The

Permanent
Canines
 Introduction
• The permanent canines are the four anterior teeth located at the corners of each
quadrant for each dental arch.
• Their name is derived from the Latin word for dog (canus) because these teeth
resemble dog’s teeth.
• The human permanent canines (Cuspids) in each arch have a similar
appearance and function.
• They are often called the "cornerstones of the mouth" since they are
intermediary between the incisors and posterior teeth in function, form and arch
position.

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 Maxillary canine
introduction
• Arch position: the permanent maxillary canine
replaces the deciduous maxillary canine and is
located third from the midline in each maxillary
quadrant.

Moamer Gabsa- permanent canine

• The canine shares a mesial contact with the
maxillary lateral incisor and contacts the maxillary
first premolar on the distal.
• The functions of canine in mastication are tearing
and piercing, they also play role in the esthetics and
phonetics functions of the human teeth and play a
major role in the support of the facial muscles.
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 NUMBERING SYSTEM
(MAXILLARY CANINE)

Palmar system : 3 3

Universal system : 6 , 11

FDI system : 13,23

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 Chronology
(maxillary central incisor)
• Eruption ................................................ 11 to 12 years
• Completion of root ............................... 14 to 15 years

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 Facial (Labial) surface
• The labial surface is convex in all directions
• The general outline of the labial surface is pentagonal
• Cervical line labially is convex, with the convexity toward the root portion.
• the outline of the crown mesially: may be convex from the cervix to
the mesial contact area.
• the outline of the crown Distally: is usually concave between the
cervical line and the distal contact area.
• The Mesial contact area: is approximately at the junction of the middle
and incisal thirds of the crown.
• The distal contact area: is usually at the center of the middle third of
the crown.
• The cusp tip is on a line with the center of the root. The cusp has a
mesial slope and a distal slope, the mesial slope being shorter than the
distal slope.

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 Facial (Labial) surface cont….

• Thereis a ridge on the labial surface of the

crown. from the cervical line to the tip of the
cusp.
• The root is conical in form with a bluntly
pointed apex. The root curvature may be in
a mesial or distal direction, but in most
instances, it is the latter.

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 Lingual surface
• Mesial,distal and incisal outlines these margins
are similar to those of the labial aspect but the
mesiodistal dimension narrower than labial.
• The mesiodistal dimension of the lingual surface
is less than that of the labial surface since the
mesial and distal surfaces converge slightly
toward the lingual.

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 Lingual surface cont….
• The cingulum is bulky and normally smooth. It shows greater development
than the cingulum of the maxillary central incisor.
• The marginal ridges are also prominent.
• There is normally a lingual ridge extending inciso-gingivally with shallow
mesiolingual and distolingual fossae between lingual ridge and the prominent
marginal ridges.

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 Mesial surface
• The outline of the crown is wedge-shaped

• The crest of curvature of the crown is below the cervical line labially and
lingually.

• The lingual outline of the crown from the mesial aspect is convex at the
cingulum, concave as the middle third is reached, becoming convex again in the
incisal third.

• The cervical line from this aspect curves toward the cusp on average by
approximately 2.5 mm at the cementoenamel junction.

• The outline of the root from this aspect is conical, with a tapered pointed apex.

• A line bisecting the cusp is labial to a line bisecting the root.

• The mesial surface of the root appears broad, with a shallow developmental
depression for part of the root length. Developmental depressions on the heavy
roots help anchor the teeth in the alveoli and help prevent rotation and 11
displacement.
 Distal Surface
The distal aspect of the maxillary canine
shows somewhat the same form as the
mesial aspect, with the following variations:
The cervical line exhibits less curvature
toward the cusp ridge.
the developmental depression on the distal
side of the root is more pronounced.

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 Moamer Gabsa- permanent canine
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 Incisal surface
• From the incisal the maxillary canine is generally convex in both its labial and lingual
outlines.
• The tooth's strength is exhibited by the thicker labiolingual dimension when compared
to the maxillary incisors.
• From this surface the canine crown has an asymmetrical diamond shaped outline.
• The mesial half is thicker labio-lingually and more convex while the distal portion is
thinner and exhibits a slight concavity in its labial and or lingual outline.

