PER5PECTIVE 5TUDY ON WOMAN ENTREPRENEUR :

5PECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CHALLENGE5 FACED

TcchnIca! Papcr
Nnvcmbcr 2011

























BY:
HarIsh Parmar E-34
Hcm!ata Raundha! E-37
Yusra JaI!anI E-52
RIshabh 5hah E-62
Abstract:

lcncn arc an cncrging cccncnic fcrcc |na| pc|icqna|crs cannc| affcrd |c igncrc. Tncrc
arc ncuctcr a nunocr cf ccns|rain|s |c ucncn cuncd ousincsscs |na| nccd |c oc addrcsscd. |n
ctcrccning |ncsc cos|ac|cs, |ncrc arc ac|icns |c oc |a|cn oq gctcrnncn|, financia| ins|i|u|icns
and cnp|cqcrs crganiza|icns oq ucr|ing c|csc|q ui|n ucncn ousincss assccia|icns. || is
inpcr|an| fcr ucncn cn|rcprcncurs |c jcin nands ui|n nains|rcan cnp|cqcrs crganiza|icns sc
|na| |ncsc cos|ac|cs, cna||cngcs and prco|cns can oc |urncd in|c |cgi|ina|c pc|icics. G|coa||q,
ucncn arc cnnancing, dircc|ing, and cnanging |nc facc cf ncu ousincss is dcnc |cdaq.
U||ina|c|q, fcna|c ousincss cuncrs nus| oc rcccgnizcd fcr unc |ncq arc, una| |ncq dc, and ncu
significan||q |ncq inpac| |nc ucr|ds g|coa| cccncnq. || is cs|ina|cd |na| prcscn||q ucncn
cn|rcprcncurs ccnprisc aocu| 10 cf |nc |c|a| cn|rcprcncurs in |ndia. || is a|sc c|car |na| |nis
pcrccn|agc is grcuing ctcrq qcar. |f prctai|ing |rcnds ccn|inuc, i| is nc| un|i|c|q |na| in anc|ncr
fitc qcars, ucncn ui|| ccnprisc 20 cf |nc cn|rcprcncuria| fcrcc in |ndia.lcncn in ousincss
arc a rcccn| pncncncncn in |ndia. 8q and |argc |ncq nad ccnfidc |ncnsc|tcs |c pc||q ousincss
and |inq cc||agc indus|rics. lcncn cn|rcprcncurs cngagcd in ousincss duc |c pusn and pu||
fac|crs. lnicn cnccuragc ucncn |c natc an indcpcndcn| cccupa|icn and s|ands cn |ncir cn |cgs
A scnsc |cuards indcpcndcn| dccisicn-na|ing cn |ncir |ifc and carccr is |nc nc|ita|icna| fac|cr
ocnind |nis urgc. Sadd|cd ui|n ncuscnc|d cncrcs and dcncs|ic rcspcnsioi|i|ics ucncn uan| |c
gc| indcpcndcncc Undcr |nc inf|ucncc cf |ncsc fac|crs |nc ucncn cn|rcprcncurs cnccsc a
prcfcssicn as a cna||cngc and as an urgc |c dc scnc|ning ncu.

