USED ON CAR WINDSHIELDS) IS CUT
INTO TILES SHAPES AND THEN FIRED IN A FURNACE. AS GLASS IS
CLEAR, IT WILL SHOW THE TILE UNDERPAY UNLESS TREATED WITH
COLOR, SO THIS METHOD USUALLY INVOLVES THE ADDITION OF COLOR –
BY ADDING IT ON TOP OR UNDER THE GLASS. FUSED GLASS TILES ARE
OFTEN TRANSLUCENT TILES, WITH A LAYER OF OPAQUE COLOR VISIBLE
THROUGH THE TILE.
• FUSED TILES ARE OFTEN TREATED
WITH AN ETCHING OR OTHER
COATING, FOR AETHETIC REASONS,
OR TO INCREASE RESISTANCE TO
ABRASION.
•FUSED TILES CAN COME IN
VIRTUALLY ANY SIZE – FROM
MOSAICS TO LARGE FORMAT.

• SINTERED GLASS TILE IS MADE BY

PRESSING GLASS POWDER INTO DIES
AND THEN HEATED UNTIL THE
PARTICLES FUSE. THESE TILES ARE
OFTEN SOLD IN ARRAYS OF 1" × 1"
SQUARES, BUT CAN COME IN SIZES
UP TO 3" × 3".
IN THIS METHOD, COLOR IS EITHER
ADDED INTO THE POWDER OR
ADDED TOPICALLY AFTER COOLING.
UNLIKE SMALTI TILES, SINTERED
TILES TEND TO HAVE A UNIFORM
LOOK. WITH THEIR MILKY, SCRATCH-
 INSTALLATION: WHAT TO WATCH FOR
 GLASS FLOOR TILES ARE USUALLY SET
AGAINST A CRACK SUPPRESSION MEMBRANE
WITH A WHITE, FAST-SETTING AND FLEXIBLE
THINSET ADHESIVE. IT'S IMPORTANT THAT
THERE ARE NO POCKETS OF AIR TRAPPED
UNDER THE TILES WHEN THEY ARE LAID, AS
AN UNEVEN UNDERLAY WILL WEAKEN AND
EVENTUALLY CRACK THE TILES WHEN THEY
ARE WALKED ON. TO OBVIATE AIR POCKETS,
PIECES SHOULD BE BACK-BUTTERED AND
SETTLED INTO POSITION WHEN LAID.
 CAST TILE
 CAST TILE IS MADE BY INSERTING CHUNKS OF GLASS INTO A MOLD. THE MOLD
IS HEATED UNTIL THE PIECES MELT INTO EACH OTHER AND BECOME A
COHERENT MASS. THE RESULT IS A LAYERED LOOK. MOST RECYCLED GLASS TILE
PRODUCTS ARE MADE USING THIS METHOD.
 TERRAZZO GLASS TILE IS A CAST METHOD THAT COMBINES AN CONCRETE
AMALGAM WITH GLASS.
 SLUMPED TILE
 SLUMPED GLASS HAS BEEN CURVED INTO A CONVEX OR CONCAVE SHAPE
DURING FIRING. SLUMPING IS USUALLY ACHIEVED BY MELTING PLATE GLASS INTO
RELIEF MOLDS AT RELATIVELY LOW FIRING TEMPERATURES. ON COOLING, THE
GLASS ASSUMES A DISTINCTIVE CURVED OR CONTOURED SHAPE.
 ETCHED GLASS TILE
 ETCHED GLASS IS A PROCCESS OF APPLYING A THIN, TRANSLUCENT LAYER ON
THE SURFACE OF A TILE. THIS LAYER CAN BE ACHIEVED THROUGH ONE OF
THREE METHODS:
1. ABRASION. DEVICES CAN INCLUDE SANDBLASTERS OR LASER CUTTERS.
2. BY APPLYING AN ACID ETCH, SUCH AS HYDROFLOURIC ACID, TO THE SURFACE.
3. BY APPLYING AN ADDITIONAL, CLOUDY GLASS SURFACE TO THE TOP OF THE
TILE.
 Terracotta tiles

