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    Grahams Law Diffusion Effusion

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    Grahams Law Diffusion Effusion

    Uploaded by

    julianicole.lanceharold
    4 views11 pages

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    4 views11 pages

    Grahams Law Diffusion Effusion

    Uploaded by

    julianicole.lanceharold

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Diffusion, Effusion, and

    Graham’s Law
    What is diffusion?
     The movement of particles from
    regions of higher concentrations to
    regions of lower concentration.
     Eventually, the particles will disperse
    evenly throughout the space.
    Low

    High
    What is effusion?
     Thepassage of a gas under pressure
    through a tiny opening.
    Graham’s law
     Thomas Graham studied effusion in
    detail and determined that the rate of
    effusion is indirectly proportional to the
    square root of the molar mass of the
    gas, if pressure and temperature are
    kept constant.
     In other words:

    vA

    vB
    =  Molar MassB
    Molar MassA
    How does that work?
     Kinetic Molecular Theory: movement of
    particles is proportional to the amount of
    kinetic energy.
    (KE= ½ m v 2 )
     So, if the KE is constant, ½ mA vA2 = ½
    m B v B2
     With a little algebra, we get:
    Graham’s Law Formula
    Example Problems
     At the same temperature, which
    molecule travels faster, O2 or N2?
    How much faster?
     At room temperature, Xe atoms have
    an average speed of 240 m/s. At the
    same temperature, what is the speed
    of H2 molecules?
     What is the molar mass of a gas if it
    diffuses 0.907 times the speed of
    argon gas?
    Answers
    1) N2 (lower molar mass)
    (32/28) = 1.07 times faster

    2) x/240 =  (131.3/2)
    x/240 = 8.10
    x = 1944 m/s

    3) 1/0.907 = (x/39.9)
    (1/0.907)2 = ((x/39.9))2
    1.216 = x/39.9
    x = 48.5 g/mol
     Problem 1
    – Two gases, hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂), are in a
    container. If the molar mass of hydrogen is 2 g/mol
    and the molar mass of oxygen is 32 g/mol, how much
    faster does hydrogen effuse compared to oxygen?
     Problem 2
    – A certain unknown gas effuses 1.5 times slower than
    nitrogen (N₂), which has a molar mass of 28 g/mol.
    Calculate the molar mass of the unknown gas.
     Problem 3
    – If a gas with a molar mass of 44 g/mol effuses at a
    rate of 10 mL/s, what is the effusion rate of helium
    (He) with a molar mass of 4 g/mol under the same
    conditions?
    Answer the following:
    1. Two gases, argon (Ar) and krypton (Kr), are
    allowed to effuse through a small opening. If
    argon effuses at a rate of 24 mL/min, what is the
    rate of effusion of krypton? (Molar mass of Ar =
    40 g/mol, molar mass of Kr = 83.8 g/mol)

    2. A sample of ammonia (NH₃) gas effuses through


    a hole in 3 minutes. How long would it take for
    an equal amount of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) to effuse
    under the same conditions? (Molar mass of NH₃
    = 17 g/mol, molar mass of SO₂ = 64 g/mol)
    Test Yourself
    1. If equal amounts of helium and argon are placed in a
    porous container and allowed to escape, which gas
    will escape faster and how much faster?
    2. What is the molecular weight of a gas which diffuses
    1/50 as fast as hydrogen?
    3. How much faster does hydrogen escape through a
    porous container than sulfur dioxide?
    4. A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
    chlorine diffuses through a pinhole 0.411 times as
    fast as neon. Select the correct molecular formula for
    the compound:
    (a) CHCl3 (b) CH2Cl2 (c) C2H2Cl2 (d) C2H3Cl

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