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    Genitic Engineering

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    nilamsolanki2003

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Genitic Engineering

    Uploaded by

    nilamsolanki2003
    4 views6 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    4 views6 pages

    Genitic Engineering

    Uploaded by

    nilamsolanki2003

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    GENITIC

    ENGINEERIN
    G
    Genetic engineering, also called genetic
    modification or genetic manipulation, is the
    of an “
    modification and manipulation
    organism's genes using technology. It is a set of
    akeup of
    technologies used to change the genetic m and
    , in clud in g th e tr an sf er of ge nes within
    cells
    ss sp ec ie s bo un da rie s to pr od uce improved or
    acro
    novel organisms.
    ta in ed by ei th er is olat in g an d copying
    New DNA is ob
    using
    the genetic material of interest
    recombinant DNA methods or by artificially
    synthesising the DNA. A construct is usuallyga created
    ed to in se rt th is D NA in to th e host or nism.
    and us
    st re co m bina nt D N A m ol ec ul e was made by
    The fir
    the
    Paul Berg in 1972 by combining DNA from
    monkey virus SV40 with the lambda virus.
    As well as inserting genes, the process can be used to
    remove, or "knock out", genes. The new DNA can be
    inserted randomly, or targeted to a specific part of
    me
    HISTORY
    G enetic engineering is the scien
    ce of m
    ic eng in ee
    an
    ri n
    ip
    g
    u
    w
    la
    a
    ti
    s
    ng
    fi rs
    g
    t
    en
    p
    e
    ro
    ti
    p
    c
    os
    m
    e
    at
    d
    e ri al of an
    by Nikolay
    organism. The concept of genet ci al g en e ti c m od ification
    h e fi rs t ar ti fi
    Timofeev-Ressovsky in 1934.T sg en es is , th e p ro ce ss of
    og y w as tr an
    accomplished using biotechnol ot h er , fi rs t ac co m pl ished
    gan is m to an
    transferring genes from one or 7 3. It w as th e re su lt of a series of
    Cohen in 1 9
    by Herbert Boyer and Stanley th e d irec t m od ification of
    th at al lo w ed
    advancements in techniques th e d is co ve ry of restriction
    es in cl u de d
    the genome. Important advanc ig n p la sm id s an d te ch no lo gi es
    d DN A lig ases , th e ability to d es
    en zy m es an
    e ch ai n rea ctio n an d se q u en cing.
    like polymeras
    Transformation of the DNA into a host organism was accomplished with
    the invention of biolistics, Agrobacterium-mediatec
    recombination and microinjection. The first genetically modified animal was
    a mouse created in 1974 by Rudolf Jaenisch. In 1976, the technology was
    commercialised, with the advent of genetically modifie bacteria that
    produced somatostatin, followed by insulin in 1978. In 1983, an antibiotic
    resistant gene was inserted into tobacco, leading to the first genetically
    engineered plant. Advances followed that allowed scientists to manipulate
    and add genes to a variety of different organisms and induce a range of
    different effects. Plants were first commercialized with virus resistant
    tobacco released in China in 1992. The first genetically modified food was
    the Flavr Sav tomato marketed in 1994. By 2010, 29 countries had planted
    commercialized biotech crops. In 2000 a paper published
    in Science introduced golden rice, the first food developed with increased
    RESEARCH

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