Eukarya Domain:

Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Animalia
characteristics, habitat, uses, harmful
effects to other organisms,
interactions
Reproduce either sexually or asexually.
Multicellular
Gets nutrients from other animals,
other eat plants, other feed on protists.
Invertebrates
Lack backbone
 Sponges
 Cnidarians
 Flatworms
Roundworms
 Segmented worms
Mollusks
Echinoderms
 Arthropods
Sponges
Simplest animals, belong to Phylum
Porifera.
Young sponges are motile, while adults
attached to solid materials like rocks.
The body of a hard sponge is supported by a
“skeleton” called SPICULES, made of either
glasslike silica or calcium carbonate.
Water and food enter through the pores into
the sponge body.
Food is brought to the collar cells with the
beating of flagella.
Waste water and materials go out of the
Cnidarians
Members of Phylum Cnidaria
Consist of animals whose tentacles
contain stinging cells called
NEMATOCYSTS.
 These poison-filled structures are used
for defense and to capture their prey or
food.
Corals form colonies of various colors and
secrete a hard skeleton.
Accumulate to form coral reefs which are
of great importance as they are one of the
Coral reef is where fishes and other
marine organisms breed.
Coral reefs are destroyed by pollution
from oil spills and dynamite fishing.
The silt and sediments that flow down
from the mountains because of farming,
mining and logging activities.
Flatworms
Belongs to Phylum Platyhelminthes ( in
Greek platys means flat, helmins means
worm)
Flat and ribbon like organisms.
Found in freshwater, in wet places and
marine waters.
Free-living or nonparasitic worms, parasitic
flukes and tapeworm group.
PLANARIA- free living flatworm.
Lives in moist surfaces, under rocks in
ponds, rivers and even aquariums.
FLUKES are parasites that live in other
TAPEWORMS- parasitic flatworms.
Without a digestive system like
flukes.
Host- fish, cows and pigs
Humans are infected with
tapeworms if they eat uncooked fish,
beef or pork.
Roundworms
Members of Phylum Nematoda
Long, cylindrical and slender bodies.
Some are free-living while others are
parasites of animals and plants.
Free- living ones are important as they are
decomposers in the soil in both marine
and freshwaters.
Found in decaying organic matter
Parasitic roundworms can be found in
moist tissues of plants and animals.
Heartworms for example can infect
dogs and cats.
Humans can be infected with
parasitic roundworms such as
trichina worms, hookworms and
more common pinworms and ascaris.
Segmented Worms
Belongs to Phylum Annelida
Segmented or repeated body parts
which makes them move easily and
with flexibility.
Found crawling in moist soil or
swimming in sea and freshwaters.
Examples are earthworms, polychaetes
and leeches.
Most polychaetes are marine living in
tubes attached to rocks or sands.
Example is sandworms.
Have nervous, circulatory, digestive
and excretory system.
Gas exchange only occurs by diffusion
through their skin.
Leeches are blood-sucking annelids.
Mollusks
Belongs to Phylum Mollusca
Soft bodied invertebrates with most of
them covered by a shell.
They have complex respiratory,
reproductive, circulatory, digestive and
excretory systems functioning together
for their survival.
Three body parts of mollusks.
Muscular FOOT for locomotion
MANTLE that produces the shell.
VISCERAL MASS –contains their
internal organs.
THREE CLASSES
GASTROPODS- (Univalves) has only one
shell.
Mostly marine with freshwater and
terrestrial members.
Those living in seas have gills for
breathing and those on land use the lining
of their mantle as lungs.
BIVALVES- consists of two shells attached
to each other.
Some are attached to rocks while others
remain in the sand or mud.
Use their mantle cavity to feed by
Cephalopods
Include squid and cuttlefish with
internal skeleton.
Octopus- shell-less
Chambered nautilus has external
skeleton.
Most active mollusks, moving very fast
using arms and tentacles in catching
prey.
Internal shell
Mollusks
Utilized as food.
Made into decoration items.
