Powerpoint On Food

Powerpoint on Food
By Yummy Foods Restaurant

Food is one of the basic necessities of life. Food contains nutrients—substances essential for the
growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues and for the regulation of vital processes.
Nutrients provide the energy our bodies need to function.
The energy in food is measured in units called calories. Age, sex, weight, height, and level of
activity determine the number of calories a person needs each day. Depending on age, sex, and
activity level, the recommended daily caloric intake for a child aged 11 to 14 can range anywhere
from 1,600 to 2,600 calories per day, with sedentary girls needing the fewest calories and active
boys needing the most. For adults, this can range from 1,800 to about 3,000.
Scientists divide nutrients into six major groups: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins,
and water. Most foods contain all or most nutrient groups, in different amounts.
Carbohydrates provide energy for the body. Nearly all the carbohydrates we eat come from plants.
They include starches found in cereal grains and plants like potatoes and yams. Sugars, found in
fruits, vegetables, and milk, are also carbohydrates. Sugarcane and sugar beets are grown
specifically for their high sugar content.
Many of the starches and sugars we eat have been processed into products, such as flour and
corn syrup. These processed carbohydrates are used in cookies, cakes, breads, pastas, and pies.
Fats provide more than twice as much energy as carbohydrates. They also help protect and
insulate the body and its internal organs. Common fats include vegetable oils, such as soybean,
cottonseed, and corn oil. They are used in cooking and in the processing of many foods. Fats that
come from animal products include butter and lard. Eggs, milk, cheese, meats, poultry, and fish
also contain high levels of fats.
Proteins are the body’s chief tissue-builders. They help keep skin, bones, muscles, and blood
healthy. Proteins also help regulate bodily processes, including transporting oxygen and nutrients
into and out of cells; the clotting of blood; and the formation of antibodies, which help fight
disease. Animal products, such as beef, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy products, are high in protein.
Grains, nuts, and some beans are also protein-rich foods.
Minerals and vitamins are called micronutrients because they are needed in very small quantities
compared with carbohydrates, fats, and proteins (known as macronutrients). Minerals provide
building materials for the body and help regulate its activities, much as proteins do. Calcium and
phosphorus build strong bones and teeth, iron contributes to healthy blood, and iodine helps keep
the thyroid gland working.
Vitamins help the body make full use of other nutrients by assisting the chemical reactions that
make those nutrients work. For example, vitamin B1, or thiamine, helps regulate the release of
energy from carbohydrates, promotes a healthy appetite, and aids the functioning of the nervous
system. Vitamin D helps in the growth and maintenance of healthy bones.
Other essentials for the body’s health include water, oxygen, and fiber. Some scientists include
water in the list of basic nutrients. Water makes up more than half of a human body’s weight. It is
involved in most body processes, such as the regulation of temperature, the transporting of
nutrients into cells, and the elimination of waste products from cells.
Oxygen is not a nutrient, since it is breathed in and not eaten, but it is essential to life. It permits
the release of energy from food inside the body.
Fiber is indigestible material found in most plant foods. It adds bulk to the diet, helping to keep the
intestines healthy. Fiber-rich foods include whole grains, dried beans, and fresh fruits and
vegetables.
A healthy diet contains a balanced mix of different foods that together provide all essential nutrients.
Malnutrition is the lack of a balanced diet. Too few nutrients, too many nutrients, or an imbalance of
nutrients (too many carbohydrates, for instance, and not enough fruits and vegetables) can lead to
malnutrition.
Undernutrition is a form of malnutrition. It is usually linked to hunger. Undernutrition happens when the
body does not get enough food to meet its needs. Many diseases and even death are caused by lack of
food. Death due to lack of food is called starvation.
To get the right amounts of nutrients, people need to select from a range of food types: cereal grains;
fruits and vegetables; legumes, meat, poultry, fish, and eggs; and milk and dairy products. A food
pyramid outlines the suggested amount of these different types of foods people should eat each day.
Contact: 9778164324
E-mail: [email protected]
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