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    Phytochemical Analysis of Ethanolic Extract of Merremia Emaraginata Burm. F by GC-MS

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    This document summarizes a research study that analyzed the phytochemical constituents of the ethanolic extract of Merremia emarginata Burm. F (a medicinal plant) using GC-MS. The study identified 18 compounds in the extract including sec-Butyl nitrite, Hexadeconic acid ethyl ester, 2- Hexadecen – 1 – ol, 9, 12- Octadecadionic acid, Phytosterol and Neophytadiene. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and terpenoids in the plant. The GC-MS analysis provides valuable information about the

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    Phytochemical Analysis of Ethanolic Extract of Merremia Emaraginata Burm. F by GC-MS

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    This document summarizes a research study that analyzed the phytochemical constituents of the ethanolic extract of Merremia emarginata Burm. F (a medicinal plant) using GC-MS. The study identified 18 compounds in the extract including sec-Butyl nitrite, Hexadeconic acid ethyl ester, 2- Hexadecen – 1 – ol, 9, 12- Octadecadionic acid, Phytosterol and Neophytadiene. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and terpenoids in the plant. The GC-MS analysis provides valuable information about the

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    This document summarizes a research study that analyzed the phytochemical constituents of the ethanolic extract of Merremia emarginata Burm. F (a medicinal plant) using GC-MS. The study identified 18 compounds in the extract including sec-Butyl nitrite, Hexadeconic acid ethyl ester, 2- Hexadecen – 1 – ol, 9, 12- Octadecadionic acid, Phytosterol and Neophytadiene. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and terpenoids in the plant. The GC-MS analysis provides valuable information about the

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    39 views7 pages

    Phytochemical Analysis of Ethanolic Extract of Merremia Emaraginata Burm. F by GC-MS

    Uploaded by

    Ramling Patrakar
    This document summarizes a research study that analyzed the phytochemical constituents of the ethanolic extract of Merremia emarginata Burm. F (a medicinal plant) using GC-MS. The study identified 18 compounds in the extract including sec-Butyl nitrite, Hexadeconic acid ethyl ester, 2- Hexadecen – 1 – ol, 9, 12- Octadecadionic acid, Phytosterol and Neophytadiene. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and terpenoids in the plant. The GC-MS analysis provides valuable information about the

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    Phytochemical Analysis of Ethanolic Extract of Merremia emaraginata Burm. F


    by GC-MS

    Article  in  Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences · October 2012

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    ISSN: 0975-8585

    Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical


    Sciences

    Phytochemical Analysis of Ethanolic Extract of Merremia emaraginata Burm. F


    by GC-MS

    Purushoth Prabhu T*, Panneerselvam P, R Suresh, S Selvakumari and Shantha A

    Dept of Pharmacognosy, CL Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Thoraipakkam, Chennai, India

    ABSTRACT

    Merremia emarginata Burm. F (Convolvulaceae) is a perennial, much branched herb (creeper). It is found
    widely distributed all over the India. Merremia emarginata is also known as Ipomoea reniformis chois. It is
    reported to have many important medicinal properties. In the Indigenous system of Medicine, Ipomoea reniformis
    has been claimed to be useful for cough, headache, neuralgia, rheumatism, diuretic, inflammation, troubles of
    nose, fever due to enlargement of the liver and also for treating cancer. The present study was designed to
    investigate the phytoconstituent of the the plant Merremia emarginata Burm. f which contain terpenes, steroids,
    polyphenols, glycosides, flavanoids, carbohydrates and proteins are confirmed by preliminary phytochemical
    studies and GC-MS analysis.
    Keywords: Merremia emarginata, Ipomoea reniformis, phytoconstituent, GC-MS

    *Corresponding author:

    October – December 2012 RJPBCS Volume 3 Issue 4 Page No. 507


    ISSN: 0975-8585

    INTRODUCTION

    A knowledge of the chemical constituents of plants is desirable not only for the
    discovery of therapeutic agents, but also because such information may be of great value in
    disclosing new sources of economic phytocompounds for the synthesis of complex chemical
    substances and for discovering the actual significance of folkloric remedies. Hence a thorough
    validation of the herbal drugs has emerged as a new branch of science emphasizing and
    prioritizing the standardization of the natural drugs and products because several of the
    phytochemicals have complementary and overlapping mechanism of action. Mass
    spectrometry, coupled with chromatographic separations such as Gas chromatography (GC/MS)
    is normally used for direct analysis of components existing in traditional medicines and
    medicinal plants. In recent years GC-MS studies have been increasingly applied for the analysis
    of chinese medicinal plants as this technique has proved to be a valuable method for the
    analysis of non polar components and volatile essential oil, fatty acids, lipids and alkaloids [1].