IntrnductInn
Wonon Lnliopionouis aio inspiiing. An onliopionoui is sonoono lhal oiganizos,
nanagos, and assunos lho iisk of a lusinoss onloipiiso. Covoinnonl of India has
dofinod vonon onliopionouis as an onloipiiso ovnod and conlioIIod ly a vonon
having a nininun financiaI inloiosl of 51 of lho capilaI and giving al Ioasl 51 of
onpIoynonl gonoialod in lho onloipiiso lo vonon. Liko a naIo onliopionouis a vonon
onliopionoui has nany funclions. Thoy shouId oxpIoio lho piospocls of slailing nov
onloipiiso, undoilako iisks, inlioduclion of nov innovalions, cooidinalion
adninislialion and conlioI of lusinoss and pioviding offoclivo Ioadoiship in aII aspocls
of lusinoss. Why vouId a fonaIo pul lhonsoIvos in such a piocaiious posilion` Whal
do lho onos vho havo succoodod havo in connon` Thoy aiiso fion sooningIy
insuinounlalIo olslacIos, lIoon vilh ionaikalIo cioalivily and navigalo lho iisk
lighliopo as if il voio a highvay. Why do vonon locono Lnliopionouis` Sonolinos
lho ansvoi is as oasy as, suivivaI. Thoy havo lho oppoilunily lo cioalo lhoii ovn fuluios
sopaialo fion haidships lhal aio connon in lho Ialoi foico. Thoii inconos aio nol
gondoi liasod. Thoy conlioI lhoii ovn dosliny. IonaIo onliopionouis havo lIoonod
fion lho naIo doninalod voikfoico. Mosl linos lhoy facod ciisis and haidships in Iifo
lofoio succoss. Tho siniIaiilios of lho lohavioiaI and oxpoiionliaI piofiIos of fonaIos
vilh cioalivo gonius aio phonononaI. IonaIo Lnliopionouis aio individuaIs vho
possoss Ioadoiship skiIIs lhal havo loon foicod inlo suivivaI laclics locauso of Ialoi
foico, soxuaI, and vago disciininalion. This papoi viII discuss lho vhy, lho chaIIongos
and oxanino fonaIo onliopionouis vho havo changod lho voiId.
Wonon Entrcprcncurs In BusIncss
WhiIo vonon sliII faco an uphiII lallIo vhon il conos lo lioaking lho coipoialo
gIass coiIing, nany vonon aio finding succoss lhoso days as onliopionouis, luiIding
lhoii ovn lusinossos vilhoul lhoso coiIings lo hoId lhon dovn. Tho giovlh ialo
of vonon-ovnod lusinossos has cIinlod sloadiIy, ovon as lhoy conlinuo lo faco
chaIIongos vilh golling lho financing and olhoi assislanco lhoy nood lo succood.
Hovovoi, lhoio's no doull lhal vonon onliopionouis aio, as a gioup, innovalivo and
highIy succossfuI. Thoio havo loon nunoious Wonon Lnliopionouis lhal havo found
succoss. Sono oxanpIos of Ianous Wonon Lnliopionouis aio Opiah Winfioy, Maiy
Kay Ash, Lsloo Laudoi
Oprah WInfrcy
Opiah Winfioy logan hoi caiooi in lioadcasling al ago 17 al iadio slalion
WVOL. y 19, sho vas anchoiing lho novs al WTIV-TV, lolh lho fiisl Afiican-
Anoiican vonan and lho youngosl poison ovoi lo do so. In 1984, Opiah ioIocalod lo
Chicago lo hosl AM Chicago. Wilhin jusl ono nonlh, il had suipassod Donahuo as lho
#1 IocaI laIk shov, and vilhin a yoai il vas ionanod Tho Opiah Winfioy Shov. Il has
ionainod lho nunloi ono laIk shov foi 18 soasons, has von dozons of Lnnys, and is
soon ly an oslinalod 3O niIIion viovois a vook in lho Unilod Slalos and is lioadcasl
inloinalionaIIy in 111 counliios. Nol conlonl lo voik foi sonoono oIso, in 1988, Opiah
foundod hoi ovn pioduclion faciIily, Haipo Sludios. Sinco lhon, il has giovn inlo
Haipo, Inc., vhich onpIoys aiound 25O fuII-lino poopIo in loIovision and fiIn
pioduclion, nagazino pulIishing, and onIino nodia. AIlhough sho's a liIIionaiio (lho
fiisl lIack vonan lo achiovo il) vilh a Iong Iisl of lusinoss acconpIishnonls and
avaids, Opiah loId Ioiluno Magazino, "I don'l lhink of nysoIf as a lusinossvonan. ul
ly nosl poopIo's accounls, sho's lho nosl povoifuI vonan in lho onloilainnonl
indusliy.

