Internet Concepts Unit 3 Pheonix CLZ

INTERNET
CONCEPTS
INTERNET NUMBER MANAGEMENT
1. IANA is responsible for the global
coordination of the DNS Root, IP addressing,
and other Internet protocol resources.
 - It allocates and maintains unique codes and
numbering systems that are used in various

Internet protocols.
 - IANA manages the top-level domain (TLD)
name space, allocates IP address space,

assigns protocol identifiers, manages the
operation of the DNS root server system, and
maintains the .arpa domain, among other
functions.
RIRS (REGIONAL INTERNET
REGISTRIES)
 - RIRs are regional organizations responsible for the
allocation and management of Internet number resources
within their respective regions.
 - There are currently five RIRs, each responsible for a
specific geographic region:
 - ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers) - Serving
the United States, Canada, and parts of the Caribbean.
 - RIPE NCC (Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination
Centre) - Serving Europe, the Middle East, and parts of
Central Asia.
 - APNIC (Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre) - Serving
the Asia-Pacific region.
 - LACNIC (Latin America and Caribbean Network Information
Centre) - Serving Latin America and parts of the Caribbean.
 - AFRINIC (African Network Information Centre) - Serving
Africa.
CONTINUE..
 National Internet Registries (NIRs): In
some cases, countries have established NIRs
to manage and distribute IP addresses within
their national borders. NIRs work under the
authority of the respective RIR in their
region.
 Internet Service Providers (ISPs): ISPs
are responsible for assigning IP addresses to

their customers, typically through methods
such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) for IPv4 or stateless address
autoconfiguration for IPv6.
CONTINUE..
 LIR stands for "Local Internet Registry." It's an

organization or entity that has been allocated
IP address blocks by a Regional Internet
Registry (RIR) and is responsible for
distributing and managing IP addresses
within a specific geographic region, typically
on a smaller scale than the RIR itself.
INTERNET ACCESS OVERVIEW
 Internet connection options vary by
Internet Service Provider and by region.
 Customers should consider some of the
following factors before selecting an Internet

package and Internet connection type:
 connection speed or bandwidth,
 cost, availability,
 reliability and convenience

OVERVIEW
 Types of Internet Connections:
 Broadband: Broadband internet connections provide high-
speed access to the Internet and are typically always-on.
 DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): DSL utilizes existing
telephone lines to deliver internet access.
 Cable: Cable internet uses coaxial cable infrastructure to
deliver high-speed internet access.
 Fiber Optic: Fiber optic internet delivers ultra-fast speeds
by transmitting data using light signals through fiber optic
cables.
 Satellite: Satellite internet provides internet access via
satellite signals, making it available in remote or rural
areas where other types of connectivity are limited.
 Wireless: Wireless internet connections, such as Wi-Fi,
cellular data, and fixed wireless broadband, enable users to
connect to the Internet without physical cables.
CONTINUE..
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
 ISPs are companies or organizations that
provide internet access to customers. They

offer various plans and packages with
different speeds, data limits, and pricing.
 ISPs can be large telecommunications
companies, cable providers, satellite

operators, or local/regional internet service
providers.
CONTINUE..
Access Devices:
 Users connect to the Internet using a variety
of devices, including computers,

smartphones, tablets, gaming consoles,
smart TVs, and IoT (Internet of Things)
devices.
 Access devices require compatible network
interfaces (such as Ethernet ports, Wi-Fi

adapters, or cellular modems) to connect to
the Internet through wired or wireless
connections.
CONTINUE..
Internet Protocols and Services:
 Internet Protocol (IP) is the foundational
protocol that enables devices to

communicate over the Internet. IPv4 and
IPv6 are the two main versions of IP currently
in use.
 Users access a wide range of online services
and resources, including websites, email,

social media platforms, cloud storage, online
banking, streaming media, and e-commerce
websites.
CONTINUE..
Internet Governance and Regulation:
 Internet access is subject to various
regulations and policies imposed by

governments, regulatory bodies, and
international organizations.
 Net neutrality, privacy protections,
cybersecurity measures, and competition

policies are among the key issues in internet
governance and regulation.
INTERNET BACKBONE NETWORKS
 An optical backbone, also known as an
optical fiber backbone or fiber optic
backbone, is a high-capacity
telecommunications infrastructure that forms
the core of a network.
 It primarily consists of optical fiber cables,
which are strands of glass or plastic that

transmit data as pulses of light.
MARINE CABLES
 Marine cables, also known as submarine
cables or undersea cables, are crucial
components of global telecommunications
infrastructure.
 These cables are laid on the ocean floor and
connect continents, islands, and countries,

facilitating international communication and
data exchange.
TELEPORTS
 Teleports are the channel by which satellite
can be integrated into complex networks
involving fiber, microwave, wireless and
mobile technologies to expand their reach
beyond the edge of the network.
SATELLITE
 Satellite internet provides connectivity across
the globe from space in places that terrestrial
methods can not reach.
 Satellite internet works by transmitting data
between ground stations and satellites

orbiting the Earth.

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INTERNET

numbering systems that are used in various

name space, allocates IP address space,

are responsible for assigning IP addresses to

 LIR stands for "Local Internet Registry." It's an

following factors before selecting an Internet

 reliability and convenience

provide internet access to customers. They

companies, cable providers, satellite

of devices, including computers,

interfaces (such as Ethernet ports, Wi-Fi

protocol that enables devices to

and resources, including websites, email,

regulations and policies imposed by

cybersecurity measures, and competition

which are strands of glass or plastic that

connect continents, islands, and countries,

between ground stations and satellites

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