    Merremia emarginata Burm. F (Convolvulaceae) is a perennial, much branched herb


    (creeper). It is found widely distributed all over the India, especially in damp places in upper
    gangetic plain, Gujarat, Bihar, West Bengal, Western‐ Ghats, ascending up to 900m in the hills,
    Goa, Karnataka in India, Ceylon and Tropical Africa[2,3]. Merremia emarginata is also known as
    Ipomoea reniformis chois[4]. The vernicular name of Merremia emarginata is Musakani [Hindi],
    Elikkatukkirai [Tamil], ElukacheviAku [Telugu] Udiramani [Marathi] Akhukarni, bhudari
    bhava,[Sanskrit], Indurkani[Bengali]. It is reported to have many important medicinal
    properties. In the Indigenous system of Medicine, Ipomoea reniformis has been claimed to be
    useful for cough, headache, neuralgia, rheumatism, diuretic, inflammation, troubles of nose,
    fever due to enlargement of liver and also in kidney diseases. Powder of leaves is used as a
    snuff during epileptic seizures, Juice acts as purgative and the root is having diuretic, laxative,
    and applied in the disease of the eyes and gums[5].The present study is to invesitage the
    phytoconstituent of ethanolic extract of Merremia emarginata Burm.f through GC-MS analysis.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    Collection of plant materials

    The whole plant Merremia emarginata were collected from surroundings of Tirunelveli.
    They were identified and authenticated by Prof Jayaraman, PARC, Tambaram, Chennai,
    Tamilnadu, India.

    Sample Preparation

    The whole plant Merremia emarginata were shade dried and pulverized well. About 20g
    of the powdered leaves were soaked in 100 mL of ethanol. It was left for 24 hours so that
    terpenoids, and other constituents if present will get dissolved. The ethanolic extract was
    filtered using Whatmann (number 1) filter paper and the residue was removed.

    October – December 2012 RJPBCS Volume 3 Issue 4 Page No. 508


    ISSN: 0975-8585

    Phytochemical Screening [6, 7]

    Phytochemical screening of the whole plant extract was carried out as per standard
    procedure

    Gas Chromatography-Mass Spetroscopy [8, 9]

    The ethonolic extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis on the instrument GC-MS
    SHIMADZU QP2010 with Elite – DB-5M column and the GC-MS solution version 2.53 software.
    Initially oven temperature was maintained at 70oC for 2.0 minutes, and the temperature was
    gradually increased upto 300oC at 10.0/35.0 min and 4.0 μL of sample was injected for analysis
    .Helium gas 99.995% of purity was used as a carrier gas as well as a eluent. The flow rate of
    helium gas was set to 1.5 mL/min. The sample injector temperature was maintained at 260º C
    and the split ratio is 20 throughout the experiment periods. The ionization mass spectroscopic
    analysis was done with 70 eV. The mass spectra was recorded for the mass range 40-1000 m/z
    for about 35 minutes. Identification of components was based on comparison of their mass
    spectra. As the compounds separated, on elustion through the column, were detected in
    electronic signals.

    As individual compounds eluted from the Gas chromatographic column, they entered
    the electron ionization detector where they were bombarded with a stream of electrons
    causing them to break apart into fragments. The fragments were actually charged ions with a
    certain mass. The m/z ratio obtained was calibrated from the graph obtained which was called
    as the mass spectrum graph which is the fingerprint of the molecule. The identification of
    compounds was based on the comparisons of their mass spectra with NIST Library 2008
    WILEY8, FAME.

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

    Phytochemical screening of the plant Merremia emarginata by GC-MS method

    The phytochemical active compounds of Merremia emarginata were qualitatively


    analysed and the results are presented in Table.1 which indicates that the ethanolic extract of
    Merremia emarginata whole plant showed the presence of phytochemical active compounds
    such as carbohydrates, steroids, tannin, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and terpenoids [10,
    11].

    GC-MS Analysis

    GC-MS analysis was carried out on the ethanolic extract of Merremia emarginata and 18
    compounds were identified. The GC-MS analysis was done using the instrument GC-MS
    SHIMADZU QP2010 with GCMS solution version 2.53 software. The sample volume was 4.0 μL.
    The sample of ethanolic extract was run for 35 minutes. The Chromatogram (Figure.1) shows 7
    prominent peaks in the retention time range 8.208 - 31.068. The peak at 9.342 retention time is

    October – December 2012 RJPBCS Volume 3 Issue 4 Page No. 509


    ISSN: 0975-8585

    having the peak area 72.92. This largest peak is due to the presence of sec-Butyl nitrite. The
    Second less prominent peak at 17.384 retention time has the peak area 5.2 is due to the
    presence of Hexadeconic acid ethyl ester. The third less significant peak at 18.501 retention
    time with the peak area 4.32 is characteristic of 2- Hexadecen – 1 – ol. The Fourth less
    prominent peak at 19.020 retention time with the peak area 3.50 denotes 9, 12-
    Octadecadionic acid. The other important peak at 27.384 and 30.156 retention time with the
    peak area 1.16 and 1.38 denotes Phytosterol and Neophytadiene. The other less prominent
    peaks at other retention times are given in Table 2. The total ion chromatograph (TIC) showing
    the peak identities of the compounds identified have been given in Figure 1.