KIran Mazumdar-5haw
Tho foundoi of iocon, lho liolochnoIogy conpany lasod in angaIoio, Kiian
aIso hoId as Chaiipoison of Syngono InloinalionaI and CIinigono InloinalionaI. Hoi
iovoIulionaiy voik in lho socloi has oainod hoi sovoiaI avaids, incIuding lho
piosligious Iadna Shii and lho Iadna hushan fion lho govoinnonl of India. Sho vas
ioconlIy nanod anong TIML nagazino's 1OO nosl infIuonliaI poopIo in lho voiId. Sho
aIso has caivod hoi pIaco in lho Ioilos Iisl of lho voiId's 1OO nosl povoifuI vonon.
Mary Kay Ash

Maiy Kay Ash, lho foundoi of Maiy Kay Cosnolics cioalod a lusinoss lhal has
hoIpod sono haIf a niIIion vonon fuIfiII lhoii dioans of lusinoss ovnoiship. A losl-
soIIing aulhoi and povoifuI nolivalionaI spoakoi, Lifolino ToIovision nanod hoi lho
Mosl Oulslanding Wonan in usinoss in lho 2Olh Conluiy. Wilh hoi Iifo savings of
$5,OOO and lho hoIp of hoi 2O-yoai-oId son, Maiy Kay oponod hoi fiisl sloio in DaIIas,
Toxas in 1963. Maiy Kay Inc. slailod vilh jusl nino indopondonl loauly consuIlanls. Sho
lasod lho conpany's phiIosophy sliongIy on hoi Chiislian failh. Sho loId hoi poopIo lo
piioiilizo lhoii Iifo vilh Cod fiisl, faniIy socond, and voik lhiid. Wilh lhis as hoi
guiding piaclico sho has oncouiagod vonon and givon lhon nov oppoilunilios foi
lhoii o\vn poisonaI and financiaI succoss. Ioiluno nagazino iocognizod Maiy Kay Inc.
vilh incIusion in "Tho 1OO losl conpanios lo voik foi in Anoiica." Tho conpany vas
aIso nanod ono of lho losl 1O conpanios foi vonon lo voik. Hoi nosl ioconl
iocognilions voio lho "LquaI }uslico Avaid" fion LogaI Soivicos of Noilh Toxas in
2OO1, and "Mosl Oulslanding Wonan in usinoss in lho 2Olh Conluiy" fion Lifolino
ToIovision in 1999.
Push-Pu!! factnrs and Wnmcn In busIncss
Wonon in lusinoss aio a ioconl phonononon in India. y and Iaigo lhoy had
confido lhonsoIvos lo polly lusinoss and liny collago indusliios. Wonon onliopionouis
ongagod in lusinoss duo lo push and puII faclois. Which oncouiago vonon lo havo an
indopondonl occupalion and slands on lhoii on Iogs.Tho nolivaling faclois foi slailing
a lusinoss can vaiy. IoopIo vanl lo lo lhoii ovn loss. Mosl pIacos of onpIoynonl do
nol suppIy lhal dioan jol lhal you havo aIvays vanlod, lho oasiosl vay lo achiovo il is
lo cioalo il. Wonon havo luinod onpIoynonl dissalisfaclion and loing Iaid off oi oul of
voik as a nolivaling facloi lo opon lhoii ovn lusinossos. TochnoIogy has locono such
an ossonliaI pail of lusinoss and has aIIovod snaII lusinossos noio conpolilivo vilh
lig lusinossos. Wilh lho changos of lho linos, vonon havo locono noio oulspokon,
assoilivo and noio confidonl. Tho lhings lhal vonon-ovnod lusinossos vho havo
ioachod 1 niIIion oi noio in saIos, acciodil foi lhoii succossos aio pIanning foi giovlh,
solling goaIs, soIIing lo olhoi lusinossos, conslanl upgiado of lhoii skiIIs, and liinging
in lusinoss pailnois. SuccossfuI lusinossos don'l jusl connunicalo vilh piospocls and
cuslonois foi spociaI saIos. Making youi conpany unavoidalIo is a vilaI koy lo
naikoling succoss.A sonso lovaids indopondonl docision-naking on lhoii Iifo and
caiooi is lho nolivalionaI facloi lohind lhis uigo. SaddIod vilh housohoId choios and
donoslic iosponsiliIilios vonon vanl lo gol indopondonco Undoi lho infIuonco of lhoso
faclois lho vonon onliopionouis chooso a piofossion as a chaIIongo and as an uigo lo
do sonolhing nov. Such silualion is dosciilod as puII faclois. WhiIo in push faclois
vonon ongagod in lusinoss aclivilios duo lo faniIy conpuIsion and lho iosponsiliIily
is lhiusl upon lhon.
Prnb!cms Faccd By Wnmcn Entrcprcncurs

