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    Fire Hazard

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    Icy iem

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Fire Hazard

    Uploaded by

    Icy iem
    3 views22 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3 views22 pages

    Fire Hazard

    Uploaded by

    Icy iem

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    FIRE HAZARDS

    Fire is composed of three


    elements – heat, fuel, and
    oxygen which when
    combined will result in a
    chemical reaction called
    burning.

    The leading cause of


    death in a fire, by a three-
    Fire consumes the oxygen
    in the air, while increasing
    the concentration of
    deadly carbon monoxide
    and other toxic gases in
    the atmosphere. Inhaling
    carbon monoxide can
    cause loss of
    consciousness or death
    Fire generates a black,
    impenetrable smoke
    that blocks vision and
    stings the eyes. It is
    impossible to navigate
    through such smoke,
    so fire drill participants
    should practice
    evacuating buildings
    by at least two routes.
    Tetrahedron
    Oxygen, Heat, and
    Fuel are frequently
    referred to as the “fire
    triangle”. Add in the
    fourth element, the
    chemical reaction,
    and you actually have
    a fire “tetrahedron”.
    Elements Necessary for a Fire

    Heat
    It is required to elevate the temperature of a
    material to its ignition point.
    Elements Necessary for a Fire

    Fuel
    It may be solid or liquid ,the type and quantity
    of the fuel will determine which method should
    be used to extinguish the fire.
    Elements Necessary for a Fire

    Oxygen
    Most fires will burn vigorously in any
    atmosphere
    of at least 20% oxygen.
    Fire Triangle is a
    diagram which
    represents the three
    components that
    creates a fire such as
    Oxygen or Air, Fuel
    and Heat (source of
    ignition). Absence of
    Classes of fires
    CLASS A Carbon based combustible materials

    CLASS B Liquid

    CLASS C Gasses

    CLASS D Metals

    Fire involving energized electrical


    CLASS E
    equipment
    What is transmission of heat?
    Transfer of heat is responsible for initiation,
    continuation, and extinguishment of most fires. Fire
    can spread by one or more of the following modes:
    • Conduction
    Heat from one body is transferred to another by direct contact.

    • Convection
    Heat is transferred by a circulating medium either a gas or
    liquid.

    • Radiation
    Heat is transferred from one body to another by heat rays a
    medium in between.
    How to Use a Fire
    Extinguisher: A Rapid
    Response to Early
    Detection of Fire
    Pull the pin
    This will allow you to squeeze
    the handle in order to
    discharge the extinguisher.

    Aim at the base of the fire


    Aiming at the middle will do
    no good. The agent will pass
    through the flames.
    Squeeze the handle
    This will release the
    pressurized extinguishing
    agent.

    Sweep side to side


    cover the entire area that is on
    fire. Continue until the fire is
    extinguished. Keep an eye on
    the area for relighting.
    What is fire extinguishing principle?

    Fire extinguishment principle


    involves elimination one or more of
    the components forming a Fire
    Triangle.
    What is fire extinguishing principle?

    Starving
    The removal of fuel to the point so that nothing
    remains to burn.

    Cooling
    Cooling of fuel to the point so that combustion
    vapours are no longer produced, and temperature is
    dropped below ignition point.
    What is fire extinguishing principle?

    Inhibiting the Flame Chain Reaction


    It is represented by fire tetrahedron. In this method
    by arresting the chemical chain reaction in the
    flame zone, combustion process is terminated, e.g.
    introduce a Dry Chemical Extinguisher, inert agent
    etc.
    Human Induced Hazards

    • Technological Hazards
    • Environmental Hazards
    • Socio-Economic, Political, Security Hazards
    Commonly Experienced Fires

    • Building fire
    • Forest fire
    • Arson
    Top Causes of fire

    Cooking equipment is the leading causes of


    home structure fires and home injuries. Smoking
    is the leading cause of civilian home fire deaths.
    Heating equipment is the second most common
    causes of home fire fatalities.
    Common Causes of fire

    • Kitchen Stove • Flammable Liquids


    • Faulty Wiring • Candles
    • Smoking in Bed • Children
    • Lighting

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