    Table : 1 Preliminary Phytochemical studies

    S.No Phytoconstituent (Test) Result


    1 Alkaloids -
    2 Glycosides +
    3 Phenolics +
    4 Carbohydrates +
    5 Proteins and aminoacids +
    6 Tannins +
    7 Fixed oil and fats +
    8 Flavanoids +
    9 Steroids +
    10 Terpenoids +
    11 Saponins +
    12 Resins +

    Figure : 1

    October – December 2012 RJPBCS Volume 3 Issue 4 Page No. 510


    ISSN: 0975-8585

    PEAK R.TIME AREA% NAME OF PHYTOCONSTITUENT


    1 9.342 72.92 sec-Butyl nitrite
    2 13.694 1.8 1,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
    3 15.373 0.24 (-)-Loliolide
    4 15.498 0.19 Pluchidiol
    5 15.777 0.5 2,6,10-Trimethyl, 14-ethylene-14-pentadecne
    6 15.864 0.18 2-Pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl-
    7 17.122 2.78 n-Hexadecanoic acid
    8 17.384 5.12 Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester
    9 18.501 4.32 2-Hexadecen-1-ol, 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-, [R-[R*,R*-(E)]]-
    10 18.958 2.96 Ethyl(9Z,12Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoate
    11 19.02 3.5 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(9Z,12Z)-, Ethyl ester
    12 19.242 1.31 Octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester
    13 20.038 0.23 S-[2-[N,N-Dimethylamino]ethyl]N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl
    thiocarbohydroximate
    14 20.699 0.35 Chloromethyl 5-chloroundecanoate
    15 20.951 0.34 Ethyl icosanoate
    16 26.321 0.73 alpha.-Tocopherol-.beta.-D-mannoside
    17 27.384 1.16 Stigmasterol
    18 30.156 1.38 Neophytadiene

    CONCLUSION

    The result of the present investigation reveals that the alcoholic extracts of Merremia
    emarginata possessed significant antiarthritis activity which was analyzed by phytochemical
    screening and GC-MS analysis. The plant extract reveals the presence of carbohydrates,
    steroids, tannin, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and terpenoids. The GC-MS analysis of the
    ethanolic extract of Merremia emarginata reveals the presence of phytoconstituents belonging
    to the type-acids, esters, alcohols, ethers, etc. Thus, the medicinal plant Merremia emarginata
    is found to possess significant phytoconstituents. The presence of such a variety of
    phytochemicals may be attributed to the medicinal characteristics of this plant Merremia
    emarginata.

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

    The author thanks Dr. Grace Rathnam, Director of the institute for facilities and Mr.
    Srinivasan for getting chemicals in right time. And also thank the Sargam metals, Lab in charge.
    For analyzing the plant sample for GC-MS.

    REFERENCES

    [1] Khare CP. Indian medicinal plants. Springer science, New Delhi, 2007.
    [2] Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian medicinal plants, 2nd ed., Lalit Mohan basu, Allahabad,
    India, 1935, 2: pp. 1702 .

    October – December 2012 RJPBCS Volume 3 Issue 4 Page No. 511


    ISSN: 0975-8585

    [3] Ghosh MN. Fundamentals of experimental pharmacology. Scientific Book Agency.


    Calcutta. 3rd Edn. 1984, pp. 193-195.
    [4] Shah CS, Sukkawala VM, Chavan AR, Pharmacognostic Study of Ipomoea reniformis And
    Comparision With Centella Asiatica Linn, Science communication, NISCAR, 1962, 22.
    [5] Nadkarni KM. Indian Material Medica, 3rd ed. Bombay Popular Prakashan, Bombay,
    1954, pp. 690.
    [6] Mary Helen PA, Prinitha, Jaya Sree S, Madoen Abisha SM, Anoop Jacob. RJPBCS 2012;
    3(3): 49-52.
    [7] Patil SG, Honrao BK. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 2000; 24(3): 688-694.
    [8] Sriranmsridharan. J Pharmacy Res 2011; 4(3): 741-742.
    [9] Ganesh S and Jannet Vennila J. Research Journal of Phytochemistry 2011; 5(1): 60-65.
    [10] Trease GE and WC Evans, Trease and Evans: Pharmacognosy. 13th Ed, Bailliere Tindale,
    London, 1989.
    [11] Ross SA, Keltawi NE, Megalla SE. Fitoterapia 1980; 51: 201-205.

    October – December 2012 RJPBCS Volume 3 Issue 4 Page No. 512

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