trickling filter

TRICKLING
FILTER
INTRODUCTION
A trickling filter is a type of
wastewater treatment system. It
consists of a fixed bed of rocks,
coke, gravel, slag, polyurethane
foam, sphagnum peat moss,
ceramic, or plastic media over
which sewage or other wastewater
flows downward and causes a layer
of microbial slime (biofilm) to grow,
COMPONENTS OF TRICKLING
FILTER
1. a bed of filter medium upon which
a layer of microbial slime is
promoted and developed;
2. an enclosure or a container which
houses the bed of filter medium;
3. a system for distributing the flow
of wastewater over the filter
medium; and
4. a system for removing and
disposing of any sludge from the
WORKING OF TRICKLING FILTER
• The settled sewage flow enters at a high level and flows
through the primary settlement tank. The supernatant from the
tank flows into a dosing device, often a tipping bucket which
delivers flow to th
• The flush of water flows through the arms and exits through a
series of holes pointing at an angle downwardse arms of the
filter.
• This propels the arms around distributing the liquid evenly over
the surface of the filter media.
WORKING OF TRICKLING FILTER
• The removal of pollutants from the waste water stream involves both
absorption and adsorption of organic compounds and some inorganic
species (such as nitrite and nitrate ions) by the layer of microbial
biofilm. The filter media is typically chosen to provide a very high
surface-to-volume ratio.
• in addition to the external surface of the medium. Passage of the
wastewater over the media provides dissolved oxygen, which the
biofilm layer requires for the biochemical oxidation of the organic
compounds and releases carbon dioxide gas, water and other oxidized
end products.
• the biofilm layer thickens, it eventually sloughs off into the liquid
flow and subsequently forms part of the secondary sludge.
• a trickling filter is followed by a clarifier or sedimentation tank
for the separation and removal of the sloughed film. Filters
utilizing higher-density media, such as sand, foam and peat moss
do not produce a sludge that must be removed, but may require
forced air blowers, backwashing, and/or an enclosed anaerobic
environment.
TYPES OF TRICKLING
FILTER
ROCK MEDIA PLASTIC

FILTERS MEDIA
ROCK MEDIA TRICKLING
FILTER
1. Rock media filters are a type of water
treatment system used to remove
pollutants from water.
2. The filter medium consists of a bed of
rocks or gravel that traps suspended
solids and other contaminants as water
flows through it.
3. Water is distributed uniformly over the
media surface to allow for optimal flow
FILTER
1. The size of the rock media should be
between 10 and 60 mm, with a
uniformity coefficient not exceeding 1.7.
2. The shape of the rocks should be angular
or sub-angular, with a minimum crushing
strength of
1.5 MPa.
3. The depth of the media bed should be
between 0.9 and 1.5 m, depending on
the design flow rate and filtration
FILTER
• Effective filtration
• Long lifespan
Advantages •
•
Low energy consumption
Low maintenance
• Versatile
• Limited filtration capacity

• Clogging
Disadvanta • High installation costs
ges • Space requirements
• Risk of biofouling
FILTER
PLASTIC MEDIA TRICKLING
FILTER
1. Plastic media filters are water treatment
systems that use plastic materials as a
filter medium.
2. The plastic media filter bed traps and
removes suspended solids, turbidity, and
other contaminants from water as it
flows through.
3. Plastic media filters come in various
shapes and sizes and can be used for
FILTER
1. The minimum bed depth of the filter
media should be 1.2 meters.
2. The maximum design flow rate should
not exceed 40 cubic meters per hour
per square meter of filter bed area.
3. The plastic filter media should be made
of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or
polypropylene (PP) and should have a
specific gravity between 0.90 and 0.95.
FILTER
• Lightweight and easy to install.
• Minimum maintenance.
Advantages • Corrosion resistance and have
long lifespan.
• Low head loss.
• Higher initial cost.

• Frequent backwashing is
Disadvantages needed.
• Plastic will damage in higher
temperature.
FILTER
TRICKLING FILTER
PARAMETERS
1. Loading rate: 1-2 kg of BOD per cubic meter of media per d
2. Hydraulic loading rate: 2-4 m^3/m^2 of media per day.
3. Media type and size: Crushed stones with a size of 20-60 m
4. Recirculation rate: 25-50% of treated wastewater.
5. Air supply: Natural convection is usually sufficient,
but forced air circulation may be required in some cases.
6. pH control: pH should be maintained between 6.5 and 8.5.
7. Temperature control: No specific temperature control
requirements
are mentioned in the CPHEEO manual.
OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE
1. Regular monitoring of wastewater, filter performance,
and effluent quality.
2. Media maintenance to prevent clogging and maintain
optimal bacterial growth.
3. Air supply maintenance to ensure proper bacterial
growth.
4. Recirculation maintenance to prevent clogging.
5. pH and temperature control, if necessary, through
regular monitoring and adjustment.
6. Sludge removal to maintain optimal filter performance.
7. Safety measures, including ventilation and personal
protective equipment, for worker safety.
CONCLUSION
1. Trickling filters are an effective and proven method for
wastewater treatment.
2. They offer several advantages, including low cost,
energy efficiency, and low sludge production.
3. While there are some disadvantages and challenges
associated with trickling filters, these can be addressed
through proper design, operation, and maintenance.
4. As society focuses on sustainability and environmental
protection, trickling filters will play an important role in
promoting clean water and a healthy planet.
THAN
KYOU

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TRICKLING

ROCK MEDIA PLASTIC

• Limited filtration capacity

• Higher initial cost.

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