Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1 views

    Shallow Surface Compaction

    Uploaded by

    Nam Truong

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Shallow Surface Compaction

    Uploaded by

    Nam Truong
    1 views21 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    1 views21 pages

    Shallow Surface Compaction

    Uploaded by

    Nam Truong

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    SHALLOW SURFACE

    COMPACTION

    DONE BY :
    Abdulmajeed alsultan

    1
    Outline

    1. Soil Improvement
    2. Compaction
    3. Field Compaction Equipment
    4. Field Compaction Testing

    2
    Soil Improvement

    3
    Methods for Soil Improvement
    Ground Ground Ground
    Reinforcement Improvement Treatment
    • Stone Columns • Drainage/Surcharge • Soil Cement
    • Soil Nails • Electro-osmosis • Lime Admixtures
    • Deep Soil Nailing • Compaction grouting • Flyash
    • Micropiles (Mini-piles) • Blasting • Dewatering
    • Jet Grouting • Surface Compaction • Heating/Freezing
    • Ground Anchors • Deep Dynamic • Vitrification
    • Geosynthetics Compaction
    • Fiber Reinforcement
    • Lime Columns
    • Vibro-Concrete Column
    • Mechanically Stabilized
    Earth
    • Biotechnical

    4
    Compaction

    5
    Objectives of compaction

    Objectives:
    (1) Decrease future settlements
    (2) Increase shear strength
    (3) Decrease permeability
    (4) Control swelling and contraction
    (5) Increases slope stability of embankments

    6
    Compaction
    What is different between compaction and Consolidation ?

    Compaction
    Densification of soil by removing air from the voids.

    Consolidation
    Densification of soil by removing water from the voids.

    7
    Types of Compaction

    Types of Compaction :
    There are four types of compaction effort on soil :
    • Vibration
    • Impact
    • Kneading
    • Pressure

    SATURATED SOIL NOT COMPACTABLE

    8
    Field Compaction Equipment

    9
    Equipment

    Smooth-wheel roller (drum)

    • 100% coverage under the wheel


    • Contact pressure up to 400 kPa
    • Can be used on all soil types
    except for rocky soils
    • Compactive effort : static weight

    10
    Equipment

    Pneumatic (or rubber-tired) roller


    • 80% coverage under the wheel
    • Contact pressure up to 700 kPa

    • 7 to 13 wheels are arranged in


    two rows.
    • Can be used for both granular and
    fine-grained soils.
    • Compactive effort : static weight
    and kneading.

    11
    Equipment

    Sheepsfoot rollers

    • 8% ~ 12 % coverage
    • Contact pressure is from 1400 to
    7000 kPa.
    • Compactive effort: static weight
    and kneading.

    12
    Equipment

    Sheepsfoot rollers
    • Suitable for :
    – fine grained soils
    – sands and gravels (with >20% fines)

    • Unsuitable for:
    – very coarse soils
    – uniform gravels

    13
    Equipment

    Mesh (or grid pattern) roller

    • 50% coverage
    • Masses range from 5-12 Tones
    • Contact pressure is from 1400 to
    6200 kPa
    • Compactive effort: static weight
    and vibration.

    14
    Equipment

    Mesh (or grid pattern) roller

    • Suitable for:
    – well-graded sands
    – soft rocks
    – stony soils with fine fractions

    • Unsuitable for:
    – uniform sands
    – Silty sands
    – Very soft clays

    15
    Equipment

    Vibrating drum on smooth-wheel roller

    • Compactive effort: static weight


    and vibration.
    • Suitable for granular soils

    16
    Equipment

    Vibrating Plate :

    • Suitable for :
    – most soils with low to moderate
    fines content

    • Unsuitable for:
    – large volume work
    – wet clayey soils

    17
    Equipment

    Power Rammer :

    • Also called a trench tamper

    • Suitable for :
    – trench back-fill
    – work in confined areas

    • Unsuitable for:
    – large volume work

    18
    Variables-Vibratory Compaction
    There are many variables which control the vibratory compaction or
    densification of soils.

    • Characteristics of the compactor:


    (1) Mass, size
    (2) Operating frequency and frequency range

    • Characteristics of the soil:


    (1) Initial density
    (2) Grain size and shape
    (3) Water content

    • Construction procedures:
    (1) Number of passes of the roller
    (2) Lift thickness
    (3) Frequency of operation vibrator
    (4) Towing speed
    19
    Field Compaction
    Testing

    20
    Field Density Testing Method
    Field Density Testing Method

    Sand Cone Balloon Dens meter Shelby Tube Nuclear Gauge

    • Large sample • Fast • Fast


    • Large sample
    Advantages • Direct reading obtained • Deep sample • Easy to redo
    • Accurate
    • Open graded material • Under pipe haunches • More tests (statistical reliability)

    • Many steps
    • Small Sample • No sample
    • Large area required • Slow
    • No gravel • Radiation
    Disadvantages • Slow • Balloon breakage
    • Sample not always • Moisture suspect
    • Halt Equipment • Awkward
    retained • Encourages amateurs
    • Tempting to accept flukes

    • Void under plate • Miscalibrated


    • Surface not level • Overdrive
    • Sand bulking • Rocks in path
    Errors • Soil pumping • Rocks in path
    • Sand compacted • Surface prep required
    • Void under plate • Plastic soil
    • Soil pumping • Backscatter

    Cost • Low • Moderate • Low • High

    21

    You might also like