LOCAL AND

GLOBAL
COMMUNICATI
ON IN
MULTICULTUR
AL SETTINGS
“Every country has its own
way of saying things. The
important thing is that
which lies behind people’s
words.” - Freya Stark
“Language, more than
anything else, is the
heart of the culture,”
- Stevenson
Two major
varieties or
dialects of
English
AMERICAN
ENGLISH AND
BRITISH
ENGLISH
They differ in
vocabulary,
pronunciation, and
Vocabulary
AMERICAN AND
1.Elevator =Lift
BRITISH
5.Drug store=
2.Apartment = Flat Chemist’s
3.Eggplant = 6.Garbage can= Dust
Aubergine Bin
4.Hood and trunk of a 7.Parking Lot = Car
car = Bonnet and Park
 Spelling
AMERICAN –
Words ending in –er Words ending in –re
BRITISH
1. Center Centre
2. Liter Litre
3. Theater Theatre
 Spelling
AMERICAN –
Words ending in –orBRITISH
Words ending in –our
1. Color Colour
2. Neighbor Neighbour
3. Humor Humour
Lingua Franca
- a language that is
adopted as a
common language
between speakers
whose native
languages are
different.
Register
refers to particular varieties or
styles of speaking and writing
which vary in their degrees of
formality depending on the topic
(what), purpose (why), context
(where), and audience (who)
Types of
Registers
Very Formal, Frozen, or
Static Register
This register is “frozen” in time and
content because it rarely or never
changes.
Examples: poetry, The Lord’s Prayer,
laws, marriage vows, insurance policies
Formal or Regulated
Registers
This is the formal and
impersonal language, which is
one-way in nature and used in
formal situations.
Examples are books, news reports,
magazine or journal articles, business
letters, official speeches, and sermons.
Neutral, Professional or
Consultative Register
This is the normal style of speaking between
communication who use mutually accepted
language that conforms to formal societal
standards.
Examples are the types of communication between
strangers, teacher and students, superior and
subordinate, doctor and patient, and lawyer and
client.
Informal, Group, or Casual
Register
This is the informal language
between friends and peers, which
uses slang, vulgarities, and
colloquialism.
Examples are conversations, chats
and emails, blogs, tweets, and
personal letters.
Very informal, personal, or
intimate register
This is the private, intimate
language reserved for family
members or intimate people.
Examples are the kinds of
interactions between husband and
wife, boyfriend and girlfriend,
COMMUNIC
ATION FOR
VARIOUS
PURPOSES
Communication is designed to serve
three basic functions:
• to provide
information
• to persuade or argue
• to entertain, honor, or
praise.
TO PROVIDE
INFORMATION
• give instructions
• provide facts
• clarify ideas
NATURE
OF
INFORMAT
• Objects
may include
anything that is
visible,
tangible, and
stable in form
 •
may comprise any systematic
Processes
series of actions that lead to a
specific result or product.
Communication about
processes explains how
something is made, done or
• Events
can be anything
that happens or
is regarded as
happening.
•Concepts
consist of beliefs,
theories, ideas, and the
like. They are more
abstracts than objects,
processes, or events.
FORMAL
SITUATIONS
REQUIRING
INFORMATIVE
COMMUNICATI
1. The public
lecture2. The status
3. The report
briefing 4. The
fireside
5. The chalk chats
TO PERSUADE
Persuasion is the process of creating,
reinforcing, or changing people’s
beliefs or actions. The ability to speak
and write persuasively will benefit you
in every part of your life-from personal
relationships to community activities to
 Informative
versus
Persuasive Speeches
Element
s of
Persuasi
on
Persuasive
speeches
are intended to influence others.
Because of this, they require more
advanced building blocks to
achieve that purpose.
1. Ethos
2. Pathos
3. Logos
 Types of Persuasive
Speeches
Persuasive speeches address three
types of questions: fact, value, and
policy and while the general purpose
of this type of speeches is to
persuade an audience, the kinds of
outcomes they will produce differ
 Speeches on Question of
• Fact
A question of fact asks whether
something is true of false. The speaker
tries to persuade an audience that
something did or did not occur, or that
event did, in fact, cause• another
Here the speaker should present
sound, credible evidence. He does
not only use facts and statistics but
also uses examples, testimony,
definitions or narrative as
 Speeches on Question of
• Value
A question of value asks for a
subjective evaluation of something’s
worth, significance, quality, or
condition.
• It addresses individual opinion and
cultural beliefs rather than proving
something to be objectively true or
false.
 Speeches on Questions
of
• Asks Policy
what specific course of action
should be taken or how a problem
should be solved.
• Speeches on question of policy ask the
audience to personally take (or not take) a
particular action or support (or not support) a
particular position. Speakers might request
immediate involvement, general support for a
social or political movement of some kind,
disapproval of an idea, or a change in behavior
TO ENTERTAIN, HONOR,
OR PRAISE
• The purpose is to perform a ritual –
a ceremonial act that is
characterized by qualities or
procedures that are appropriate to
the occasion. • They are a bit more formal, but
formality refers more to the degree
of professionalism used by the
speaker to share his ideas with his
listeners.
General Types
of Special
Occasion
Speeches
Courtesy
Speeches
1.Speech of
Introduction
2.Speech of
Ceremonial
Speeches
1.Commencement
Address
2.Tributes
Types of Speeches
according to Delivery
1.Read or Manuscript
2.Memorized
3.Impromptu
4.Extemporaneous