Echinoderms
Members of Phylum Echinodermata.
Found in a marine environment.
Tube feet- used for getting food,
moving around and gas exchange.
Examples:
Sea star-can easily regrow have the ability to
regenerate. A cut arm easily regrow into a
new sea star.
Crown of thorns, are predators of coral
polyps posing a threat to the existence of the
reefs.
Sea Lily- rooted in the sand at the bottom of
the sea.
Sea Cucumber- burrows in mud of deep or
shallow waters.
Used as ingredient for chopsuey and soups.
Sea urchin-edible. Consume algae that
otherwise overgrow and kill the corals.
Arthropods
Belong to Phylum Arthropoda.
Considered the most successful of all animal
phyla as they are present in almost all types of
habitats. There are arthropods that walk or
crawl, some can fly, while others swim in salty
and fresh waters.
Have an exoskeleton.
Increase in size through the process of molting
Arthropods are grouped based on the type of
exoskeleton, the number of body sections and
kind of appendages like mouth parts present.
Crustaceans
Food to humans.
Small ones are eaten by fishes and even
whales.
Includes water fleas, crabs,shrimps, lobsters
and barnacles.
Have hard exoskeletons and have mandible to
bite and grind food.
All crustaceans live in water with the
exception of the pill bug.
Aquatic crustaceans have gills for breathing.
Arachnids
Have to body sections, most with four pairs of
legs and mouthparts called chelicerae and
pedipalps.
Use book lungs to respire.
SPIDERS- thin and flexible exoskeleton are
the largest members of the group.
Mites and ticks are parasitic arachnids.
Cause itching to some mammals, including
humans.
SCORPIONS- have poisonous sting.
HORSEHOE CRAB- considered the oldest
living arthropod.
Millipedes and Centipedes
Close relatives of insects have long,
wormlike segmented bodies.
Have a pair of antenna and each segment
bear a pair or two legs.
Live in soil, under rocks or rotting logs and
leaves.
Millipedes have two pairs of legs per
segment and roll up when disturbed.
Feed on decaying matter.
Centipedes
Have a pair of legs in a segment.
Have venom containing claws and feed on
earthworms, even other arthropods and
small animals.
Insects
 largest group among arthropods.
Have three body sections, three pairs of
legs, a pair of antenna and one to two
pairs of wings.
Successful animals because they
reproduce rapidly.
Aedes aegypti- transmits through its bite
the virus that causes dengue.
Chordates
Belongs to Phylum Chordata.
Four characteristics:
1. Notochord-becomes the backbone
2. Dorsal hollow nerve cord
3. Gill slits
4. Post- anal tail
Vertebrates
With backbone
Most of vertebrates are sea and land
dwellers forming the large group of
chordates.
Fishes
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Fishes
Found in salty, fresh, cold or even hot water.
Most of them have scales for protection,
paired fins for movement and gills for gas
exchange.
May lay eggs to reproduce or give birth to
live young.
Cold blooded – changes their body
temperature when the temperature of the
environment changes.
Certain fishes do not have true teeth or may
be jawless.
Jawless Fishes
Jawless fishes belong to Class Agnatha.
Examples- lampreys and hag fish.
Lampreys- being parasites, have tooth-like
structures in their mouth that can attach to
bodies of other fishes and feed on their
tissues and blood.
Hagfish- wormlike and use a toothlike
tongue to eat dead organisms.
Cartilaginous Fishes
Rays,skates and sharks
Have skeleton made of the soft, flexible
protein material called CARTILAGE.
Most are covered with a tough,sandpaperlike
skin due to the presence of toothlike scales.
Skates and rays have winglike fins and move
in gliding motion through the water.
Some of them eat floating planktons while
others feed on invertebrates at the bottom of
the seas and oceans.
Shark
May feed on small fishes or on floating
algae.
Whale shark ( Rincodon typus) –the
largest fish, and locally known as
butanding is found in marine waters of
Cebu, Sorsogon, and Dumaguete.
Bony Fishes
Class Osteichthyes.
