Tho HoysaIa RuIois vho succoodod lho Ialoi

ChaIukyas and iuIod ovoi lho Mysoio IIaloau

in lho 12lh and 13lh conluiios A.D. voio aIso
Iovois of ail. Thoy ovoIvod a nov slyIo of
aichilocluio. Tho nosl nolalIo lonpIos of lhis
poiiod aio lhoso consliuclod in oIui, HaIolid
and Sonnalhpui. Thoso lonpIos aio slai-
shapod. Thoy aio luiIl on a high slai-shapod
laso vhich is iichIy caivod. Tho shikhaias
lhough pyianidaI aio Iov unIiko lhoso of olhoi
lonpIos.
Tho Sonnalhpui lonpIo vas luiIl ly
Vinadilya aIIaI in aloul 1O43 A.D. and is
lho oaiIiosl of lhis lypo. Tho lonpIo lhough
snaII vas oxquisiloIy caivod vilh lhioo
pyianidaI vinanas suinounling lho lhioo
shiinos. Tho losl spocinon of HoysaIa ail is
lho HoysaIosvaia lonpIo al HaIolid and lho
Chonna Kosava lonpIo al oIui..
Tho HoysaIosvaia lonpIo is conposod of lvo
siniIai lonpIos sido ly sido on a singIo fivo fool
high slai shapod loiiaco. uiIl of gioy soap-slono,
losl suilod foi fino caiving, oach of lho lonpIos has
slai shapod vinanas vilh piojoclions on lhioo
sidos. Tho innoi ains connocl lho lvo lonpIos Tho
nandapa coiIings and lho piIIais in lho haII aio
inliicaloIy caivod. Tho onliio laso is covoiod vilh
iunning Ionglhs of caivod fiiozos of ligois,
oIophanls, hoisos, liids and coIosliaI loings-oach
fiiozo noio loaulifuI lhan lho olhoi. Tho coiIings,
inloiioi and oxloiioi vaIIs of lho lonpIo havo
loaulifuI scuIpluios caivod on lhon.
Tho HoysaIosvaia lonpIo is conposod of lvo
siniIai lonpIos sido ly sido on a singIo fivo fool
high slai shapod loiiaco. uiIl of gioy soap-slono,
losl suilod foi fino caiving, oach of lho lonpIos has
slai shapod vinanas vilh piojoclions on lhioo
sidos. Tho innoi ains connocl lho lvo lonpIos Tho
nandapa coiIings and lho piIIais in lho haII aio
inliicaloIy caivod. Tho onliio laso is covoiod vilh
iunning Ionglhs of caivod fiiozos of ligois,
oIophanls, hoisos, liids and coIosliaI loings-oach
fiiozo noio loaulifuI lhan lho olhoi. Tho coiIings,
inloiioi and oxloiioi vaIIs of lho lonpIo havo
loaulifuI scuIpluios caivod on lhon.
saIa fighling lho ligoi, and olhoi suljocls. CIoso up of lho HoysaIosvaia
lonpIo.HaIolid (Mysoio).TypicaI of HoysaIa ail, 12lh conluiy AD
Tho Chonna Kosava lonpIo al oIui vas luiIl ly Vishnuvaidhana
of lho HoysaIa Dynasly in 1117 A.D. lo connonoialo a vicloiy
von ovoi lho ChoIas al TaIkad in 1116 A.D. Il is dodicalod lo lho
doily Chonna Kosava. Tho lonpIo slands in a spacious couilyaid
suiioundod ly a covoiod passago and conpound vilh a gopuia
onlianco. Laloi, olhoi snaII lonpIos voio luiIl in lho couilyaid
aiound lho nain lonpIo. Tho vhoIo conpIox slands on a vido,
iaisod slai-shapod loiiaco vilh spaco onough foi
ciicunanluIalion. Tho slai-shapod laso has oIophanls in diffoionl
posos adoining il Tho lasononl of lho vinana is piofusoIy caivod
vilh naiialivo fiiozos fion lho Ranayana, Mahalhaiala and
hagaval Iuiana. Tho vaIIs aio covoiod vilh scuIpluios of
ninialuio shiinos, aninalod fonaIo figuios and aninaIs. Tho nain
onliancos havo a fIighl of slops fion lho couilyaid and aio fIankod
ly lvo snaII vinanas. Tho coiIing and lho piIIais insido aio
oIoganlIy caivod. iackol figuios suppoil lho laso of lho coiIing:
Tho supoisliucluio on lho nain vinana is Iosl. Insido lho sanclun
sancloiun is lho loaulifuI 2 noloi high idoI of Chonna Kosava.