 TERRACOTTA FLOORING TILES COME IN DIFFERENT

SHAPES. SINCE THEY ARE A NATURAL MATERIAL, NO
TWO LOOK ALIKE. TERRACOTTA WORKS WELL WITH A
TUSCAN THEME.
 LAMINATE FLOORING
LAMINATE FLOORING IN INDIA IS FAST PICKING UP THE TREND OF EASY
TO INSTALL AND CHEAP LAMINATE FLOORING.

THE LAYERED CONSTRUCTION OF LAMINATE FLOORING MAKES IT

CHEAPER AS COMPARED TO HARDWOOD FLOORING . THERE IS A THIN
LAYER OF LAMINATED FLOORING ON TOP OF YOUR SUB-FLOOR USUALLY
MADE OF ALUMINUM OXIDE THAT MAKES THE FLOORING RESISTANT TO
SCRATCHES, CHIPPINGS, BURNS, DENTS AND ANY OTHER KIND OF
WEAR AND TEAR. THUS LAMINATE FLOOR CARE IS NOT A HASSLE.
AND EVEN THE FLOOR REPAIR IS NOT AN ISSUE SINCE IT IS SO EASY TO
INSTALL AND CAN BE CLEANED WITH USUAL FLOOR CLEANERS.
SINCE THE LAMINATE WOOD FLOORS ARE A LAYER SIMPLY LYING ATOP
THE SUB-FLOOR, THE LAMINATE FLOORING INSTALLATION IS EASY AND
NUISANCE FREE..
LAMINATE FLOORING IS MADE OF A FIBERBOARD CORE WITH A PAPER
PATTERN THAT IS SEALED UNDER HIGH PRESSURE. LAMINATE CAN BE
MADE TO LOOK LIKE TILE, WOOD, OR STONE, AND IS CHEAPER THAN
ANY OF THOSE MATERIALS. LAMINATE FLOORING IS LONG LASTING AND
VERY DURABLE WHEN MAINTAINED WELL.
UNLIKE SOME OTHER TYPES OF FLOORING, LAMINATE FLOORING DOES NOT
USUALLY ADD VALUE TO A HOME. IT LASTS FOR SOMEWHERE BETWEEN 15
AND 30 YEARS, AND CANNOT BE RECOATED OR REFINISHED. IF LAMINATE
FLOORING IS NOT INSTALLED CORRECTLY, IT CAN LEAD TO A HOLLOW SOUND
WHEN WALKED ON. HOWEVER, USING THE CORRECT FLOOR UNDERLAYMENT
CAN REDUCE OR ELIMINATE THIS PROBLEM.
 HARDWOOD FLOORING
 HARDWOOD FLOORING IN INDIA IS MADE FROM TIMBER DERIVED FROM HARDWOODS
LIKE OAK, SPRUCE OR HARD PINE.
 THE INITIAL HARDWOOD FLOORS ARE UNFINISHED AND AFTER THE HARDWOOD
FLOORING INSTALLATION, IT IS SANDED ON SITE.
 THE HARDWOOD FLOORING ADHESIVE PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN DETERMINING THE
HARDWOOD FLOOR INSTALL COSTS AND ALSO THE DURABILITY.
 THE VARIOUS METAL OXIDES AND DIOXIDES USED TO POLISH THE PRE-FINISHED
HARDWOOD FLOORS ALSO HELP IN INCREASING THE ABRASION HANDLING CAPACITY OF
ANY HARDWOOD FLOORING.

