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    Diabetes Insipidus

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    Anil Yadav
    This document provides an overview of diabetes insipidus, a disorder characterized by excessive urination and thirst. There are two main types - central diabetes insipidus caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the pituitary gland, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by kidney insensitivity to antidiuretic hormone. Treatment involves medications like desmopressin acetate to replace antidiuretic hormone and ensure access to water. Prognosis is generally good if the condition is managed properly to prevent dehydration.

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    Diabetes Insipidus

    Uploaded by

    Anil Yadav
    70 views11 pages
    This document provides an overview of diabetes insipidus, a disorder characterized by excessive urination and thirst. There are two main types - central diabetes insipidus caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the pituitary gland, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by kidney insensitivity to antidiuretic hormone. Treatment involves medications like desmopressin acetate to replace antidiuretic hormone and ensure access to water. Prognosis is generally good if the condition is managed properly to prevent dehydration.

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    This document provides an overview of diabetes insipidus, a disorder characterized by excessive urination and thirst. There are two main types - central diabetes insipidus caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the pituitary gland, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by kidney insensitivity to antidiuretic hormone. Treatment involves medications like desmopressin acetate to replace antidiuretic hormone and ensure access to water. Prognosis is generally good if the condition is managed properly to prevent dehydration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    70 views11 pages

    Diabetes Insipidus

    Uploaded by

    Anil Yadav
    This document provides an overview of diabetes insipidus, a disorder characterized by excessive urination and thirst. There are two main types - central diabetes insipidus caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the pituitary gland, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by kidney insensitivity to antidiuretic hormone. Treatment involves medications like desmopressin acetate to replace antidiuretic hormone and ensure access to water. Prognosis is generally good if the condition is managed properly to prevent dehydration.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    DIABETES

    INSIPIDUS
    (WATER DIABETES)

    PRESENTED BY:
    BIBAS BAHADUR TIWARI(14)
    BICKAL GAUTAM(15)
    BINITA KUNWAR(16)
    BINITA POUDEL(17)
    OVERVIEW
    • Diabetes insipidus is a disorder of water metabolism
    • characterized by excessive urination (known as “polyuria”)
    and excessive thirst (known as “polydipsia”)
    • the urine is very watery with low levels of dissolved substances
    (such as salt)—the urine is described as having a low specific
    gravity or osmolality on the urinalysis; so-called “insipid urine” or
    “tasteless urine”
    SIGNALMENT/DESCRIPTION OF
    PET
    Species
    • Dogs
    • Cats
    Mean Age and Range
    • Congenital (present at birth) forms—less than 1 year of age
    • Acquired (condition develops at some time after birth) forms
    (such as caused by cancer or trauma or for unknown reasons
    [known as “idiopathic”])—any age
    SIGNS/OBSERVED CHANGES IN
    THE PET

    • Excessive urination (polyuria)


    • Excessive thirst (polydipsia)
    • Inability to control urination (incontinence) —occasional
    CAUSES
    • Two general types of diabetes insipidus have been identified, based on the
    location of the water metabolism defect.

    1. Inadequate Secretion of ADH by the Pituitary Gland (Central Diabetes Insipidus)


    • Congenital defect
    • Unknown problem in the pituitary gland (idiopathic)
    • Trauma to the brain/pituitary gland
    • Cancer
    CAUSES

    2. Kidney Insensitivity to ADH (Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus)


    • Congenital
    • Secondary to drugs (such as lithium, demeclocycline, and methoxyflurane)
    • Secondary to hormone/endocrine and metabolic disorders (such as excessive production
    of steroids by the adrenal glands [known as “hyperadrenocorticism” or “Cushing's
    syndrome”], low potassium levels in the blood [known as “hypokalemia”], accumulation
    of pus in the uterus [known as “pyometra”], and high calcium levels in the blood [known
    as “hypercalcemia”])
    • Secondary to kidney disease or infection (such as inflammation and/or infection of the
    kidney [known as “pyelonephritis”], chronic kidney failure, kidney disease related to
    accumulation of pus in the uterus [pyometra])
    TREATMENT

    1. HEALTH CARE
    • Pets should be hospitalized for the modified water deprivation test; the
    ADH trial uses synthetic antidiuretic
    • hormone administered to the pet to determine if the kidneys will respond
    —it often is performed as an outpatient procedure
    2. DIET
    • Normal, with free access to water AT ALL TIMES
    MEDICATIONS

    • Central diabetes insipidus


    • desmopressin acetate or DDAVP is a synthetic antidiuretic
    hormone; intranasal and oral preparations are available
    • Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus—hydrochlorothiazide
    • Chlorpropamide (Diabinese) may reduce excessive urination
    and thirst in cases of central diabetes insipidus
    FOLLOW-UP CARE

    • PATIENT MONITORING
    • Treatment is adjusted according to the pet's signs; the ideal dosage and frequency of
    DDAVP administration is based on water intake.
    • Laboratory tests, such as packed cell volume (PCV), total solids, and serum sodium
    concentration: to detect dehydration (could indicate inadequate DDAVP replacement)
    • PREVENTIONS AND AVOIDANCE
    • Avoid circumstances that might increase water loss markedly
    • Ensure free access to water at all times to prevent dehydration
    FOLLOW-UP CARE

    • POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS
    • Complications of primary disease (for example, pituitary tumor)
    • EXPECTED COURSE AND PROGNOSIS
    • The condition is usually permanent, except in rare pets in which the
    condition was trauma induced
    • Prognosis is generally good, depending on the underlying disorder
    • Without treatment, dehydration can lead to stupor, coma, and death
    THANK YOU

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