Perdevlesson-1 4PPT

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
Lesson 1.4
The Challenges of Middle and Late Adolescence

Objectives:
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
• discuss how facing the challenges during adolescence, you may able
to clarify and manage the demands of teen years,
• express your feelings on the expectations of the significant people
around you, such as your parents, siblings, friends, teachers,
community leaders, and
• make affirmations that help you become more lovable and capable as
an adolescent.
Major challenges that the adolescent faces in senior high
school are the following:
• Self-esteem
• Physical Appearance
• Group belongingness
• Relationship
• Sexuality and sexual relationships
• Academic concerns
• Choosing the right course and career path
• Socio-emotional challenges
Self-Esteem
It is about believing in oneself,
having confidence in one’s own value as a person,
as seeing oneself in a positive way.
Physical Appearance
Teenagers are also more self-conscious of their bodies and physical
appearance, since it is the first thing that other people notice about a
person.
Owing to this, dissatisfaction with one’s physical appearance is a
common reason for teenager to feel lowly about themselves.
Group belongingness
Adolescents strongly feel the need to find a group to belong to and fit
well in.
There is a warm sense of comfort when one can identify with a group
of people with similar interest and values.
One may not need to be wary of peer pressure, since one does not
have to prove anything to anyone.
One does not have to indulge in smoking, drinking, or experimenting
with drugs.
It pays to be true to yourself, and one does not need to please people
by doing what they want him/her to do.
Relationships
Relationships require a person to be emotionally mature-to be rational in
thought and behavior.
Maintaining a relationship with one’s parents may be difficult because
parents usually have different perspective from adolescents.
Parents can be very strict with their kids at times. Being so concerned
about their children’s health, safety, and happiness, along with keeping
up with the demands of their jobs and the house, they have a lot in their
minds.
When adolescents fail to understand why their parents are being
“overly” protective, strict, and/or controlling, they tend to resent and
rebel.
Sexuality and Sexual relationships
During these adolescent years, one’s hormones become very active and
awaken strong sexual passions.
One challenge, however, is how teens may lose control over their
sexual drive and engage in risky sexual practices such as unprotected
sex, which may lead to unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted
diseases
Academic concern
It can be easy to get distracted by other things that may divert one’s
attention from fulfilling his/her academic obligations.
Some distractions include using technology such as watching television,
going on social media, playing video games, and using the laptop/ tablet
for non-academic- purposes.
Another distraction would be the argue to go out, spend time with
friends, play sports, or engage in a hobby when it is not the right time to
do so.
Last but not the least, an internal distraction such as procrastination is
one is one’s worst enemy.
Another academic concern could be the fear of failure.
Self-Awareness and Meeting Life Challenges
To be able to face challenges and deal with them more
effectively, one needs to know how to behave under
such trying circumstance. Modern psychology presents
different approaches for people to better understand
themselves. A more in-depth view of knowing oneself
is provided by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), an
Australian neurologist who espoused the
psychoanalytic theory.
Freud proposed that the mind can be viewed as an energy
system which is divided into three levels of awareness.
The conscious level holds all the things that we are aware of.
It contains the thoughts that we are currently aware of but we deal
with only a tiny percentage of all the information stored in our mind.
The subconscious or preconscious level carries the mental elements
that are not conscious, but of which we can be aware if we choose to
attend to them.
It holds the information that are easily retrievable.
Finally, the unconscious level bears all our drives and instincts that are
repressed, and therefore, are difficult to retrieved (Fiest et al., 2013).
Freud believed that the unconscious holds the vast majority of
thoughts. The material stored in this level are not easily accessible but
it is responsible for much of our everyday behavior (Burger ,2011).
For Freud, the repression of these thoughts, urges, and instincts are
meant to protect a person from feeling of anxiety that would occur if
one became conscious of them (Fiest & Fiest, 2008).
To better understand these three levels of mental life, imagine an
iceberg. The tip represents our conscious – the smallest part but the
most visible. Just below the surface is our preconscious which can be
seen only with effort. The biggest region which is buried down into
deep sea is our unconscious ( Cicaccarelli & White, 2011).
Freud also proposed that human behavior results from the interaction
of the three provinces of the Mind: the “it” or id; the “I,” or ego; and
the final province, the “over-I,” or superego (Fiest & Fiest, 2008).
These three provinces are often not at peace with one another and
create conflict.
These three provinces are often not at peace with one another and
create conflict. Like forces pulling at three at three corners like triangle,
the desires of the id, ego, and superego complement and contradict
one another (Burger, 2011).
A person with a healthy and mature personality will
have a strong ego that controls both the desires of the
id or the superego and monitors each area’s control
over the personality.
How do these three levels of mental life interact and
how do they affect one’s personality development?
id
- operates as a Pleasure Man as its main goal is to
satisfy one’s wants and needs immediately and to
avoid pain at all cost.
This is the personality that is first developed as shown
by how new born babies behave. “ I want it and I want
it now”.
Superego
- functions as the Moral Man since its concern is to
regulate what should and should not be done
It is also known as the conscience and strives for the
ideal principle of perfection at all times.
As a child grows, he/she becomes more aware of social
norms and the proper code of conduct
Ego
-serves as the Decision Maker, comes into play and
attempts to bring balance by being more realistic.
The ego aims to satisfy the id in ways that would not
anger the superego.
In sum, a person with a pleasure-seeking personality
will succumb to the id most of the time,
a person who is ridden by guilt or inferiority is driven
by superego, while
a psychologically healthy person is dominated by ego.
But what happens when the id, superego, and ego
clash and fail to reconcile?
This is when one experiences fear and guilt.
Defense Mechanisms
One’s mind then can be considered as battlefield
among the three provinces of the mind.
So to help the ego manage and survive, the ego uses
defense mechanism as a temporary solution. One such
defense mechanism is denial where one believes that a
threatening experience or the unacceptable idea never
took place.
Working at the unconscious level, defense mechanisms
are coping strategies that help relieve and protect
oneself from unpleasant feelings like fear and guilt.
Freud’s Defense Mechanisms
Name of the Defense Description Example
Mechanism
Repression Forcing threatening A soldier is unable to
feelings into the recall some of his
unconscious experiences during
the World War II
Reaction Formation Adopting a disguise A mother feels guilty
that is directly for feeling
opposite its original uninterested with her
form child. She tries to
prove her love by
being overindulgent.
Regression Reverting to earlier, safer, Bryan is a strong and
more secure patterns of independent adult, but
behavior when he has social or
emotional problems, he
still wants his dad to
figure out the solution
Projection Attributing the unwanted Martin, who likes to have
impulse to an external others do things for him, is
object, usually another quick to criticize other
person. people for being
dependent or lazy.
Sublimation Redirecting wrong Julie, an aggressive
urges into socially child, channels her
acceptable actions hostility into a
sport.

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PERSONAL

The Challenges of Middle and Late Adolescence

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