Have an endoskeleton made of hard,
calcium material called bone.
More familiar as bangus,tuna,goldfish and
tilapia.
Lungfish- breathes through the lungs in
addition to having gills.
Eels- wormlike fishes.
Food of humans and other animals.
Amphibians
Means “double life” from which amphibians
got their name.
Animals that live part in water and part on
land.
Most lay small, shell-less eggs surrounded by
jellylike substance in moist places or in water.
Three Groups:
 CAECILIANS
SALAMANDERS
FROG and TOADS
CAECILIANS
Live in water or bury themselves in moist soil.
SALAMANDERS
Live in forest floors under rocks and decaying
logs.
FROGS and TOADS
Jump
Some frogs can leap and attach to tree trunks
and branches.
Toads are terrestrial and can even survive in
hot places or desert.
Frogs have smooth skin while toads have rough
or warty skin.
Frogs and Toads eat worms, insects or small
animals.
Reptiles
Animals that exhibit more adaptations for
living on land.
Lay eggs with shells to protect them from
drying.
Have smooth or rough scales for protection
from loss of body water.
Lizards and Snakes
Have smooth scales.
Examples of lizards: house lizard, gecko
(tuko), monitor lizard ( bayawak),
chameleon and horned toad.
SNAKES- legless and have flexible jaws to
enable them to swallow their prey whole.
A common species is the reticulated python
seen in zoos.
Poisonous species include the cobra and the
rattle snake.
Snake however, avoid people and do not
attack unless provoked or hurt.
Crocodiles and Alligators
Predators of fish, deers, small cows or
carabaos, and even attack humans.
Alligators live in freshwater and are only
found in North and South America.
Crocodiles live in fresh and salty waters in
tropical and subtropical regions.
Considered a critically endangered
crocodile species in the world.
Turtles and Tortoises
Enclosed in a shell.
The head, legs and tail are pulled inside this
shell as protection from predators.
TORTOISES- live on land while TURTLES-
live mostly in water.
PAWIKAN ( marine turtles)- live in the sea
and females come to shore only to lay eggs.
Some are in danger of extinction.
Birds
Adapted to fly.
Enable them to fly:
Presence of wings and feathers
Large flight muscles in the breast bone and
reduced weight.
Birds weigh less because their bones are light
and hollow filled with air.
Have eggs with shells and the legs are
covered with scales.
Body temperature remains the same despite
varying environmental temperature due to
the insulation provided by feathers.
Maya- seed cracking
Philippine Eagle- cutting
Long-Tailed Nightjar- insect catching
Marsh Snipe- probing
Duck- sleving
Mammals
Have mammary glands that produce milk to
nourish their young and most have hair or fur.
Breathe in air, have four-chambered hearts
Warm blooded.
Monotremes
Lay eggs similar to those of birds.
Egg-laying mammals
Examples:
Spiny anteater ( echidnas)
Duck- billed platypus
Marsupials
Pouched mammals also give birth to live
young.
After birth,the young are kept inside pouches
and are nourished with the milk from the
mammary glands within these pouches.
koalas
Opossum
Wombats
kangaroos
Eutherians
Largest group of mammals.
Known as the placental mammals, they bear
fully developed young inside the mother’s
uterus.
PRIMATES- most highly developed of all
animals.
Lemurs, monkeys, apes and Humans
Placental Mammals
Order Characteristics Examples
Insectivora Insect-eating Shrews, moles
Chiroptera flying bats
Rodentia gnawing Rats, mice,squirrels
lagomorpha rodentlike Rabbits, hares
Edentata toothless Armadillos
Cetacea aquatic Whales, dolphins
Sirenia aquatic Dugong, manatee
Proboscidea Trunk-nosed elephants
Carnivora Flesh-eating Dogs, cats, bears,
seals, walruses
Ungulata Hoofed foot Horses, zebras,
rhinoceros, giraffes,
carabaos, goats, pigs
Primates Large brain relative Lemurs, monkeys,
to body size apes, Humans