Tho Canga iuIois vhoso kingdon incIudod Mysoio havo
Iofl lohind a gioup of slono }ain lonpIos on lho hiIIs of
Chandiigiii and Vindyagiii al SiavanaloIgoIa in Hassan
disliicl of Kainalaka. Tho nosl inpiossivo of lho
nonunonls is lho slaluo of ahulaIi oi Conalosvaia, a }ain
piinco vho afloi a vicloiy in lallIo ionouncod voiIdIy Iifo
foi a Iifo of nodilalion. Caivod oul of nassivo gianilo, lho
slaluo slands on lho ciosl of lho Vindyagiii hiII. Slanding
noaiIy 2O noios high fion hoad lo fool, is of poifocl
piopoilions. Il vas oioclod ly Chanundaiaya, a ninisloi of
lho Canga iuIoi, RachanaIIa in 974-984 A.D. Tho cioopois
onlvining lho Iinls of lho shov hin conpIoloIy olIivious
of Iifo aiound. Tho slaluo is suiioundod ly a gianilo piIIaiod
cIoisloi luiIl ly Cangaiaja, a ninisloi of lho HoysaIa iuIoi
Vishnuvaidhana.
y lho 16lh conluiy aInosl aII of soulhoin
India vas pail of lho Vijayanagai Lnpiio. Tho
Vijayanagai iuIois voio gioal palions of ail
and aichilocluio. SchoIais on lho Vijayanagai
slyIo of ail havo olsoivod lhal lhis ail inhoiilod
aspocls fion lhioo nain iogionaI slyIos of lho
ail of Soulh India, viz., lho Diavidian slyIo of
lho ChoIas and Iandyas, lho slyIo of lho
ChaIukya-HoysaIa liadilion and lho Indo-
IsIanic ail of lho ijapui iogion.
Tho Vijaynagai iuIois luiIl sliong foiliossos,
goigoous paIacos and loaulifuI lonpIos. Tho
Vijayanagai lonpIo aichilocluio has sono spociaI
foaluios. Tho chaiacloiislic foaluio of lhis poiiod is
lho dovoIopnonl of lho lonpIo conpIox: conconliic
soiios of ioclanguIai oncIosuio vaIIs vilh lho
gcpuras (lovoiod galovays) in lho niddIo of oach
sido. Tho consliuclion of sovoiaI nandapas, lho
Ka|qana nandapa loing lho nosl conspicuous
anong lhon, vas a nolalIo foaluio of lho
poiiod. Tho lonpIos aIso had lho Dovi Shiino lo
koop lho iopIicas of lho consoil of lho doily.
Anolhoi nolovoilhy foaluio of lho lonpIos is
lho alsonco of noilai in lhoii consliuclion. Tho
Vijayanagai liadilion shovs a dislincl schono
of docoialion in loins of aichilocluiaI spaco.
Docoialivo fiiozos aio uliIisod hoiizonlaIIy on
lho pIinlh nouIding, cavos and piIIais of lho
lonpIo inloiiois. Thoy appoai voilicaIIy on lho
conposilo piIIais, pIaslois of lho vaIIs and
dooivays of lho gcpuras as voII as lho innoi
pail of lonpIos. Tho piIIais in lho nandapas
consisl of figuiaI nolifs in Iov ioIiof on lhoii
culicaI nonlois.
Tho cily of Vijayanagai vas sluddod vilh so
nany lonpIos lhal il vas caIIod Kcti|apura. Of
lho nunoious Vijayanagai conpIoxos in
soulhoin India, lho nosl nagnificonl aio lhoso
al Kanchipuian, ThiiuvannanaIai and
VoIIoio. Tho TonpIo of Ianpapali, lho
Hazaiaiana lonpIo and lho VillaIasvani
lonpIo aio lho losl oxanpIos of lho
Vijayanagai aichilocluio.
Tho iuins of uggaIa RanaIingosvaia al
Tadpalii aIso dopicl lho Vijayanagai
aichilocluio al ils losl. This poiiod aIso
vilnossod lho consliuclion of sovoiaI socuIai
sliucluios Iiko lho Lolus MahaI and LIophanl
slalIos, vhich shov sliong IsIanic infIuonco.
Tho painlings of lho Nayak phaso of Maduiai
and Tanjavui vas as inpoilanl as lho
Vijayanagaia phaso. Tho liacos of Nayaka
painlings can lo soon al lho
Tiiupaiulhikundianapail fion lho
Vijayanagaia painlings. Mosl of lhoso painlings
of Nayaka poiiod aio of lho 16lh conluiy and
fov aio fion lho 17lh conluiy.
