Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 5 views

    What Have JMM

    Uploaded by

    barangaypugon.sfq

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    What Have JMM

    Uploaded by

    barangaypugon.sfq
    5 views45 pages

    Original Title

    WhatHaveJMM

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    5 views45 pages

    What Have JMM

    Uploaded by

    barangaypugon.sfq

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 45

    What have mathematicians done for us?

    Chris Budd
    Some common views on math and mathematicians

    Mathematics is completely useless


    Mathematicians are evil souless geeks
    All Mathematicians are mad!
    This can cause
    serious problems
    And it is completely false

    The modern world would not exist without math


    Math lies at the heart of all modern technology
    But still …

    Too few people recognize that


    the high technology so
    celebrated today is essentially a
    mathematical technology

    Edward David, ex-president of


    Exxon R&D
    Possible reasons for this

    1. Mathematics is quite hard to define

    Today, no consensus on the definition of mathematics prevails,


    even among professionals. There is not even consensus on
    whether mathematics is an art or a science. A great many
    professional mathematicians take no interest in a definition of
    mathematics, or consider it undefinable. Some just say,
    "Mathematics is what mathematicians do.”
    [Wikipedia]

    My own ‘definition’ is that math is …


    2. No one knows who mathematicians are

    Maxwell and the discovery of electromagnetic waves

    Electromagnetism, radio, WiFi,TV, radar, mobile phones,


    microwaves all come from the work of Maxwell!
    The most famous ever female mathematician?

    Florence Nightingale

    Medical statistics
    3. Math is vital but like the air we breath is often invisible
    Now show how math has changed history

    1. Early math, and the quadratic equation

    1. Math and music

    1. Math amazes the Internet

    2. Math makes waves

    3. Math saves lives

    4. Math helps us communicate

    5. Where next?
    The virtuous circle of math

    Abstract math

    Good things happen here

    Applications of math
    1. Early math and the quadratic equation

    Early people counted on their fingers


    This led to the natural numbers 1,2,3,4,5 ….

    Numbers
    recorded on
    Babylonian
    cuneiform
    tablets
    Important early mathematical problems

    I have 7 cows, the taxman takes 5, how many do I have now?

    I have 5 cows, the taxman takes 7, how many do I have now?

    I have 5 cows and 3 children. How many cows do they get?

    Gives us the integers, negative numbers and fractions

    1, 0 , -1, -2 , 3/5, 7/8, 9/7, …

    Leading to number theory, discrete mathematics, cryptography


    Taxman again:

    I want you to double the amount of crops that you give me

    Area 2

    Area 1

    1 x
    Quadratic equation

    Early calculation of the square root of


    2 = 1.4142135623730950488…

    Irrational number .. Led ultimately to mathematical analysis

    Similar looking
    equation:
    2. Mathematical music

    Some musical notes sound better when played


    together than others

    The octave C to C

    The notes C and G


    (a perfect 5th)
    The notes C and E
    (a perfect 3rd)
    Reason was discovered by Pythagoras

    Length of strings giving C and G, and C and E,


    were in simple fractional proportions

    C:C … 2/1 C:G … 3/2 C:E … 4/3


    A right-angled triangle opined

    My hypotenuse squared is refined

    For if any one cares

    It’s the sum of the squares

    Of my other two sides when combined!


    Pythagoras invented the Just Scale .. Sequence of notes
    with frequencies in simple fractional proportions

    1 : 9/8 : 5/4 : 4/3 : 3/2 : 5/3 : 15/8 : 2


    Problem: Keyboard instruments could only be tuned for one key

    Mathematicians invented a new Well Tempered scale with all


    notes in the same proportion
    A geometric progression of the semi-tone frequencies, ratio

    which works well in all keys


    Mathematical ‘fluke’:
    Interval C:G on the well tempered scale

    Which is very close to 3/2

    Well tempered scale sounds good

    Wouldn’t work any like so well if there were not 12


    semi-tones in the scale
    3. Math amazes the Internet

    One of the earliest myths which features both math and


    computer science is the story of Theseus and the Minotaur
    Draw a labyrinth starting from a seed
    Labyrinths on the underground

    Mark Wallinger
    Later became the Puzzle maze eg. Hampton Court

    Solved by Euler, who developed the theory of networks to do it


    Maze Network
    Facebook Network
    Understanding networks, combined with Matrix Theory (due to
    Cayley) and eigenvectors

    Wolfram

    also forms a major part of the algorithms behind


    4. Math makes waves

    Fourier was studying the


    temperature T of a heated bar

    Heat
    equation

    IDEA: Express T in terms of simpler building bricks

    Solve a set of simple problems in terms of these


    Astonishing idea

    Build T out of sines and cosines

    Fourier Series
    Now use Fourier series to make up any shape of wave
    Example: Computing the tides using
    Kelvin’s tidal computer

    Used in D-Day

    Now the basis of the modern synthesizer and most of


    modern electronics
    Babbage’s difference engine

    Designed to compute the tables for maritime navigation


    Ideas behind it led directly to the modern computer
    4. Mathematicians save lives

    Studied shadows cast by objects

    Radon 1917

    Can you reconstruct a shape just by knowing its shadows?


    Shadow

    Object (find using ideas from Fourier)


    Modern CAT (Computerised Axial Tomography) scanner implements
    this and related formulae to look inside you.

    Also used to

    X-ray mummies
    Detect land mines
    Save bees
    6. Math communicates
    Error correcting codes.

    Used to store the numbers 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and other data in such a

    way that any errors can not only be detected but corrected.
    Work by representing the numbers by codes which are as
    different as possible so we can still tell the right answer
    even if it has mistakes in it

    Invented in the 1940s by Shannon and Hamming in the Bell Labs


    Using very fancy maths (Galois theory)
    Examples of Error correcting codes.

    Hamming (7,4) code 1950: Uses three parity digits

    Can correct and detect a single bit error


    Original message x = (d1,d2,d3,d4)

    Transmitted code y = (p1,p2,d1,p3,d2,d3,d4)

    Linear code y=Gx


    Receive code z instead of y

    Magic of the method:


    Calculate d =Hz

    If d = (0 0 0) then z has no errors

    Otherwise d reversed is the binary digit of the error


    Reed-Solomon code 1960 Polynomials over finite fields
    And finally ….

    This brief overview of what mathematicians have done


    for us is meant mainly to whet your appetite.

    There many more applications of mathematics to the


    modern world,

    and the latest developments in math are likely to lead to


    even newer technologies

    You are the people who will lead us


    forward in this!

    You might also like