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    Ygyktvu7d MEIOSIS

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    smahlik

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    Ygyktvu7d MEIOSIS

    Uploaded by

    smahlik
    5 views29 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views29 pages

    Ygyktvu7d MEIOSIS

    Uploaded by

    smahlik

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    CELLULAR

    REPRODUCTION
    Prepared by: Ms. Ma. Filipina Q. Apid, LPT
    LET’S RECAP

    METAPHASE CYTOKINESIS TELOPHASE

    ANAPHASE PROPHASE
    LET’S RECAP

    PROPHASE METAPHASE ANAPHASE

    TELOPHASE CYTOKINESIS
    MEIOSIS
    Meiosis
    • The form of cell division by which gametes, with half the
    number of chromosomes, are produced.

    • Diploid (2n)  haploid (n)

    • Meiosis is sexual reproduction.

    • Two divisions (meiosis I and meiosis II).


    Fertilization
    • The fusion of a sperm and egg to form a zygote.
    • A zygote is a fertilized egg

    sperm
    n=23 n=23
    egg
    2n=46
    zygote
    Meiosis
    • Sex cells divide to produce gametes (sperm or egg).
    • Gametes have half the # of chromosomes.
    • Occurs only in gonads (testes or ovaries).

    Male: spermatogenesis
    Female: oogenesis
    • Meiosis is similar to mitosis with some chromosomal differences.
    Interphase I
    • Similar to mitosis interphase.
    • Chromosomes replicate (S phase).
    • Each duplicated chromosome consist of two identical sister
    chromatids attached at their centromeres.
    • Centriole pairs also replicate.
    Interphase I • Nucleus and nucleolus visible.

    chromatin nuclear
    membrane

    cell membrane

    nucleolus
    Meiosis I (four phases)
    • Cell division that reduces the chromosome number by one-half.

    FOUR PHASES:
    a. prophase I
    b. metaphase I
    c. anaphase I
    d. telophase I
    Prophase I
    • Longest and most complex phase (90%).

    • Chromosomes condense.

    • Synapsis occurs: homologous chromosomes come together to form a tetrad.

    • Tetrad is two chromosomes or four chromatids (sister and nonsister chromatids).


    Prophase I - Synapsis
    Homologous chromosomes

    sister chromatids sister chromatids


    Tetrad
    Homologous Chromosomes
    • Pair of chromosomes (maternal and paternal) that are similar in shape
    and size.
    • Homologous pairs (tetrads) carry genes controlling the same inherited
    traits.
    • Humans have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes.
    a. 22 pairs of autosomes
    b. 01 pair of sex chromosomes
    Karyotype
    • A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number, size, and
    type.
    Autosomes
    (The Autosomes code for most of the offspring’s traits)

    In Humans the
    “Autosomes”
    are sets 1 - 22
    During Prophase I
    “Crossing Over” occurs.

    (Crossing Over is one of the Two major occurrences of Meiosis


    The other is Non-disjunction)

    • During Crossing over segments of nonsister chromatids break


    and reattach to the other chromatid. The Chiasmata (chiasma)
    are the sites of crossing over.
    Crossing Over
    creates variation (diversity) in the offspring’s traits.

    nonsister chromatids Tetrad

    chiasmata: site of variation


    crossing over
    Another Way Meiosis Makes Lots of
    Different Sex Cells – Crossing-Over
    Prophase I

    spindle fiber centrioles

    aster
    fibers
    Metaphase I
    • Shortest phase

    • Tetrads align on the metaphase plate.

    metaphase plate
    Anaphase I
    • Homologous chromosomes separate
    and move towards the poles.

    • Sister chromatids remain attached at


    their centromeres.
    Telophase I
    • Each pole now has haploid
    set of chromosomes.

    • Cytokinesis occurs and two


    haploid daughter cells are
    formed.
    Meiosis II

    • No interphase II
    (or very short - no more DNA replication)
    • Remember: Meiosis II is similar to mitosis
    Prophase II
    • same as prophase in mitosis
    Metaphase II
    • same as metaphase in mitosis

    metaphase plate metaphase plate


    Anaphase II
    • same as anaphase in mitosis
    • sister chromatids separate
    Telophase II
    • Same as telophase in mitosis.
    • Nuclei form.
    • Cytokinesis occurs.
    • Remember: four haploid daughter
    cells produced.
    gametes = sperm or egg
    Meiosis
    n=2

    sex cell sperm


    n=2
    n=2

    2n=4
    haploid (n)
    n=2
    diploid (2n) n=2

    n=2
    meiosis I
    meiosis II
    LET’S RECAP!

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