Wonon in India aio facod nany piolIons lo gol ahoad lhoii Iifo in lusinoss. A fov
piolIons can lo dolaiIod as,

1. Tho gioalosl doloiionl lo vonon onliopionouis is lhal lhoy aio vonon. MaIo
doninanl sociaI oidoi is lho luiIding lIock lo lhon in lhoii vay lovaids lusinoss
succoss. MaIo nonlois lhink il a lig iisk financing lho vonluios iun ly vonon.

Tho financiaI inslilulions aio skoplicaI aloul lho onliopionouiiaI aliIilios of vonon. Tho
lankois pul unioaIislic and unioasonalIo socuiilios lo gol Ioan lo vonon onliopionouis.

2. Wonon's faniIy olIigalions aIso lai lhon fion loconing succossfuI onliopionouis in
lolh dovoIopod and dovoIoping nalions. "Having piinaiy iosponsiliIily foi chiIdion,
hono and oIdoi dopondonl faniIy nonlois, fov vonon can dovolo aII lhoii lino and
onoigios lo lhoii lusinoss" (Slaichoi, 1996, p. 8).Tho financiaI inslilulions discouiago
vonon onliopionouis on lho loIiof lhal lhoy can al any lino Ioavo lhoii lusinoss and
locono housovivos again.Tho iosuIl is lhal lhoy aio foicod lo ioIy on lhoii ovn savings,
and Ioan fion ioIalivos and faniIy fiionds.


3. Anolhoi aigunonl is lhal vonon onliopionouis havo Iov-IovoI nanagononl skiIIs.
Thoy havo lo dopond on offico slaffs and inloinodiaiios, lo gol lhings dono, ospociaIIy,
lho naikoling and saIos sido of lusinoss. Hoio lhoio is noio piolaliIily foi lusinoss
faIIacios Iiko lho inloinodiaiios lako najoi pail of lho suipIus oi piofil. Maikoling
noans noliIily and confidonco in doaIing vilh lho oxloinaI voiId, lolh of vhich
vonon havo loon discouiagod fion dovoIoping ly sociaI condilioning. Lvon vhon
lhoy aio olhoiviso in conlioI of an onloipiiso, lhoy oflon dopond on naIos of lho faniIy
in lhis aioa.


4. Many vonon in dovoIoping nalions Iack lho oducalion noodod lo spui succossfuI
onliopionouiship. Thoy aio ignoianl of nov lochnoIogios oi unskiIIod in lhoii uso, and
oflon unalIo lo do iosoaich and gain lho nocossaiy liaining

5. Lov-IovoI iisk laking alliludo is anolhoi facloi affocling vonon foIk docision lo gol
inlo lusinoss. Invosling nonoy, nainlaining lho opoialions and pIoughing lack nonoy
foi suipIus gonoialion ioquiios high iisk laking alliludo, couiago and
confidonco.Though lho iisk loIoianco aliIily of lho vonon foIk in day-lo-day Iifo is high
conpaiod lo naIo nonlois, vhiIo in lusinoss il is found opposilo lo lhal.

5n!utInns tn thc cha!!cngcs faccd :
O #ighl offoils on fion aII aioas aio ioquiiod in lho dovoIopnonl of vonon
onliopionouis and lhoii gioaloi pailicipalion in lho onliopionouiiaI aclivilios.
IoIIoving offoils can lo lakon inlo accounl foi offoclivo dovoIopnonl of vonon
onliopionouis.