THERE ARE VARIOUS HARDWOOD FLOOR MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS IN INDIA

WHO ALSO HELP WITH THE HARDWOOD FLOORING TOOLS. THE APPLICATION OF
HARDWOOD FLOORING INSTALLERS LIKE NAILS, ADHESIVE ETC. EFFECTS THE
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE HARDWOOD FLOOR TOWARDS MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE.
 A SUB-FLOOR OF CONCRETE SLAB IS NEVER RECOMMENDED BY ANY HARDWOOD
RATINGS AND REVIEWS SITES SINCE THE HARDWOOD FLOORS HAVE TENDENCY TO
EXPAND AND CONTRACT WITH CHANGES IN MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE.
 IT IS ADVISABLE TO FOLLOW SPECIAL CARE DURING HARDWOOD FLOOR INSTALLATION
ON STAIRS AND IN BATHROOM.
 HARDWOOD FLOOR PRICES AND REFINISHING DEPEND UPON WHETHER IT IS A SINGLE
SLAB HARDWOOD FLOOR OR ENGINEERED HARDWOOD.
 WHILE THE FORMER IS AVAILABLE IN 3/4" TO 5/16" THICKNESS, ENGINEERED HARDWOOD
FLOORING HAS A THICKNESS RANGE OF 3/8" TO 9/16". FOR EITHER TYPES, VARYING
OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE FOR HARDWOOD FLOORING APPLICATION AND INSTALLATION
TOOLS, HARDWOOD FLOORING HARDWOOD FLOORING REFINISHING, CARE AND THE
•PARQUET DESIGN: THIS KIND OF FLOORING NORMALLY COMES
IN STANDARD PATTERNS OF 6×6”. SENSATIONAL GEOMETRIC EFFECTS CAN
BE
ACHIEVED WITH SPECIAL PARQUET DESIGN PATTERNS.

•PLANK: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THIS HARDWOOD FLOOR IS THAT FLOORING

BOARDS
ARE AT LEAST 3 `IS BY SCREWING THE PLANK FLOOR TO THE SUB FLOOR AS
WELL AS NAILED. SCREW HOLES CAN BE COVERED WITH WOODEN PLUGS.

• STRIP: THIS FLOOR IS USED FOR THE MAJORITY OF INSTALLATIONS.

