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    Lecture 12

    Uploaded by

    Taimoor Shahid Bajwa
    lec

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecture 12

    Uploaded by

    Taimoor Shahid Bajwa
    3 views12 pages
    lec

    Original Title

    lecture 12

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    lec

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    3 views12 pages

    Lecture 12

    Uploaded by

    Taimoor Shahid Bajwa
    lec

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Example

    • A city of 200,000 people discharges 37.0


    cfs of treated sewage having an ultimate
    BOD of 28.0 mg/L and 1.8 mg/L DO into a
    river with a flow of 250 cfs and velocity of
    1.2 ft/sec. Upstream of the discharge point,
    the river has a BOD of 3.6 mg/L and a DO
    of 7.6 mg/L. The saturation DO is 8.5
    mg/L, kd = 0.61 day-1, and kr = 0.76 day-1.
    Determine a) the critical DO and critical
    distance, and b) the DO at 10 miles
    downstream.
    1. Determine Initial
    Conditions
    a. Initial dissolved oxygen concentration
    Qw DOw  Qr DOr
    DO 
    Qw  Qr

    DO 
    1.837.0  7.6250
     6.85
    mg
    250  37 L

    b. Initial dissolved oxygen deficit


    D  DOs  DO
    mg
    Da  8.5  6.85  1.6
    L
    1. Determine Initial
    Conditions
    c. Initial ultimate BOD concentration
    Qw Lw  Qr Lr
    La 
    Qw  Qr

    La 
    2837.0  3.6250
     6.75
    mg
    250  37 L
    Step 1. Variations
    • Flow given in cfs, not m3/s – does not
    matter for mixing calculations
    • Saturation DO given – no need to look up
    • Ultimate BOD given – no need to calculate
    from BOD5
    2. Determine Reaeration Rate
    • kr = 0.76 day-1 given
    • no need to calculate from stream geometry
    • assume given value is at the stream
    temperature (since not otherwise specified),
    so no need to correct
    3. Determine the Deoxygenation
    Rate
    • kd = 0.61 day-1 given
    • no need to calculate corrections from
    stream geometry
    • assume given value is at the stream
    temperature (since not otherwise specified),
    so no need to correct
    5. Calculate Critical time and DO

    1  kr  k r  k d 
    tc  ln  1  Da 
    kr  kd  kd  k d La 

    1  0.76  0.76  0.61 


    tc  ln  1  1.6 
    0.76  0.61  0.61  0.616.75 
    tc  1.07 day
    5. Calculate Critical time and DO

    • Problem asked for critical distance


     ft  s  hr  1 mi 
    xc  1.07 d1.2  3600  24  
     s  hr  d  5280 ft 
    xc  20.9 mi
    5. Calculate Critical time and DO
    • Minimum DO

    Dc 
    kr  ka
    e 
    k d La  kd tc  kr tc
    e 
     Da e  k r tc

    Dc 
    0.616.75 0.611.07  0.76 1.07 
    e e 
    0.76  0.61
     0.76 1.07 
     1 .6 e
    mg
    Dc  2.58
    L
    5. Calculate Critical time and DO
    DOc  DOs  Dc
    mg
    DOc  8.5  2.58  5.7
    L
    4. DO as function of time (at 10
    miles)
     ft 
    10 mi  5280 
     mi 
    t10 miles   0.51 d
     ft  s  hr 
    1.2  3600  24 
     s  hr  d

    Dc 
    0.616.75 0.611.07  0.76 1.07 
    e e 
    0.76  0.61
     0.76 1.07 
     1.6e
    4. DO as function of time (at 10
    miles)
    mg
    D10 miles  2.58
    L
    mg
    DO10 miles  8.5  2.58  5.9
    L

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