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OF/FTI/ALL /18 Issue No: 1

PPT 1
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
This course contains two units:
Unit 1:Design Effective and Efficient Lighting for
Residential, Commercial and Industrial Buildings
Unit 2: Application of Computer Aided Design (CAD)-
Auto CAD for BEI.
Including, Cost estimation or preparing Bill of Quantity
(BOQ) and Preparing Electrical Report
Important Regulation and Skill.
1) EBCS
2) Basic Fundamentals of Electrical
Technology
3) Electrical Work Shop Practise
4) Auto CAD
5) Microsoft EXCEL and Word
Unit One: Design Effective and Efficient Lighting
Installation System
 Unit 1:
Design Effective and Efficient Lighting for
Residential, Commercial and Industrial Buildings.

1.1 Introduction
Importance of Electrical Installation
1)Instructs and guides electricians in performing the required
wiring and electrical equipment installation.
2) Provides the owner with an “as-built” record of the
installed electrical wiring and equipment for the purposes of
maintenance or planning future expansion.
3) Describes the electrical project in sufficient detail to allow
electrical contractors to use the drawings in estimating the cost of
materials, labor, and services when preparing a contract bid.
 General Installation Work of
Residential Electrical Installation

1) Lighting Installation
2) Socket Outlets Installation
3) Power Socket Outlet Installation.
4) Telephone Line Installation
5) Bell Line Installation
6) TV Line Installation
7) Grounding Diagram
8) Lightning Protection
9)Power Riser Diagram
10) Site plan
NB) For all installation work, we must have to use Graphical Symbols
Power Riser Diagram (Sample)
 1.2. Interpret of electrical drawing

Electrical drawings, sometimes referred to as wiring diagrams,

are a type of technical drawing that provide visual representation
describing electrical systems or circuits.
A complete set of working drawings for the electrical system in large projects usually
consists of:
 Floor plans: showing the location of electrical systems on every floor or design of
BEI.
 Single-line diagrams: showing power distribution path.
 Power-riser diagrams: showing panel boards.
 A plot plan (Site plan): showing the building's location and outside electrical wiring
 Types of Electrical Diagrams

Four Types of Electrical

Diagrams

1.Schem 2.Wiring 3.Block 4.Pictoria

atic diagrams diagrams l
Diagrams diagrams
 i. Schematic or circuit diagram

 The schematic diagram of an electrical circuit

shows the complete electrical connections between
components using their symbols and lines.
 It is used to show how the circuit functions.Unlike
wiring diagram, it does not specify the real
location of the components.
 The line between the components does not
represent real distance between them.
 It just shows the simple connection between
components, series and parallel connection
between the components, it does not show the
practical connection.
ii. Wiring diagram.

A wiring diagram is a simple visual representation of the physical

connections and physical layout of an electrical system or circuit.
It shows how the electrical wires are interconnected and can also show
where fixtures and components may be connected to the system.
 iii. Block diagram.
A block diagram shows the major components of
electrical interrelations in block, or square or
rectangular, form.
It is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts
or functions are represented by blocks connected by
lines that show the relationships of the blocks.
The lines between the blocks represent the
connections between the systems or components.
 iv. Pictorial diagram.

A pictorial diagram uses pictures to

represent the different components
of a particular system.
Pictorial diagrams can vary in level
of detail. Some diagrams may have
realistic pictures to make the
various components easier to
identify.

Wiring diagram Versus a pictorial diagram.

• Wiring diagram uses abstract or simplified shapes and lines to show
components.
• Pictorial diagrams are often photos with labels or highly-detailed drawings
of the physical components.
 Common Electrical symbols

Electrical symbols used in sketching wiring plan and

diagram. These symbols are based on the Ethiopian
Building Code Standard (EBCS-10).
Electrical symbols
 Building Electrical Installation Design

The electrical design is consisting of lighting circuit, bell circuits, intercom

circuits, telephone line circuits, TV and Internet circuits, SOL circuits, grounding
and lightning circuits, power circuit and others.
The symbols and diagrams of the electrical circuits must be drawn at the right
location and scale where the equipment and devices are planned to situate.
It specifies their exact location with their size and distance from each wall and
ceiling.
 Electrical blueprint:
• Shows how the electrical system of the building to be constructed.
• These plans show positions of MDB, socket-outlet, luminaries, light switches,
and any other light fixtures or items that need to be powered by electricity.
1.3 Determining number of luminaries of a room
To determine number of lamps, we should have to know the
following important information
1. Type of a room.
2. Length and width of a room.
3. Color of ceiling and wall
4. Type or lumen of a lamp and its condition.
5. Mounting height of a lamp.
Total light energy required for the room, Ф
For lighting design and calculations, commonly we use the lumen method.
This method is also called photometrical computation and mostly used for
interior lighting calculation.
To determine the total number of luminaries(n), required to produce a
given luminance by the lumen method we apply the following formula:
Ф = [lumen]
. Illumination level of some rooms. (EBCS – 10)
Continued…
 Utilization Factor, UF

The light flux reaching at the working plane is always less than the
lumen output of the lamp due to some of the light is absorbed by the
various surface textures.
Utilization Factor is Proportion of light reaching working plane to
the light output of lamps.

