Transportation 2

TRANSPORTAT
ION
CIRCULATIO
N
Pulmonary Circulation: Deoxygenated blood moves from
heart to lungs and converts into oxygenated blood and then this
oxygenated blood moves back to heart. This one circulation of
blood is called Pulmonary Circulation.
Systemic Circulation: In another cycle of blood circulation,
oxygenated blood moves from heart to other organs and converts
into deoxygenated blood and then this deoxygenated blood
moves back to heart. This circulation of blood is called Systemic
Circulation.
 Thus in the human body, blood passes through
the heart twice. This type of circulation is called
double circulation.
 Double circulation ensures complete segregation
of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood which is
necessary for optimum energy production in
warm-blooded animals.
The atria have comparatively thinner walls than the
ventricles because atria only receive blood from the upper
parts of the body,i.e., head, etc. and the ventricles have to
pump the blood to the farthermost parts of the body, for
example, the toes to up to head,i.e., against gravity.
The ventricles of the heart have thicker muscular walls than
the atria. ...
The left ventricle also has a thicker muscular wall than
the right ventricle. This is due to the higher forces needed to
pump blood through the systemic circuit (around the body)
compared to the pulmonary circuit.
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the
body, connecting the smallest arteries to the
smallest veins. ... Only two layers of cells thick, the
purpose of capillaries is to play the central role in
the circulation, delivering oxygen in the blood to
the tissues, and picking up carbon dioxide to be
eliminated.
Advantages of four chambered heart:*
Presence of four chambered heart in mammals and birds
avoids the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated
blood.*
This ensures a highly efficient supply of oxygenated
blood to their body.*
These animals are warm blooded animals so they require
high amount of energy to maintain their body temperature
which is ensured by efficient supply of oxygenated blood
to their body through double circulation and presence of
four chambered heart.
•Separation of right and left side of heart allows efficient supply of
oxygen to the body and useful for animals that have high energy
needs to maintain their body temperature.
•In some animals, body temperature depends on the temperature in
the environment and thus they do not use energy to maintain body
temperature.
•Amphibians and reptiles have three chambered heart and allows
some mixing of oxygen and deoxygenated blood.
•Fishes have two chambered heart and the blood is pumped to the
gills for oxygenation and transported directly to all the cells of the
body.
•When blood goes through the heart twice during each cycle, the
process is called as double circulation.
Fishes have a 2- chambered heart with an atrium and a
ventricle. In fishes, the heart pumps out deoxygenated blood
which is oxygenated by the gills and supplied to the body
parts from where deoxygenated blood is returned to
the heart (single circulation).
• Lymph is a colorless fluid collected from tissues in most
parts of the body and returned to the blood via the
lymphatic system.
• It is about 95% water. Its composition is similar to plasma
of blood, but contains less protein.
• Lymph mainly contains white blood cells (mainly
lymphocytes).
• Lymph carries digested and absorbed fat from intestine
and drains excess fluid from extracellular space back into
blood.
• Lymph supplies mature lymphocytes to the blood.
• Lymph acts to remove bacteria and other particles.
• It also maintains fluid balance.
Differences between the Blood and the Lymph
BLOOD LYMPH
1. It is red colored fluid
1. It is colorless fluid
connective tissue that
connective tissue in which
contains RBCs.
RBCs are absent.
2. It is associated with 2. It helps in body

circulation of Oxygen and defense and is a part of
Carbon dioxide. immune system.
3. It contains plasma, 3. It contains plasma,
RBC's, WBC's, platelets less number of WBC's and
and proteins. platelets. It lacks proteins.

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TRANSPORTAT

2. It is associated with 2. It helps in body

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