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    Acids, Bases, & Salts

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    Acids, Bases, & Salts

    Uploaded by

    karthikeyanthanjavur
    5 views30 pages

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    Acids, Bases, & Salts

    Uploaded by

    karthikeyanthanjavur

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    Acids,

    Bases, &
    Salts
    What is an ACID?
    • pH less than 7
    • Neutralizes bases
    +
    • Forms H ions in solution
    • Corrosive-reacts with most
    metals to form hydrogen gas
    • Good conductors of electricity
    Acids Generate Ions

    HNO3 + H2O  H 3 O+ + NO3


    Weak vs. Strong Acids
    • Weak Acids do not ionize completely:
    Acetic, Boric, Nitrous, Phosphoric,
    Sulfurous
    • Strong Acids ionize completely:
    Hydrochloric, Nitric; Sulfuric, Hydriodic
    Common Acids
    • HCl- hydrochloric- stomach acid
    • H2SO4- sulfuric acid - car batteries
    • HNO3 – nitric acid - explosives
    • HC2H3O2- acetic acid - vinegar
    • H2CO3-carbonic acid – sodas
    • H3PO4- phosphoric acid -flavorings
    What is a BASE?
    • pH greater than 7
    • Feels slippery
    • Dissolves fats and oils
    -
    • Usually forms OH ions in
    solution
    • Neutralizes acids
    Weak vs. Strong Bases
    • Weak Bases: ammonia; potassium
    carbonate, sodium carbonate
    • Strong Bases: sodium hydroxide; sodium
    phosphate; barium hydroxide; calcium
    hydroxide
    Common Bases
    • NaOH- sodium hydroxide (LYE) soaps, drain cleaner
    • Mg (OH)2 - magnesium hydroxide-antacids
    • Al(OH)3-aluminum hydroxide-antacids, deodorants
    • NH4OH-ammonium hydroxide- “ammonia”
    Types of Acids and Bases
    • In the 1800’s chemical concepts were based on the
    reactions of aqueous solutions.
    • Svante Arrhenius developed a concept of acids
    and bases relevant to reactions in H2O.

    • Arrhenius acid – produces hydrogen ions in water.


    • Arrhenius base – produce hydroxide ions in water.
    A broader ,more modern concept of acids and
    bases was developed later.

    Bronsted-Lowry acid- donates a hydrogen ion


    in a reaction.
    Bronsted – Lowry base – accepts a hydrogen
    in a reaction.
    • Conjugate acid- compound formed when an
    base gains a hydrogen ion.

    • Conjugate base – compound formed when


    an acid loses a hydrogen ion.
    pH Scale
    pH of Common Substances

    Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 335


    Reactions with indicators
    Indicator Acid Neutral Base
    color color color
    Phenolphthalein Colorless Faint pink Dark pink

    Bromthymol Yellow Green Blue


    blue
    Litmus Red ----- Blue
    pH paper
    • pH paper changes
    color to indicate a
    specific pH value.
    Buffers

    • A buffer is a solution that resists changes in


    pH when small amounts of acids and bases
    are added.
    Situations in which pH is controlled

    • “Heartburn”
    • Planting vegetables and flowers
    • Fish Tanks and Ponds
    • Blood
    • Swimming pools
    Acids and Bases in Solution
    • HCl + H20  H3O + + Cl-
    (more hydronium ions, more acidic)
    • NaOH in water  Na+ + OH-
    (more hydroxide ions, more basic)
    • NaOH + HCl  NaCl + HOH
    Acid + Base yields type of salt and water

    • NH3 + H20  NH4+ + OH- ammonia


    gas + water yields ammonium and hydroxide
    ions
    Acid Rain
    Pollution in the air (sulfur dioxide, carbon
    dioxide, nitrogen dioxide) combines with
    water to form various acids.
    .
    Rapid changes in pH can kill fish
    and other organisms in lakes and
    streams.
    Soil pH is affected and can kill
    plants and create sinkholes
    What is a SALT?
    • A salt is a neutral substance produced from the
    reaction of an acid and a base.
    • Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the
    positive ion of a base.
    • One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction
    • Examples: KCl, MgSO4, Na3PO4
    Neutralization Reaction
    • A neutralization reaction is the reaction of
    an acid with a base to produce salt and
    water.
    • Example
    H2SO4 + NaOH  NaHSO4 + H2O
    Digestion and pH
    • Digestion-process by which foods are broken down
    into simpler substances.
    • Mechanical digestion-physical process in which food
    is torn apart (mouth)
    • Chemical digestion- chemical reactions in which large
    molecules are broken down into smaller molecules.
    (stomach and small intestines)
    pH in the Digestive System
    • Mouth-pH around 7. Saliva contains amylase, an
    enzyme which begins to break carbohydrates into
    sugars.
    • Stomach- pH around 2. Proteins are broken down
    into amino acids by the enzyme pepsin.
    • Small intestine-pH around 8. Most digestion ends.
    Small molecules move to bloodstream toward
    cells that use them
    Digestive system
    mouth

    esophagus

    stomach

    small intestine

    large intestine
    Acids, Bases, and Salts

    The End

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