STRIPS USUALLY ARE 2-1/4 INCHES WIDE, BUT ALSO COME IN WIDTHS
RANGING FROM 1-1/2 INCHES TO 3-1/4 INCHES. NAILING TO THE SUB
FLOOR MAKES INSTALLATION
 VINYL FLOORING
• VINYL FLOORING IN INDIA IS AVAILABLE AS EITHER SHEETS OR
TILES.
• THE SHEETS PRESENT VINYL FLOORING IN ROLLS OF WIDTH 6"
TO 12" THAT CAN BE CUT TO MEASUREMENT.
• THE ADHESIVE TO BE USED DEPENDS ON THE FLOOR STYLE.
• VINYL FLOOR TILES ARE AVAILABLE AS 12" OR 18" SQUARES
WITH VARYING PATTERNS AND STYLES.
• THE STABILITY, EASY CLEANING AND WATER RESISTANCE
PROPERTIES OF VINYL FLOORING MAKE IT AN IDEAL CHOICE BY
THE SPECIALISTS AS WELL.
• ONE CAN OPT FOR ENHANCED URETHANE SURFACE COATINGS
FOR THE VINYL FLOORING THAT MAKES IT MORE RESISTANT TO
STAINS AND SCRATCHES AND MAKES THE ORIGINAL LUSTER
LAST LONGER.
 LINOLEUM FLOORING
 BOTH LINOLEUM TILES AND LINOLEUM ROLLS ARE MAKING A
COMEBACK.
 IT IS AVAILABLE IN ROLLS OF WIDTH ABT 1.8-3.6 MTS
 THE THICKNESS VARIES FROM 2MM -6MM, THE GREATER VALUES
BEING ADOPTED FOR FLOORS SUBJECTED TO HEAVY WEAR AS
INCASE OF SHOPS OFFICES HOSPITALS ETC.
 LINOLEUM IS BIODEEGRADABLE AND NON-TOXIC, AS WELL AS
AFFORDABLE. THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST DIFFICULT TYPES OF
FLOORING TO INSTALL, BUT MAINTENANCE OF LINOLEUM IS EASY.
 LINOLEUM IS MADE OF NATURAL MATERIALS, AND THE COLOR AND
PATTERNS GO ALL THE WAY THROUGH THE MATERIAL, SO IF IT
BECOMES WORN DOWN, THE PATTERN IS STILL VISIBLE.
 THIS FLOORING MATERIAL IS A MIXTURE OF LINSEED OIL ,GUMS,AND
RESINS,PIGMENTS,WOOD FLOUR,CORK DUST AND OTHER FILLING
MATERIALS.A
 LINOLEUM FLOORING IIS ATTRACTIVE IN APPEARANCE, CHEAP,
DURABLE, RESILIENT, COMFORTABLE, MODERATELY WARM AND IT
CAN BE EASILY CLEANED.
 PROCESS
 THE MOST IMPORTANT STEP IN PREPARING THE INSTALLATION AREA IS TO
MAKE SURE YOUR FLOOR IS COMPLETELY CLEAN AND DRY BEFORE
INSTALLING NEW FLOORING
 WHETHER YOU ARE INSTALLING VINYL OR LINOLEUM SHEET FLOORING,
BE SURE TO LEAVE THE NEW FLOORING MATERIAL IN THE ROOM WHERE
YOU PLAN TO PUT IT FOR A FEW DAYS BEFORE INSTALLATION. THIS GIVES
THE MATERIAL TIME TO ADJUST TO THE TYPICAL ROOM TEMPERATURE. IF
THE VINYL OR LINOLEUM IS TOO COLD, IT MAY CRACK WHILE YOU ARE
UNROLLING IT.
 THE FIRST STEP IS TO MEASURE AND CUT YOUR FLOORING.
 APPLY A STRIP OF ADHESIVE ON THE FLOOR IN FRONT OF THE ROLLED
PORTION, ABOUT A FOOT WIDE AND THE ENTIRE LENGTH OF THE ROOM.
ROLL THE FLOORING FORWARD, AND PRESS DOWN ALONG THE
ADHESIVE TO RELEASE ANY AIR BUBBLES. REPEAT THIS PROCESS FOR
THE ROLLED HALF OF THE SHEET, AND THEN ROLL THE OTHER SIDE AND
REPEAT THE ENTIRE PROCESS TO COMPLETE THE FLOOR. BE SURE TO
CLEAN UP ANY ADHESIVE THAT MAY HAVE GOTTEN ONTO THE SURFACE
OF THE VINYL OR LINOLEUM FLOORING RIGHT AWAY TO AVOID.
 AS WITH SHEET FLOORING, KEEP YOUR VINYL OR LINOLEUM TILES IN THE
ROOM YOU WILL BE INSTALLING THEM FOR A FEW DAYS IN ORDER TO
ACHIEVE TEMPERATURE ACCLIMATION.
•ONCE YOU HAVE PREPARED THE SUB-FLOOR AND EMPTIED HALF OR ALL
THE ROOM, YOU ARE READY TO BEGIN.
• YOU MAY WANT TO APPLY A COAT OF WATER-RESISTANT PORTLAND
CEMENT OVER THE SUB-FLOOR TO CREATE A SMOOTHER SURFACE FOR
YOUR FLOORING TILES, ESPECIALLY IF THEY ARE SELF-ADHESIVE.
• MEASURE AND MARK CHALK LINES ON THE FLOOR SURFACE TO DENOTE
WHERE THE TILES WILL BE LAID.
• THIS SHOULD BE A FAIRLY STRAIGHTFORWARD GRID PROCESS, AS
FLOORING TILES ARE EITHER 12- OR 18-INCH SQUARES.
• CUT ANY CORNER, ANGLED, OR PERMANENT FIXTURE TILES, AND DRY
FIT THEM FIRST BEFORE YOU BEGIN THE ADHESIVE PROCESS.
• LAY TILES ONE BY ONE, AND PUSH EACH ONE FIRMLY INTO PLACE WITH A
HAND ROLLER.
 CONCRETE FLOORING