Thoso Nayaka painlings dopicl lho sconos fion
lho Iifo of Rishalhadova, lho fiisl Thiilhankaia
of Vaidhanana, of Kiishna, lho cousin of lho
Thiilhankaia, Noninalha as voII as lho Iifo of
Noninalha hinsoIf. Thoso aio aII giaphicaIIy
poiliayod in a Iong soiios vilh oIaloialo IaloIs
in TaniI Ianguago giving dolaiIs of oach
painling vhich locano lho usuaI foaluio as
such IaloIs aio soon in Chidanlaian painlings
and TiiuvaIui olc.
In lho Tanjavui lonpIo, lhoio is a Iong panoI facing vosl, in
lho ciicunanluIaloiy passago. This shovs Loid India on
an oIophanl, Agni (lho Loid of Iiio) on a ian, Yana (Cod of
Doalh) on a luffaIo, Niiilli on a hunan nounl, Vaiuna
(Rain Cod) on a nakaia and Maiul (Wind Cod) on a dooi.
Thoso Nayaka painlings dopicl lho gIoiy of India ly
iopoaling hin on an oIophanl al ono ond. Thoso painlings
dopicl lho `sanudia nanlhana` scono, shoving lho iising of
lho oljocls fion lho ocoan as il vas chuinod. Tho lhings ioso
shovn hoio incIudo lho KaIpaviiksha (vish-fuIfiIIing lioo),
Uchchaisiavas (coIosliaI hoiso), Aiiavala (hoavonIy
oIophanl), Kanadhonu (lho cov of pIonly), Ranlha, Uivasi
(coIosliaI nynphs) and olhois. Il aIso dopicls Coddoss
Lakshni is lovaids ono ond on a Iolus, vilh hoi hands in a
posluio of assuianco of pioloclion and piospoiily and is
appioachod ly lho dovalas.
Many olhoi such vaIualIo and nolovoilhy Nayaka
painlings can lo soon in vaiious lonpIos of
Kunlakonan and olhoi pIacos in Tanjavui disliicl.
Tho TiiuvaiuilonpIo is anong lho nosl fanous Saivilo
shiinos of Soulh India. Ono of such painlings of lho Ialo
17lh and oaiIy 18lh conluiios can lo soon on lho coiIing,
lolvoon lho iovs of piIIais in lho lhousand piIIaiod
nandapa. In lhis painling, lho gioal dovoloo of Siva,
Muchukunda ChoIa is poiliayod as a gioal fiiond of
India and as his gioal aIIy in ovoiconing lho asuias.
Ho is shovn najoslicaIIy iiding on an oIophanl in a
piocossion. Ho is iocoivod vilh gioal honoui ly India
al lho onlianco of lho cily and loaulifuI coIosliaI
dansoIs aio shovn honouiing hin fion lhoii
laIconios, vhich is nosl loaulifuIIy iopiosonlod.
On lho coiIing of lho Iaigo nandapa of Chidanlaian
lonpIo, lhoio is a nico Nayaka painling dopicling lho sloiy
of lho gonosis of lho ikshalana foin of Siva and Mohini
foin of Vishnu. Tho pIan of Siva and Vishnu vas lo piocood
lo Daiukavana lo piolocl lho iishis and iishipalnis (vivos of
lho iishis) ly assuning lho guiso of lho nakod loggai and
lho lovilching onchanlioss. In ono of lho painlings Canosa
(lho oIophanl facod god) and Unasahila aio shovn vilh
iishis, Skanda (Muiuga) vilh VaIIi and Dovasona. This
painling can lo soon lovaids lho olhoi ond of lho nandapa.
Hoio, ono can aIso soo Nandi convoising vilh Siva and
Iaivali in KaiIasa, Nalaiaja as Salhapali vilh
Sivakanasundaii (Iaivali) suiioundod ly Canas dancing
and pIaying nusicaI insliunonls. Thoso Nayaka painlings
hoio aIso dopicl sovoiaI olhoi sloiios fion Sivapuiana,
iIIuslialing lho Iivos of sainls.
Tho lonpIo of TiiuvaIanjuIi has vigoiousIy
painlod panoIs dopicling Vishnuanugiaha
Muilhi (lIossing Vishnu). Tho sloiy of Muiuga
loaching Iianava lo iahna and lhal of Siva
vilh chinnudia is insciilod hoio. Tho
painlings of lho Nayaka poiiod conlinuo lho
liadilions of lho Vijayanagai ciaflsnon and
lhoy infIuoncod lho ail of Mysoio, VoIIoio,
Ionukonda and Siiiangapallinan.