Le Sson 1

Quarter 1 – Module 1
The Nature, Goals and Perspective

in/of Anthropology, Sociology and
Political Science
Anthropology
1. “Anthropos” –human and reason, “logos”- study;

study of human.
2. The study of humankind in all times and all

places; includes topics such as human origin,
globalization, social changes, and world history.
Anthropology is concerned with the study of
human beings as a whole over time, Sociology
is more focused on the lives of everyone within
a society and the way they interact with one
another.
Biological Anthropology
 Or physical anthropology
 The study of humans as biological organisms
including their evolution and contemporary
variation.
 Describe the distribution of hereditary variations
among contemporary populations and measure
the relative contributions made by heredity,
environment, and culture to human biology.
Cultural Anthropology
 Social or sociocultural anthropology.
 Refers to the study of living people and their
cultures including variation and change.
 Deals with the description and analysis of the
forms and styles and social lives of past and
present ages.
 Cultural anthropologists also study art, religion.
Migration, marriage and familty
Linguistic anthropology
Refers to the study of communication,
mainly (but not exclusively among humans.
Includes the study of communication’s
origin, history, and contemporary variations.
Explores how language shapes
communication, since language plays a huge
role in social identity, group membership and
cultural beliefs.
Archeology
Refers to the study of past human cultures
through their material remains. It is the
study of past human cultures through the
recovery and analysis of artifacts.
The study of the ancient and recent human
past through material remains.
Goal of Anthropolgy
It can produce/build new
knowlegde
Recognizes similarities
between cultures
See other cultures without

judgement
Realize that everything is

interconnected
SOCIOLOGY
1. The study of human social relationships and
institutions.
2. Study ofSOCIOLOGY
groups and societies that people build
and how these affect their behavior.
3. Subject matter: from crime to religion, from
the family to the state, from the divisions of
race and social class to the shared beliefs of a
common culture, and from social stability to
radical change in whole societies.
Goals of Sociology
- seeks to understand how human action
and consciousness both shape and are shaped
by surrounding cultural and social structures
Sociology enables us to....
1. Obtain possible theories andd principles about
society, also in various aspects od social life.
2. Critical study of human nature
3. broaden our familiarity on sociological facts
which may lead us to realizing our own prejudices
on different social issues.
4. Expose ourselves to different perspectives on
attaining the truth.
Branches of Sociology – started around 1839 A. D.
1. Theoritical Sociology- it includes micro theory or
small/middle/large theory. The thoeries of Karl Marx,
August Comte, Max Weber, etc are studied under the
theories of sociology.
2. Historical sociology- is the study of social facts
and social groups. It includes the background of any
event.
3. Criminology- this branch of sociology studies the
criminal bahavior of individuals or groups. Origin of
crime, its types of nature, causes as well as law,
punishment, police, etc.
4. Sociology of Religion- it analysis the social
behavior of human beings. It also studies the
religious constitutions and their role in the society.
5. Sociology of Economy- this branch of sociology

studies production, distribution, consumption and
exchange of goods and servies. This branch also
studies the economic activities of the society in
which the focus is given about socio-cultural
factors.
6. Rural sociology- studies the way of life of
rural people as the rural population is higher
than the urban. The patterns of life such as
behavior, belief, culture, tradition norms,
values, etc are totally different than the urban
people.
7. Urban sociology – studies the way of life of
urban people. It gives information about the
social organization and institution of urban
society as well as social structure and social
interaction.
8. Political sociology – studies different
political moments of society, it includes the
study of different study of political ideology
(view), thier origin, development and
functions
9. Sociology of Demography- demography of
scientific mathematical and statically study
of population. It studies about the size,
situation, composition, density, distribution,
and measurement, etc. of the population.
POLITICAL SCIENCE
 The systematic study of government by the
application of empirical and generally scientific
methods of analysis.
 Itis academic discipline that deals with the study
of government and political processes,
institutions, and behaviors.
 Although ithas borrowed a lot of concepts and
subject matter from social sciences, it is
distinguished by its focus on POWER.
In Politics: Who Gets What, When, How (1936)—a work
whose title later served as the standard lay definition of politics
—he viewed the elite as the primary holders of power, but
in Power and Society: A Framework for Political
Inquiry (1950), written with Abraham Kaplan, the discussion
was broadened to include a general framework for political
inquiry that examined key analytic categories such as person,
personality, group, and culture.
Fields of Political Science
1. Domestic politics- the most common field of study, include public opinion,
elections, national government and state, local or regional gorvernment.
2. Comparative politics- focuses on politics within countires (often grouped into
world religions) and analyzes similarities and differences between countries.
3. International relations- considers the political relationships and interactions
between countries, including the causes of war, the formation of foreign policy,
international political economy, and the strucutres that increases or decreases the
policy options available to government.
4. Political Theory- includes classical political philosophy and contemporary
theoritical perspective (e.g. Contructivism, critical theory, and post modernism)
5.Public Administration - studies the role of
bureaucracy, focuses more on civil service
6. Public Law- studies on constitutions, legal
systems, civil rights, and criminal justice.
7. Public policy- examines the passage and
implementation of all types of government
policies, particularly those related to civil
rigths, defense, helath, education, economic
gorwth, urban renewal, regional development,
and environmental protection.

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Quarter 1 – Module 1

The Nature, Goals and Perspective

1. “Anthropos” –human and reason, “logos”- study;

2. The study of humankind in all times and all

See other cultures without

Realize that everything is

5. Sociology of Economy- this branch of sociology

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