CREATIVE NONFICTION

• 12-JEAN PIAGET
• 12- ARISTOTLE
• 12-PLATO
GIVE THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING
FILIPINO PHRASES

•Masyado namang mababaw

ang luha mo!
 GIVE THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING
FILIPINO PHRASES

•Sa kasamaang palad, hindi ako

makakasama sa parti.
 GIVE THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING
FILIPINO PHRASES

•Maitim ang budhi ng kanyang

kasama sa trabaho.
GIVE THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING
FILIPINO PHRASES

Butas ang bulsa ko pagkauwi

namin galing sa mall.
 GIVE THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING
FILIPINO PHRASES

Nasan ang asawa niyang lalaki?

Ayun, namamangka sa
dalawang ilog!
GIVE THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING
FILIPINO PHRASES

Matalas ang dila ng tatay niya

kaya siya ay lumayas.
 GIVE THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING
FILIPINO PHRASES

Mabigat ang kamay ni Carding

kaya wala siyang trabaho
ngayon.
Literal Language and
Figurative Language
WHAT IS LITERAL
LANGUAGE
• This is the type of language we speak most of the time. The
words in a literal sentence, give out their dictionary meaning.
Literal language expresses thoughts and ideas in a clear and
specific manner. They do not deviate from the accepted
meaning. Thus, it is easy to understand literal language. This
type of language is often used to deliver important information
and is used in writing scientific, technical and legal
documents.
WHAT IS FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE
• Figurative language is a language that uses words or
expressions with a meaning that is different from the
literal interpretation. For example, look at the sentence
‘raining cats and dogs’. This does not mean that cats and
dogs are falling from the sky. This actually means that
it’s raining heavily.
WHAT IS FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE
• Figurative language is more elaborate than literal
language, and this type of writing is commonly used in
works of literature. A writer uses figures of speech like
similes, metaphors, personification, hyperbole, paradox,
etc. to make the language more elaborate and figurative.
WHAT IS A FIGURE OF
SPEECH?
• A figure of speech is an expression used to make
a greater effect on your reader or listener. It
includes making comparisons, contrasts,
associations, exaggerations and constructions. It
also gives a much clearer picture of what you are
trying to convey.
IN ENGLISH GRAMMAR, THERE ARE
AROUND FIFTEEN TO TWENTY FIGURES OF
SPEECH. HOWEVER, THERE ARE A FEW OF
THEM WHICH ARE USED MORE OFTEN
THAN THE OTHERS. LET US LOOK AT THE
MOST COMMONLY USED FIGURES OF
SPEECH.
• Simile
• Metaphor
• Personification
• Apostrophe
• Alliteration
• Assonance
• Hyperbole
• Euphemism
• Antithesis
• Oxymoron
• Irony
• Pun
• Metonymy
 WHAT IS A SIMILE?

• A simile is a figure of speech that is mainly used to

compare two or more things that possess a similar
quality. It uses words such as ‘like’ or ‘as’ to make the
comparison.
 EXAMPLES OF SIMILE
• 1. My love is like a red rose.
• 2. My brother and I fight like cats and dogs all the time.
• 3. Iniyan is always as busy as a bee.
• 4. My cousin chatters like a monkey.
• 5. Kitty is as proud as a peacock.
• 6. Sruthy works like a sloth.
• 7. My dog, Shadow, eats like a pig after I take him for a walk.
• 8. Stephen slept like a baby after working for ten long hours.
• 9. My father has eyes like a hawk. He finds out even the minutest of things.
• 10. Bob is as cunning as a fox.
 WHAT IS A METAPHOR?

• A metaphor is a figure of speech that is used to make a

comparison, but in a way different from a simile.
Instead, it makes the comparison as if it was literally
true. In other words, it can be said that a metaphor is an
implied comparison. It makes a comparison between
things or ideas that are generally unlike.
 EXAMPLES OF METAPHORS
• My mom has a heart of gold.
• My friend’s sister, Sharon, is a night owl.
• My hands were icicles because of the cold weather.
• You just have to consider the world a stage and act accordingly.
• Dileep has a stone heart.
• You have ideas flowing one after the other. Your mind is an ocean.
WHAT IS PERSONIFICATION?

• Personification is a figure of speech that is used to

attribute human characteristics to something that is not
human. It can also be used to personify an abstract
quality.
HERE ARE A FEW EXAMPLES OF
PERSONIFICATION
• “The moon methinks looks with a watery eye;
• And when she weelis, weelis every little flower,
• Lamenting some enforced chastity”
• “Ah, William, we’re weary of weather,”
• said the sunflowers, shining with dew.
• “Our traveling habits have tired us.
• Can you give us a room with a view?”
 APOSTROPHE
• Apostrophe is when a speaker addresses someone or something that
isn’t there (and really can’t be there)

Here are two examples.