 IN INDIA, IS A MOST PREFERRED INDUSTRIAL FLOORING

MATERIAL. BEING THE MOST VERSATILE FLOORING MATERIAL,
CONCRETE OFFERS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TO THE FLOOR
THAT IS ABOUT 60% HIGHER THAN USUAL FLOORING SOLUTIONS
USED.

 THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF FLOORING TILES INCREASES BY 70%

IN CASE OF CONCRETE FLOORING.
THE SURFACE FINISHING FOR CONCRETE FLOORING DOES NOT
REQUIRE CEMENT THEREBY REDUCING THE RAW MATERIAL
COSTS IN THIS REGARD.

 IN ADDITION TO THIS THE FLOOR BECOMES ABRASION

RESISTANT AND THE FLOOR WRAPPING IS REDUCED
CONSIDERABLY. FOR ALL KINDS OF CONCRETE SURFACES,
CONCRETE SEALERS, COLOR HARDENERS AND ADMIXTURES ARE
ALSO AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET THAT MAKE THE CONCRETE
 EPOXY FLOORING
EPOXY COATINGS ARE ONE OF THE MATERIALS WHICH
IS USED AS A PROTECTION MEASURES TO PREVENT
THE WEAR AND TEAR OF THE FLOORS.
• USES
IT CAN BE USED WHEREVER THE EXISTING FLOOR IS IN
A WORN AND DETERIORATED CONDITION RESULTING
FROM HEAVY ABRASIVE ACTIVITY AND/OR CHEMICAL
SPILLAGE.
PROCESS
• CONCRETE FLOORS MUST BE CLEANED.
• ALL LOOSE AND DETERIORATED MATERIAL MUST BE REMOVED AND
THE ENTIRE FLOOR PREPARED BY SCARIFICATION, SHOT-BLASTING,
SANDING, OR GRINDING.

• EPOXY PRIMER IS APPLIED TO THE PREPARED FLOOR SURFACE.

• EPOXY FLOORING IS THEN MIXED AND APPLIED OVER THE FLOOR AT A
THICKNESS RANGE OF 1/8" TO 1/4" DEPENDING UPON THE ANTICIPATED
ACTIVITY IN THE AREA WHERE THE NEW FLOORING IS TO BE INSTALLED.
• THE SURFACE IS TO BE TROWELLED TO A DESIRED FINISH.
• AFTER EPOXY FLOORING HAS SET SUFFICIENTLY, AN APPLICATION OF
EPOXY COATING MAY BE APPLIED TO THE SURFACE IN THE MANNER
NECESSARY TO PROVIDE THE FINAL FINISHED TEXTURE BY ROLLER OR
TROWEL.
 TRIMIX FLOORING
• FLOORS IN FACTORIES AND INDUSTRIES HAVE CONCRETE BEING
THE MOST VERSATILE OF FLOORING MATERIAL, HAS BEEN IN USE
FOR A LONG TIME. TO OVERCOME THE DEFICIENCIES OF
CONCRETE A SYSTEM WAS DEVISED TO IMPROVE THE
PROPERTIES OF SUCH CONCRETE FLOORS. THIS SYSTEM IS
"VACUUM DEWATERED FLOORS".
• IT IS A MODIFIED, STYRENE-BUTADIENE COPOLYMER, CONCRETE
ADDITIVE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE HIGH PERFORMANCE
CONCRETE, GROUT AND/ OR MORTAR MIXES.

