First Law

Lesson 6.
Newton’s First Law

of Motion
General Physics 1/2

1
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
For many years, people held Aristotle’s
position that the natural conclusion of any
moving object is to come to rest.
2
While this might
appeal suitably to
the common sense,
it took thousands of
years and the
ingenuity of Galileo
Galilei to disprove
that such is not the
case.
3
He conducted
several experiments
on balls and various
surfaces that
eventually led to the
conclusion that
objects possess
“inertia.”
4
In the lesson that follows, we will find out
exactly how another great mind, Sir Isaac
Newton, has kept the ball rolling.
5
How do forces acting on an
object in equilibrium
behave?
6
Learning Competencies
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the
following:
● Define inertial frames of reference
(STEM_GP12N-ld28).
● Apply Newton’s 1st Law to obtain

qualitative and quantitative conclusions
about the contact and non-contact forces
acting on a body in equilibrium
(STEM_GP12N-le33).
7
Learning Competencies
following:
● Solve problems using Newton’s Laws of
Motion in contexts such as, but not
limited to, ropes and pulleys, the design
of mobile sculptures, transport of loads
on conveyor belts, force needed to move
stalled vehicles, and determination of
safe driving speeds on banked curved
roads (STEM_GP12N-le38).
8
Learning Objectives
following:
● Explain the concept of inertial reference

frame.
● Apply the law of inertia to describe the forces

exerted on an object in equilibrium.
● Solve problems related to the law of inertia.
9
The First Law of Motion
● Consider a book being slid by a horizontal force

across a horizontal, rough tabletop.
● After it has been released, the book will slow down
and eventually stop.
What force stopped the book?
10
● What if you slide the same book in a slab of ice.

What is the difference of the outcome when you
slide a book in a table?
● What if you slide the same book in a frictionless

surface with? What do you think will happen?
11
First Law of Motion
When no net force is acting upon an object, it will

remain at rest, or it will move forward with a constant
velocity, such that no net force is required to sustain
its motion.
12
Remember
The first law of motion states that

“every object continues in its state
of rest, or of uniform velocity in a
straight line, as long as no net force
acts on it.”
13
● This tendency of objects to remain in motion is

referred to as inertia, which is also the reason why
Newton’s first law is also called the law of inertia.
14
A spaceship is freely drifting in outer space without any external

forces acting on it. At the specific moment denoted as t0, the
spacecraft activates its engine, applying a constant force in the
direction of its motion. At time t8, the spacecraft's engine is
deactivated.
During the time interval t0 – t8 the speed of the spaceship is:

a. Constant for a while and decreasing thereafter
b. Increasing for a while and constant thereafter
c. Continuously decreasing
d. Continuously increasing
e. Constant
15
Superposition of Forces
Now, let’s consider a laptop on the table.
29
What are the forces that act on it?
30
What are the forces that act on it?
31
Considering superposition of forces:
No net force acts on an object at rest. We say that

the object is in equilibrium.
32
Remember
For an object to be in equilibrium,

either no force must act upon it, or
the resultant of the individual forces
exerted upon it must have a net
force of zero.
33
What does the first law of
motion state?
34
Let’s Practice!
A 0.020-kilogram block of wood with a

constant velocity slides on a rough horizontal
tabletop. If there is an external force of 2.50
newtons exerted upon the block of wood,
calculate the magnitude of the friction force
acting on it.
35
Let’s Practice!
A 0.020-kilogram block of wood with a

constant velocity slides on a rough horizontal
tabletop. If there is an external force of 2.50
newtons exerted upon the block of wood,
calculate the magnitude of the friction force
acting on it.
The magnitude of the friction force acting on

the block of wood is 2.50 N.
36
Let’s Practice!
A 180-pound cargo is found inside a freight

elevator that heads upward at a constant
velocity. The rope of the elevator snapped
which caused it to fall. Determine the (a)
weight of the cargo in N, and (b) the normal
force exerted by the elevator’s floor to the
cargo before and after the rope broke off.
38
Let’s Practice!
A 180-pound cargo is found inside a freight

elevator that heads upward at a constant
velocity. The rope of the elevator snapped
which caused it to fall. Determine the (a)
weight of the cargo in N, and (b) the normal
force exerted by the elevator’s floor to the
cargo before(W)
The weight andofafter the rope
the cargo broke off.
in newtons is 800
N. The normal force acting on it, by virtue of
the law of inertia is also 800 N. After the
elevator rope broke, the normal force became
0 N. 39
Let’s Practice!
A 250 lb metal slab needed to be moved up