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 Dimensions suggested for carving technique
(Maxillary canine)
Cervicoincisa Length Mesiodistal Mesiodistal Labio- or Labio- or Curvature Curvature
l of Root Diameter Diameter of Buccolingual Buccolingual of Cervical of Cervical
Length of of Crown Crown at Diameter of Diameter of Line- Line-
Crown Cervix Crown Crown at Mesial Distal
Cervix
10.0 mm 17.0 mm 7.5 mm 5.5 mm 8.0 mm 7.0 mm 2.5 mm 1.5 mm

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• Anteriorsuperior
alveolar artery
• Anteriorsuperior
alveolar vein

Moamer Gabsa- permanent canine

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• Anteriorsuperior
alveolar nerve

Moamer Gabsa- permanent canine

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 Mandibular canine
introduction
• Arch position: the permanent mandibular canine
replaces the deciduous mandibular canine and is
located third from the midline in each mandibular
quadrant.

Moamer Gabsa- permanent canine

• The canine shares a mesial contact with the
mandibular lateral incisor and contacts the
mandibular first premolar on the distal.
• Form and function are similar to those of the maxillary canine.

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 NUMBERING SYSTEM
(MANDIBULAR CANINE)

Palmar system : 3 3

Moamer Gabsa- permanent canine

Universal system : 27 , 22

FDI system : 43, 33

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 Chronology
(mandibular canine)

• Eruption ................................................ 9 to 10 years

• Completion of root ............................... 12 to 14 years

Moamer Gabsa- permanent canine

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 Facial (Labial) surface
The comparisons between mandibular and maxillary canines viewed
from the labial aspect may be described as follows:

• The crowns of the mandibular canines appear longer.

• The mesial outline of the crown of the mandibular canine is nearly

straight with the mesial outline of the root, with the mesial contact
point being near the mesioincisal angle.

•The cusp angle is on a line with the center of the root, as on the
maxillary canine.

• The distal contact point of the mandibular canine is more toward

the incisal aspect than that of the maxillary canine but is not up to
the level of the mesial area.

• The mandibular canine root is shorter by l or 2 mm on average

than that of the maxillary canine, and its apical end is more sharply
pointed. Root curvatures are infrequent. When curvature of root
ends is present, it is often in a mesial direction.
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 Lingual surface
In comparing the lingual aspect of the mandibular canine with that
of the maxillary canine, the following comparisons are noted:
 The lingual surface of the crown of the mandibular canine is
flatter. The cingulum is smooth and poorly developed. The
marginal ridges are less distinct.

 Thelingual portion of the root is narrower relatively than that of

the maxillary canine

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 Mesial surface
From the mesial aspect, characteristic differences are evident between
the two teeth in question.:
• The cingulum is not as pronounced, and the incisal portion of the crown
is thinner labiolingually, which allows the cusp to appear more pointed
and the cusp ridge to appear more slender.
• The tip of the cusp is more nearly centered over the root.
• The cervical line curves more toward the incisal portion
• The roots of the two teeth are quite similar from the mesial aspect with
the possible exception of a more pointed root tip on the mandibular
canine. The developmental depression mesially on the root of the
mandibular canine is more pronounced.

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 Distal Surface
The crown

• The shape of the crown distally is similar to the crown shape

from the mesial aspect, except that cervical line has less
curvature toward the cusp tip.

The root

• developmental depression on the distal side of the root is often

deeper than the depression on the mesial side

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 Incisal surface
• It is similar to the maxillary canine when viewed from the incisal.

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 Dimensions suggested for carving technique
(Mandibular canine)
Cervicoincisa Length Mesiodistal Mesiodistal Labio- or Labio- or Curvature Curvature
l of Root Diameter Diameter of Buccolingual Buccolingual of Cervical of Cervical
Length of of Crown Crown at Diameter of Diameter of Line- Line-
Crown Cervix Crown Crown at Mesial Distal

Moamer Gabsa- permanent canine

Cervix
11.0 mm 16.0 mm 7.5 mm 5.5 mm 7.5 mm 7.0 mm 2.5 mm 1.0 mm

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Fig. 12-10

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 • Mental
• Mental

vein.
artery.

Moamer Gabsa- mandibular incisor

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 • Mental
nerve

Moamer Gabsa- mandibular incisor

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