PROCEDURE
THE METHOD INVOLVES LAYING THE FLOOR IN THE FOLLOWING
SEQUENCE:
CONCRETING IN THE CONVENTIONAL WAY BUT WITH A HIGHER
SLUMP SO THAT WORKABILITY IS GOOD AND CONCRETE
POURING AND SPREADING IS DONE FAST.
POKER VIBRATION (SPECIALLY ON BOTH SIDES OF THE PANEL) IS
ALWAYS ESSENTIAL FOR FLOOR THICKNESS OF 100 MM AND
ABOVE.
SURFACE VIBRATION USING DOUBLE BEAM SURFACE VIBRATOR.
LEVELLING THE VIBRATED SURFACE WITH A STRAIGHT EDGE.
THEN A SYSTEM OF LOWER MATS & TOP MAT IS LAID ON THE GREEN
CONCRETE & THIS IS ATTACHED TO A VACUUM PUMP.
THIS DRAWS OUT EXCESS WATER
FLOATING AND TOWELLING OF THE CONCRETE PAVEMENTS USING
SKIMFLOATERS
FALSE FLOORING
•FALSE FLOORING IS USED FOR BUILDINGS WITH HIGH SERVICE
REQUIREMENT MOSTLY OFFICES WHICH CARRIES HIGH AMOUNT OF
CABLES ETC.
• AND SOMETIMES AIR-CONDITIONER, WATER SUPPLY PIPES.
• AND IT ALSO MOSTELY USED IN COMPUTER ROOMS FOR ROUTING
CABLES UNDER FLOOR.
• THE FLOOR PANEL SHOULD BE MADE OF 35MM THICK ‘NOVA TEAK
SUPER’ PARTICLE BOARD, 2MM THICK PVC TILES ON TOP SURFACE AND
THE UNDERSIDE SHOULD BE COATED WITH FIRE RESISTANT PAINT.
• THE EDGES OF FLOOR PANEL MIGHT EXPOSE PVC EDGING.
• THE ENTIRE FLOOR SHOULD BE CAPABLE TO TAKE DISTRIBUTED LOAD
OF 1200 KG. PER SQ/M.
• ADDITIONAL STRUCTURAL SUPPORT AND LIGHTING ARE OFTEN
PROVIDED WHEN A FLOOR IS RAISED ENOUGH FOR A PERSON TO CRAWL
OR EVEN WALK BENEATH.
• THIS TYPE OF FLOOR CONSISTS OF GRIDDED METAL FRAME WORK OR
UNDERSTRUCTURE OF ADJUSTABLE-HEIGHT LEGS (“CALLED PEDESTAL”)
THAT PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR INDIVIDUAL FLOOR PANELS, WHICH ARE
USUALLY BY 2 X 2 FEET OR 60 X 60 CMS IN SIZE.
•THE HEIGHT OF THE LEGS/PEDESTALS IS DICTATED BY THE VOLUME OF
CABLE AND OTHER SERVICES PROVIDED BENEATH, BUT TYPICALLY
ARRANGED FOR CLEARANCE OF AT LEAST SIX INCHES OR 15CMS.
• THE HEIGHT OF THE LEGS/PEDESTALS IS DICTATED BY THE VOLUME OF
CABLE AND OTHER SERVICES PROVIDED BENEATH, BUT TYPICALLY
ARRANGED FOR CLEARANCE OF AT LEAST SIX INCHES OR 15CMS.
•THE PANELS ARE NORMALLY MADE OF STEEL-CLAD PARTICLE BOARD OR A
STEEL PANEL WITH A CEMENTITIOUS INTERNAL CORE. THERE ARE A
VARIETY OF FLOORING FINISHES TO SUIT THE APPLICATION SUCH AS
CARPETS, HIGH PRESSURE LAMINATES, MARBLE, STONE, AND ANTI-STATIC
FINISHES FOR USE IN COMPUTER ROOMS AND LABORATORIES.

