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    Diabetes Insipidus

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    QneeNee
    Diabetes insipidus is caused by a decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin, which results in excessive urine production and thirst. There are two main types: neurogenic diabetes insipidus caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by a defect in the kidneys' ability to reabsorb water. Symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve vasopressin administration, managing fluid intake, or drugs that lower urine output.

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    Diabetes Insipidus

    Uploaded by

    QneeNee
    27 views2 pages
    Diabetes insipidus is caused by a decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin, which results in excessive urine production and thirst. There are two main types: neurogenic diabetes insipidus caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by a defect in the kidneys' ability to reabsorb water. Symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve vasopressin administration, managing fluid intake, or drugs that lower urine output.

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    Diabetes insipidus is caused by a decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin, which results in excessive urine production and thirst. There are two main types: neurogenic diabetes insipidus caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by a defect in the kidneys' ability to reabsorb water. Symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve vasopressin administration, managing fluid intake, or drugs that lower urine output.

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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    27 views2 pages

    Diabetes Insipidus

    Uploaded by

    QneeNee
    Diabetes insipidus is caused by a decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin, which results in excessive urine production and thirst. There are two main types: neurogenic diabetes insipidus caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by a defect in the kidneys' ability to reabsorb water. Symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve vasopressin administration, managing fluid intake, or drugs that lower urine output.

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    of 2

    Diabetes insipidus

    decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as arginine


    vasopressin (AVP), that results in polyuria and polydipsia by diminishing the
    patient's ability to concentrate urine
    pathophysiology
    o ADH is the primary determinant of free water excretion in the body. Its
    main target is the kidney, where it acts by altering the water
    permeability of the cortical and medullary collecting tubules. Water is
    reabsorbed by osmotic equilibration with the hypertonic interstitium
    and returned to the systemic circulation. The actions of ADH are
    mediated through at least 2 receptorsV1 mediates vasoconstriction,
    enhancement of corticotrophin release, and renal prostaglandin
    synthesis; V2 mediates the antidiuretic response
    Sign and symptom
    o Polyuria
    o Polydipsia
    o Dehydration
    o Low blood pressure
    o Hypovalemic Shock
    o Electrolyte imbalance fatigue, headache, muscle pain
    Type
    o Neurogenic
    caused by damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland as a
    result of:

    Head injury

    Infection

    Surgery

    Tumor

    o Nephrogenic

    Diagnosis

    defect in the parts of the kidneys that reabsorb water back into
    the bloodstream

    Certain drugs (such as lithium, amphotericin B, and


    demeclocycline)

    High levels of calcium in the body (hypercalcemia)

    Kidney disease (such as polycystic kidney disease)

    o first test the urine for sugar to rule out diabetes mellitus
    o Blood tests show abnormal levels of many electrolytes, including a high
    level of sodium

    o best test is a water deprivation test, in which urine production, blood


    electrolyte levels, and weight are measured regularly for a period of
    about 12 hours, during which the person is not allowed to drink

    o MRI of the head


    o Urinalysis
    o Urine output

    Treatment
    o cause of the underlying condition should be treated when possible
    o Central diabetes insipidus may be controlled with vasopressin (desmopressin,
    DDAVP). You take vasopressin as either a nasal spray or tablets.
    o If nephrogenic DI is caused by medication (for example, lithium), stopping the
    medication may help restore normal kidney function. However, after many years
    of lithium use, the nephrogenic DI may be permanent.
    o Hereditary nephrogenic DI and lithium-induced nephrogenic DI are treated by
    drinking enough fluids to match urine output and with drugs that lower urine
    output. Drugs used to treat nephrogenic DI include:

    Anti-inflammatory medication (indomethacin)

    Diuretics [hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and amiloride]

    o vasopressin analogues, as well as chlorpropamide, carbamazepine,


    clofibrate (no longer on US market), thiazides, and indomethacin

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