BUS518

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF
LABOR RIGHTS LAWS IN

SHIPBREAKING INDUSTRY:
A Cross-Country Examination of Bangladesh, India,
and Pakistan
Meet our team!
N U S R AT TA S N I M - 2325527660
MST UMMA HABIBA - 2325096660
MD SAJJAD KHAN - 2325271060
NADIA KHAN NODI - 2325374060
INTRODUCTION
• End of Life: Ships are dismantled after 25-30 years of service.
• Global Scale: 200-600 ships are scrapped annually worldwide.
• Shifting Landscape: Industry moved from developed to developing nations due to

lower costs and lax regulations.
• K e y P l a y e r s : B a n g l a d e s h , I n d i a , a n d P a k i s t a n n o w d o m i n a t e t h e i n d u s t r y.
• L a b o r C o n c e r n s : Wo r k e r s a f e t y a n d r i g h t s a r e m a j o r i s s u e s i n t h i s h a z a r d o u s i n d u s t r y.
1
OBJECTIVES
 To a s s e s s c u r r e n t p r a c t i c e s i n B a n g l a d e s h , I n d i a & P a k i s t a n a n d i d e n t i f y c r i t i c a l
environmental and workers' health and safety issues.
 To r e v i e w e x i s t i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l a n d n a t i o n a l l e g i s l a t i o n t h a t a d d r e s s e s t h e
s h i p b r e a k i n g i n d u s t r y.
 To c o m p a r e t h e a n a l y s i s o f l a b o r r i g h t s i n s h i p b r e a k i n g i n d u s t r y i n B a n g l a d e s h , I n d i a
& Pakistan.
2
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
“Qualitative type”
VA R I A B L E S A N D I N D I C AT O R S
“ Wo r k i n g c o n d i t i o n s
D ATA C O L L E C T I O N M E T H O D S Wa g e s a n d c o m p e n s a t i o n
“Secondary data collection” Labor rights awareness
Enforcement mechanisms”
SELECTION OF COUNTRIES
“Bangladesh, India,
Pakistan”
3
LABOR RIGHTS LAWS IN THE
SHIPBREAKING INDUSTRY
ILO GUIDELINES BANGLADESH INDIA PA K I S TA N

• International • Shipbreaking is • Wi d e r a n g e o f • Wi d e r a n g e o f
standards for safety covered in labor labor protection labor protection
and health law laws laws
• Minimize accidents, • Includes service • Shipbreaking code • Shipbreaking code
track chemicals conditions, health for worker training for worker training
• Ensure compliance & safety • Regulates work • Regulates work
with international • Limits working hours and hours and
instruments hours, mandates minimum wages minimum wages
compensation
4
LABOR RIGHTS ENFORCEMENT:
Challenges and Compliance
CHALLENGES COMPLIANCE ISSUES
• Lack of awareness among workers and • Wa g e t h e f t a n d u n d e r p a y m e n t

employers • Unsafe working conditions
• Informal work arrangements • Child labor exploitation
• Resource constraints in enforcement • Limited access to justice
agencies • Subcontracting chains masking
• Complexity of labor laws responsibility
• Corruption hindering enforcement • Limited access to healthcare
• Informal recruitment practices
5
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS:
Legal Protections
BANGLADESH INDIA PA K I S TA N
• Laws: Bangladesh Labour • Laws: Factories Act, 1948; • Laws: Factories Act, 1934;
Act, 2006; Shipbreaking Gujarat Maritime Board N a t i o n a l L a b o u r P o l i c y.
and Recycling Rules, guidelines.
2 0 11 .
• We a k e n f o r c e m e n t , o u t d a t e d
• We a k e n f o r c e m e n t , i n f o r m a l • Strong framework, varied state laws, focus on Gadani yard.
operations. enforcement, better in Gujarat.
6
Union Rights and Enforcement—Enforcement and Compliance
• Minimal union presence, • Longer history of unions, limited • N e g l i g i b l e u n i o n a c t i v i t y, l e g a l

intimidation, and lack of impact in shipbreaking, regional support not enforced, severe
enforcement. differences. obstacles.
• Agency: DIFE, irregular • Agencies: State maritime boards • Agencies: Local labor
compliance, political (Gujarat active), compliance departments, poor compliance,
interference. varies, decentralized enforcement safety violations.
7
Worker Benefits
• Law Requires Benefits • Longer History Of Unions • Negligible Union Activity
• Often Unmet • Limited Impact In • Legal Support Not
• Ngos Fill Gaps. Shipbreaking Enforced
• R e g i o n a l D i ff e r e n c e s . • Severe Obstacles.
8
FINDINGS
Legal
Union Rights
Protection
Enforcement
Worker
and
Benefits
Compliance
9
KEY R EC OMMENDATIONS
Strengthening the Regulatory Frameworks
Improving Enforcement Mechanisms
Promoting Unionization and Worker Representation
Enhancing Worker Benefit
Increasing Worker Awareness
Fostering International Cooperation
Monitoring and Evaluation
10
CONCLUSION
• Weak enforcement : Laws exist, but
implementation is lacking.
• Hazardous conditions: Workers face
high risks, limited healthcare.
• Unionization challenges : Workers
unable to collectively bargain.
• Informality : Many workers lack legal
protection.
11

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF

LABOR RIGHTS LAWS IN

• Global Scale: 200-600 ships are scrapped annually worldwide.

• Shifting Landscape: Industry moved from developed to developing nations due to

ILO GUIDELINES BANGLADESH INDIA PA K I S TA N

• Lack of awareness among workers and • Wa g e t h e f t a n d u n d e r p a y m e n t

• Minimal union presence, • Longer history of unions, limited • N e g l i g i b l e u n i o n a c t i v i t y, l e g a l

• Law Requires Benefits • Longer History Of Unions • Negligible Union Activity

• Often Unmet • Limited Impact In • Legal Support Not

• Ngos Fill Gaps. Shipbreaking Enforced

Improving Enforcement Mechanisms

Promoting Unionization and Worker Representation

Enhancing Worker Benefit

Increasing Worker Awareness

Fostering International Cooperation

Monitoring and Evaluation

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