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    Groundwater04

    Uploaded by

    Ibale, Arjay D.
    GROUND WATER STUDY NOTES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Groundwater04

    Uploaded by

    Ibale, Arjay D.
    0 views15 pages
    GROUND WATER STUDY NOTES

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    GROUND WATER STUDY NOTES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    0 views15 pages

    Groundwater04

    Uploaded by

    Ibale, Arjay D.
    GROUND WATER STUDY NOTES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Soil properties related to

    water
    𝑊𝑑 𝑉𝑠
    𝑊 𝑡 =𝑊 𝑤 +𝑊 𝑑
    𝑊𝑤 𝑉 𝑤
    𝑉 𝑣 =𝑉 𝑤 +𝑉 𝑎
    𝑊 𝑎 ≈ 0𝑉 𝑎

    𝑉𝑣
    Porosity 𝛼=
    𝑉𝑡
    𝑉𝑤
    Volumetric Water Content 𝜃=𝜃 𝑣 =
    𝑉𝑡
    𝑊𝑤
    Gravimetric Water Content 𝜃𝑑 =
    𝑊𝑡
    𝜃𝑣
    Saturation Percentage 𝑆=
    𝛼
    Text Correction

    𝑊𝑇
    Macroscopic and microscopic concepts of
    a porous medium. (from Freeze and
    Cherry, 1979)
    0.002 mm 0.05 mm 2 mm
    100
    90 , Gravel
    Clay Silt Sand
    nd
    Percentage finer by weight
    s a
    80 s ilt, re
    a d ed ixtu
    70 r
    e ll g avel m
    W gr
    60

    nd
    50

    d sa
    40

    yg rade
    30

    rml
    20

    fo
    Uni
    10
    0
    0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
    Diameter (mm)

    Illustrative grain-size distribution curves. The boundaries between size


    classes designated as clay, silt, sand and gravel are shown as vertical
    lines.
    Soil Texture Triangle

    From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology


    Example 2.5.1
    Estimate the average drawdown over an area
    where 25 million m3 of water has been
    pumped through a number of uniformly
    distributed wells. The area is 150 km2 and the
    specific yield of the aquifer is 25%.
    From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology
    Estimate the average drawdown over an area where
    25 million m3 of water has been pumped through a
    number of uniformly distributed wells. The area is
    150 km2 and the specific yield of the aquifer is 25%.

    Now suppose that for this same aquifer there is 0.1


    m of infiltration from rainfall. How much would the
    aquifer rise
    A. 0.1 m, B. 0.2 m, C. 0.3
    D. 0.4 m, E. 0.5 m
    Vertical Distribution of Subsurface Water

    From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology


    Rise of water above water table – due to capillary effects
    Water in capillaries is at negative pressure, i.e. under suction or tension

    From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology


    Tensiometer for measuring water tension

    From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology


    gative Pressure Head. Suction vs Moisture con

    (from Freeze and Cherry,


    1979)
    Suction head -||

    Moisture Content 
    Illustration of capillary rise due to surface tension and
    relationship between pore size distribution and soil water
    retention curve.
    Storage Coefficient for (a) confined and (b) unconfined aquifers

    From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology


    Example 2.8.2
    Determine the volume of water released by
    lowering the piezometric surface of a
    confined aquifer by 5 m over an area of 1
    km2. The aquifer is 35 m thick and has a
    storage coefficient of 8.3 x 10-3.

    What is the specific storage of this aquifer

    If the aquifer was 50 m thick, what would the


    storage coefficient and volume of water
    released be?

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