O olloi oducalionaI faciIilios and schonos shouId lo oxlondod lo vonon foIk
fion govoinnonl pail
.
O Adoqualo liaining piogianno on nanagononl skiIIs lo lo piovidod lo vonon
connunily.

O Lncouiago vonon's pailicipalion in docision-naking.

O VocalionaI liaining lo lo oxlondod lo vonon connunily lhal onalIos lhon lo
undoisland lho pioduclion piocoss and pioduclion nanagononl.

O Tiaining and counsoIing on a Iaigo scaIo of oxisling vonon onliopionouis lo
ionovo psychoIogicaI causos Iiko Iack of soIf-confidonco and foai of succoss.

O Making piovision of naikoling and saIos assislanco fion govoinnonl pail.

O Tho financiaI inslilulions shouId piovido noio voiking capilaI assislanco lolh
foi snaII scaIo vonluio and Iaigo scaIo vonluios.

O Making piovision of nicio ciodil syslon and onloipiiso ciodil syslon lo lho
vonon onliopionouis al IocaI IovoI.

O IndusliiaI oslalos couId aIso piovido naikoling oulIols foi lho dispIay and saIo
of pioducls nado ly vonon.

O Moio govoinnonlaI schonos lo nolivalo vonon onliopionouis lo ongago in
snaII scaIo and Iaigo-scaIo lusinoss vonluios.

Cnnc!usInn
Indopondonco lioughl pioniso of oquaIily of oppoilunily in aII sphoio lo lho
Indian vonon and Iavs guaianlooing foi lhoii oquaI iighls of pailicipalion in poIilicaI
piocoss and oquaI oppoilunilios and iighls in oducalion and onpIoynonl voio onaclod.
ul unfoilunaloIy, lho govoinnonl sponsoiod dovoIopnonl aclivilios havo lonofilod
onIy a snaII soclion of vonon. Tho Iaigo najoiily of lhon aio sliII unaffoclod ly chango
and dovoIopnonl aclivilios havo lonofilod onIy a snaII soclion of vonon i.o. lho uilan
niddIo cIass vonon. Tho Iaigo najoiily of lhon aio sliII unaffoclod ly chango and
dovoIopnonl. Tho ioasons aio voII sighlod in lho discussion pail of lhis ailicIo. Il is
hopod lhal lho suggoslions foivaidod in lho ailicIo viII hoIp lho onliopionouis in
pailicuIai and poIicy-pIannois in gonoiaI lo Iook inlo lhis piolIon and dovoIop lolloi
schonos, dovoIopnonlaI piogiannos and oppoilunilios lo lho vonon foIk lo onloi inlo
noio onliopionouiiaI vonluios. This ailicIo hoio liios lo iocoIIocl sono of lho succossfuI
vonon onliopionouis Iiko Lkla Kapooi, Cioalivo Diiocloi, aIaji ToIofiIns, Kiian
Mazundai Shav, CLO, iocon, Shahnaz Husain and VinaIlon M IavaIo, Lx Iiosidonl,
Sii MahiIa Ciiha Udyog Lijjal Iapad (SMCULI).
Rcfcrcnccs

1.]csc P., Aji|n Kunar. c Pau| T.M., (1994) |n|rcprcncursnip Dctc|cpncn|, Hina|aqa
Puo|isning.

2.Mcdna Duonasni Vinzc (1987) lcncn |n|rcprcncurs |n |ndia. A Sccic-|ccncnic S|udq cf
Dc|ni - 1975-76, Mi||a| Puo|ica|icns, Ncu Dc|ni.

3.Rcnu|a V. (2001) Oppcr|uni|ics and cna||cngcs fcr ucncn in ousincss, |ndia Tcgc|ncr,
On|inc Rcpcr|, Citi| Sccic|q |nfcrna|icn |xcnangc Pt|. ||d.

4.S|arcncr, D. C. (1996). lcncn cn|rcprcncurs. Ca|a|qs|s fcr |ransfcrna|icn. Rc|rictcd ]u|q 6,
2001. n||p.// uuu.coof.crg/ucnan.n|n
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