SPECIFICATIONS OF FALSE FLOORING:

•P/F FALSE FLOORING WITH 115MM DIAMETER PRESSURE DIE-CAST ALLOY
BASE WITH 25MM DIAMETER M.S. ROD OF 200MM LENGTH.
•THE TOP PORTION OF THE ROD SHALL BE THREADED AND WILL HAVE ONE
NUT AND ONE CHECK-NUT FOR POSITIVE LOCKING.
•THE JACKS HEAD SHALL ALSO BE OF PRESSURE DIE-CAST.
•THE ENTIRE M.S.CHANNEL FRAMING AND M.S. ROD SHALL BE ELECTRO
GALVANIZED.
THE FLOOR PANEL SHALL BE MADE OF 35MM THICK NOVATEAK SUPER PARTICLE BOARD, 2MM THICK PVC TILES ON TOP SURFACE,
THE UNDERSIDE SHALL BE COATED WITH FIRE RESISTANT PAINT. THE EDGES OF THE FLOOR PANEL SHALL HAVE EXPOSED PVC
EDGING.

THE ENTIRE FLOOR SHALL BE CAPABLE TO TAKE UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD OF 1,200 KG. PER SQ/M. AND A SAFE POINT LOAD
OF 400 KG. AT THE CENTER OF PANEL WITH A MAXIMUM DEFLECTION OF 2MM.

Benefits for Raised/Access Flooring :

100% INTER CHANGEABLE PANELS.
LIGHT WEIGHT FOR EASE OF HANDLING.
EXCELLENT GROUNDING AND ELECTRICAL CONTINUITY.
COMPLETELY NON - COMBUSTIBLE.
EXCELLENT LOAD BEARING CAPABILITIES FOR VARIOUS LOADING REQUIREMENTS.
EASY AND FAST APPROACH TO CONCEALED WIRES, CABLES, BOXES ETC.
FAST INSTALLATION AND EASY TO SERVICE AND USE.
SUPERIOR LOAD BEARING CAPABILITIES,
HIGH WEAR RESISTANT
EXCELLENT ANTI - STATIC PROPERTIES
TILE SIZE -- 600MM X 600MM
THICKNESS -- 35 MM

THESE RAISED FLOOR SYSTEM AND FALSE FLOOR SYSTEM CONSISTS OF

STEEL CEMENT PANELS, STRINGERS, AND STEEL PEDESTALS.
THE FLOOR PANELS OF FALSE FLOOR SYSTEM ARE EPOXY COATED UNITIZED
SHELLS CONSISTING OF A FLAT STEEL TOP SHEET WELDED TO A FORMED
STEEL BOTTOM SHEET FILLED WITH A HIGHLY CONTROLLED MIXTURE OF
LIGHTWEIGHT CEMENT.
THESE NON – COMBUSTIBLE, RIGID, SOLID PANELS ARE HIGHLY DEPENDABLE
AND UNIVERSALLY USED .
THE SYSTEM CAN BE CLASSIFIED
AS :
A) STRINGER BASED SYSTEM
B) STRINGER FREE - CORNER LOCK
SYSTEM

A) STRINGER BASED SYSTEM THIS

SYSTEM BASED UNDERSTRUCTURE
CREATES A 6000MM X 600MM GRID
AND ENHANCES STABILITY AND
IMPROVES LOADING PERFORMANCE.
THIS SYSTEM CAN PROVIDE A
FINISHED FLOOR HEIGHT ( FFH) OF
70MM UPTO 1200MM.

B) STRINGER FREE - CORNER LOCK

SYSTEM
IDEAL FOR LOW HEIGHT OFFICE
FLOORS, IT CONSISTS OF ONLY
PEDESTALS AS UNDERSTRUCTURE.
STRINGERS ARE NOT USED FOR
LATERAL AND LOADING SUPPORT. AS
PEDESTAL IN THIS SYSTEM DO NOT
HAVE STRINGERS SO WHEN PANELS
ARE OPENED THE FLOOR BELOW IS