The UF is expressed as a number which is always less

than unity;
• Utilization factor mainly depends on:
 Color surface of walls and ceiling;
 Mounting height of lamps;
 Area to be illuminated and
 Room Index, k.
Room Surface Reflectance or the reflection factor

This means the light reflected from ceilings, walls and

floors depends on the colours, type of floor and ceilings.
To determine the utilization factor from the luminaire data
sheet it is necessary to know the average room surface
reflectance.
The ceiling is normally considered to be light in colour and
an average value of 70% (or 0.7) of light décor, 50% (or
0.5) for moderate decor and 30% (or 0.3) for dark décor.
The wall is normally considered to be moderate in colour
and an average value of 50% (or 0.5) of light décor, 30%
(or 0.3) for moderate decor and 10% (or 0.1) for dark décor.
Ceiling and Wall Reflectance factor.
Room Index (RI) or K:

To determine Utilization Factor of the room we should have to

calculate Room Index, RI or k
Is ratio, describing how the room's height compares to its length and
width i.e It takes account of room proportions and height of the
luminary above the working plane.
Where L – Length of the room(m),
W – Width of the room(m)
Hm – Mounting height (m)

It is used to determine the Utilization factor. (Table below)

Utilization Factor of the Room (UF) (For uniform emitting rays in all
directions).
Maintenance Factor or Depreciation Factor, MF or DF

It may be defined as “the ratio of illumination under normal working

condition to the illumination when everything is clean or new” i.e.

D.F =

The maintenance factor is based on how often the lights are cleaned and
replaced.
For convenience, it is usually given as three options:
Enclosed fixture, clean room, Good = 0.9
Average conditions, Medium = 0.8
Open fixture or dirty room, Poor = 0.7
 Total Value of Lumen, Ф, of the room.

The total value lumen required for the room can be

determined by the following expression:

Ф =
[lumen] Where
o A -is area of the room in m2
o E – is illumination level of the room (lumen)
which is given in Ethiopian Building
Code Standard (EBCS),
o UF – is Utilization Factor of the room
o MF – is Maintenance Factor of the room

 After that we can determine the number of lamps required (n) by dividing the total
lumen of the room to the output light energy of a single lamp, or
n = where F1 is lumen of a single lamp.
Example 1
A dining room which has 6 m of length & 4m of width to be installed with 100W
incandescent lamp which has 1200 lumen. The lamps are very clean and they will
be installed 2.8 m above the working surface. The wall is painted with pink color
and the roof color is white. Determine the number of lamps required for the room
and show /draw/ their distribution.
[From Ethiopian Building Code Standard EBCS -10 illumination level of dining
room, E is 200 lux.]
Requirement of number of sockets out lets typical residential rooms.
 Distance between socket outlets
• In general, socket outlets should be spaced no more than 4m apart on any wall. However,
there are some exceptions and variations depending on the type and function of the room.
• The distance between socket out lets and water supply and drainage pipe is should not be
less than 20 cm.

Figure 1.8. Position of SOL and switch

 1.4. Design of BEI in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.

1.4.1. BEI design of residential building.

Residential electrical installation includes: all the electrical wiring and equipment
installed in a private dwelling, such as a single-family home or an apartment.
It usually consists of a main service panel, branch circuits, socket outlets, bell circuit,
telephone line, TV line, Water heater, Stove, Air conditioner, Freezer, Washing machine,
lighting fixtures and…..etc
Power socket outlets will supply from individual ACB and cable
On the plans, locate all electrical equipment such as switches, lamps, KWHM, MDB,
SOL, bell push buttons, tele outlets, TV outlets, Stove, fire and smoke detectors, and so
on the appropriate and convinient places.
A residential electrical installation can be a single-phase or three-phase electrical
installation.
 Maximum Circuit Loading
Maximum Circuit Loading - For loads other than motors, the total load on consumer's service,
feeder or a branch circuit shall be 80% of the circuit rating.
But for the future unexpected or expansion of installation work, it is recommended to leave reserve
power
NB: If the load is greater than maximum power (recomended value), we should have to devide it in
to sub-group

Installati Conducto ACB Pmax Recomm

on r size ended
Power
Lighting 1.5 (2.5) 10 A 1760 W 1400 W
mm2
Socket 2.5 mm2 16 A 2400 W 1600 W (8
Out Let SOL)
Activity 1
 1.4.2. BEI design of commercial building
Basic specific needs of Commercial electrical installations

Commercial electrical installations can vary widely based on the specific needs and
requirements of the building or facility.
Here are some of the most common types of commercial electrical installations
i. Lighting installation
ii. Power installation
iii. HVAC installation.
iv. Grounding
v. Fire alarm installation.
vi. Security system installation
vii. Data and communications installation
viii.Lightning protection installation….etc
Example 2
A certain office which has 25 m of length & 10m of width to be installed with
40W fluorescent tube which has 2850 lumen. The fluorescent tubes are very
clean and they will be installed 2.8 m above the working surface. The wall is
painted with sky blue color and the roof color is white. Determine the number of
fluorescent tubes required for the room and show /draw/ their distribution.
[From Ethiopian Building Code Standard EBCS -10 illumination level of office,
E is 500 lux.]
Activity 2