inside a vehicle using a smooth inclined plane
with the following dimensions: l = 0.7 m, H =
0.3 m. What is the magnitude of the force
required to move the slab with a constant
velocity? Ignore the effects of friction.
41
Let’s Practice!
A 250 lb metal slab needed to be moved up

inside a vehicle using a smooth inclined plane
with the following dimensions: l = 0.7 m, H =
0.3 m. What is the magnitude of the force
required to move the slab with a constant
velocity? Ignore the effects of friction.
The magnitude of force required to move the

slab up the inclined plane is 478.29 N.
42
Let’s Practice!
What net external force must be applied to

make a vehicle accelerate at 2.5 m/s2 if it has a
mass of 3 250 kg?
43
Let’s Practice!
What net external force must be applied to

make a vehicle accelerate at 2.5 m/s2 if it has a
mass of 3 250 kg?
44
Let’s Practice!
A net external force of 7.5 N is exerted upon a

4.65-kg object. If the object’s initial velocity is
2.3 m/s2 when the force is applied, determine
its displacement after 6 seconds.
45
Let’s Practice!
A net external force of 7.5 N is exerted upon a

4.65-kg object. If the object’s initial velocity is
2.3 m/s2 when the force is applied, determine
its displacement after 6 seconds.
The displacement of the object after 6 seconds

is 42.78 m.
46
Let’s Practice!
A wind-driven iceboat, initially at rest on a

horizontal ice rink, is pushed by the wind such
that 3.5 seconds after its release, it is
travelling eastward at 20 kph. The boat and its
rider has a combined mass of 215.50 kg.
Calculate the horizontal force Fw that the wind
exerted on the boat.
47
Let’s Practice!
A wind-driven iceboat, initially at rest on a

horizontal ice rink, is pushed by the wind such
that 3.5 seconds after its release, it is
travelling eastward at 20 kph. The boat and its
rider has a combined mass of 215.50 kg.
Calculate the horizontal force Fw that the wind
exerted on the boat.
Thus, the horizontal force Fw that the wind
exerted on the boat is 342.06 N.
48
Bibliography
Faughn, Jerry S. and Raymond A. Serway. Serway’s College Physics (7th ed). Singapore:
Brooks/Cole, 2006.
Giancoli, Douglas C. Physics Principles with Applications (7th ed). USA: Pearson Education,
2014.
Macalalad, E. P. and Vergara, R. L. 2011. Exploring the Realms of Science: Physics. Valenzuela
City: JO-ES Publishing House, Inc.
Serway, Raymond A. and John W. Jewett, Jr. Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern
Physics (9th ed). USA: Brooks/Cole, 2014.
Young, Hugh D., Roger A. Freedman, and A. Lewis Ford. Sears and Zemansky’s University
Physics with Modern Physics (13th ed). USA: Pearson Education, 2012.
58

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Lesson 6.

Newton’s First Law

General Physics 1/2

● Apply Newton’s 1st Law to obtain

● Explain the concept of inertial reference

● Apply the law of inertia to describe the forces

● Solve problems related to the law of inertia.

● Consider a book being slid by a horizontal force

What force stopped the book?

● What if you slide the same book in a slab of ice.

● What if you slide the same book in a frictionless

First Law of Motion

When no net force is acting upon an object, it will

The first law of motion states that

● This tendency of objects to remain in motion is

A spaceship is freely drifting in outer space without any external

During the time interval t0 – t8 the speed of the spaceship is:

Now, let’s consider a laptop on the table.

What are the forces that act on it?

What are the forces that act on it?

Considering superposition of forces:

No net force acts on an object at rest. We say that

For an object to be in equilibrium,

A 0.020-kilogram block of wood with a

A 0.020-kilogram block of wood with a

The magnitude of the friction force acting on

A 180-pound cargo is found inside a freight

A 180-pound cargo is found inside a freight

A 250 lb metal slab needed to be moved up

A 250 lb metal slab needed to be moved up

The magnitude of force required to move the

What net external force must be applied to

What net external force must be applied to

A net external force of 7.5 N is exerted upon a

A net external force of 7.5 N is exerted upon a

The displacement of the object after 6 seconds

A wind-driven iceboat, initially at rest on a

A wind-driven iceboat, initially at rest on a

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