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    DI-VS.-SIADH

    Uploaded by

    Talha John Paul

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    DI-VS.-SIADH

    Uploaded by

    Talha John Paul
    2 views17 pages

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    2 views17 pages

    DI-VS.-SIADH

    Uploaded by

    Talha John Paul

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Diabetes

    Insipidus
    vs.
    SIADH
    Difference of DI and SIADH
    FEATURE DIABETES INSIPIDUS (DI) (SIADH)

    ADH LEVEL Increased Decreased or ineffective


    URINE OUTPUT Decreased Increased

    FLUID BALANCE Water Retention Water Loss

    BLOOD SODIUM Decreased (hyponatremia) Increased (hypernatremia)


    LEVEL

    SYMPTOMS Confusion, lethargy, Excessive thirst, frequent


    seizures, weight gain urination, dehydration

    TREATMENT Fluid restriction, diuretics, Fluid replacement,


    Medication to block ADH medications to increase ADH
    (desmopressin)
    Diabetes
    Insipidus (DI)
    DEFINITION
    Diabetes Insipidus:

    • Excretion of large amounts of dilute


    urine and increased
    thirst(POLYDIPSIA).
    • problem of vasopressin
    hormone(ADH)
    TYPES:
    Two types of DIABETES INSIPIDUS:

    1. CENTRAL DIABETES INSIPIDUS


    - due to damage of Hypothalamus or
    Pituitary Gland

    2. NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS


    - due to kidney disease.
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
    -Diabetes Insipidus (DI) refers to a group of
    disorders that result in an inability of the kidneys to
    concentrate urine, leading to excessive urination
    (polyuria) and thirst (polydipsia).
    -The disease process depends on the underlying
    cause, but generally involves a disruption in the
    normal action or production of antidiuretic
    hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin,
    which plays a crucial role in regulating the body’s
    water balance.
    Diagnostic Evaluation
    and Laboratory Test
    To confirm the diagnosis of DI and differentiate between its
    forms:
     Water deprivation test:(primary diagnosis): A test
    where water intake is rbestricted, and urine output is
    monitored.
     ADH levels: Measurement of ADH in the blood helps
    determine if the cause is central (low ADH) or nephrogenic
    (normal or high ADH).
    Vasopressin (ADH) challenge test: Administering
    synthetic ADH (desmopressin) can differentiate between
    central and nephrogenic DI.
    CLINICAL MANIFESTATION 3P’s
    • POLYDIPSIA

    • POLYURIA

    • POLYPHAGIA
    Management:
    Central DI: Desmopressin (synthetic ADH) is
    used to replace the missing hormone.
    Nephrogenic DI: Treatment focuses on
    managing the underlying cause and may include
    the use of thiazide diuretics, low-salt diet, and
    sometimes prostaglandin inhibitors to help the
    kidneys concentrate urine.
    Dipsogenic DI: Managed with fluid restriction
    and addressing the underlying cause.
    Gestational DI: Treated with desmopressin
    Syndrome of
    nappropriate Antidiuretic
    Hormone Secretion
    (SIADH)
    DEFINITION
    Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic
    Hormone Secretion:

    • A condition characterized by
    excessive secretion of
    antidiuretic hormone (ADH),
    leading to water retention and
    hyponatremia.
    SIGN AND SYMPTOMS:

    Neurological: Confusion, Lethargy, Headache,


    Seizures, Coma
    Gastrointestinal: Anorexia, Nausea, Vomiting
    Other: Weight gain without edema
    Muscle weakness

    Hallmark: Hyponatremia
    Management:
    Mild Hyponatremia:
    • Fluid restriction
    • Moderate to Severe Hyponatremia:
    • Fluid restriction
    • Hypertonic saline administration
    • Diuretics (e.g., loop diuretics)
    Underlying Cause Treatment:
    Addressing underlying conditions like lung cancer,
    brain tumors, or medications
    Management:
    Mild Hyponatremia:
    • Fluid restriction
    • Moderate to Severe Hyponatremia:
    • Fluid restriction
    • Hypertonic saline administration
    • Diuretics (e.g., loop diuretics)
    Underlying Cause Treatment:
    Addressing underlying conditions like lung cancer,
    brain tumors, or medications
    Nursing Intervention:
    • Assessment:
    -Monitor for neurological changes, fluid intake and
    output, and electrolyte levels.
    • Fluid Restriction:
    -Restrict fluid intake as prescribed.
    • Medication Administration:
    -Administer diuretics or hypertonic saline as ordered.
    Safety Measures:
    -Implement fall precautions due to potential neurological
    changes.
    Patient Education:
    - Educate the patient and family about the condition,
    treatment plan, and the importance of fluid restriction.
    Health Teaching:

    -Explain the condition and its causes


    Discuss the importance of fluid restriction
    -Instruct on recognizing symptoms of
    hyponatremia
    -Teach self-care measures, such as monitoring
    fluid intake and weight
    -Encourage regular follow-up with healthcare
    provider
    THANK
    YOU!

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