• Oh, rose, how sweet you smell and how bright you look!
• Oh, trees, how majestic you are as you throw down your golden
leaves.
 ALLITERATION
• These types of phrases are figures of speech that have a
similar sounding consonant (non-vowel letters) at the
beginning of each word. You can identify them by checking
for these similarities in two to three consecutive words.
Some alliteration figure of speech examples are-
• Claire, close your cluttered closet.
• Go and gather the green leaves on the grass.
 ASSONANCE
• Assonance is a figure of speech that is characterised by the
use of words having similar vowel sounds consecutively.

• Chips and dips (Repetition of the /i/ vowel sound)

• Surf and turf (Repetition of the /u/ vowel sound)
• No pain, no gain (Repetition of the /ai/ vowel sound)
 HYPERBOLE
• These are one of the most common figures of speech in English,
and you must have used them at least once, even if you are not a
native English language speaker. These phrases are meant to
emphasize the importance of something by using overexaggerated
phrases. Two examples of hyperbole figures of speech are-

• I have told you a million times not to touch my stuff!

• He has a pea-sized brain.
 EUPHEMISM
• Euphemisms are figures of speech that are used to replace
stronger and harsher phrases. These are generally milder or
more acceptable terms that you can use in your
conversations to sound more polite and sometimes,
politically correct. For example-

• She has “passed away”, instead of “died.”

• The company has “let him go,” instead of “fired him.”
 ANTITHESIS
• Antithesis is a figure of speech that contrasts words or ideas
in juxtaposition. It shouldn’t be mistaken with an oxymoron
because the former is a statement that conveys two
conflicting ideas, while the latter is a strategy used to
convey two opposing ideas or concepts in a sentence. Some
common examples of antithesis are-

• To err is human, to forgive is divine.

• Speech is silver, but silence is gold.
 IRONY
• Figures of speech sometimes also express sarcasm. You can use
these phrases to convey a certain meaning by stating the opposite of
it. In common English parlance, such ironic statements or phrases
are easily understood. However, here are two examples that will
make it clearer-
• During a thunderstorm, Thomas exclaimed ironically, “What
beautiful weather we are having!”
• Gerald proposed a useless idea, to which Thomas responded
saying, “That’s genius!”
 PUN
• Puns are also one of the most common figures of speech that you
can use in everyday life. They make you sound witty and even
comical in some cases, and can surely be a conversation starter. A
couple of examples of pun figures of speech are-

• Denial is a river in Egypt (referring to The Nile using the word

Denial).
• Her cat is near the computer to keep an eye on the mouse.
 METONYMY
• Much like synonyms, these figures of speech refer to words that are
used in place of other words (nouns, to be specific). These
replacement words are different from the word replaced but share a
common connection. Here are two metonymy figure of speech
examples-

• “The pen is mightier than the sword.” (here, ‘pen’ has replaced
‘the written word’).
• “If you want I can give you a hand.” (here, ‘hand’ has replaced
‘help’).
 UNDERSTATEMENT
• An understatement is also a type of figure of speech. It is aimed at
inciting a less reactive response to a particular statement. These can
really come in handy during your day-to-day English conversations.
For example-

• Keep your friends close; keep your enemies closer.

• Sue won the lottery, so she’s a bit excited.
 OXYMORON
• Not to be confused with ironies and paradoxes, this figure of speech
is used to connect two opposite ideas simultaneously. This means
that, in an oxymoron figure of speech, two contrasting ideas are
used within a single sentence to have a jocular effect. For example-

• This is another fine mess you have got us into.

• Suddenly the room filled with a deafening silence.
•LET’S PRACTICE
 ENUMERATE WHAT ARE THE MOST
COMMONLY USED FIGURE OF SPEECH
• Simile
• Metaphor
• Personification
• Apostrophe
• Alliteration
• Assonance
• Hyperbole
• Euphemism
• Antithesis
• Oxymoron
• Irony
• Pun
• Metonymy
IDENTIFY WHAT FIGURE OF SPEECH
USED IN THE SENTENCE

1. She is the apple of my eye.

2. His response was as cold as ice.
3. Opportunity knocked at his/her door.
ANSWER

• 1. METAPHOR
• 2. SIMILE
• 3. PERSONIFICATION
IDENTIFY WHAT FIGURE OF SPEECH
USED IN THE SENTENCE

4.Claire, close your cluttered closet.

5.I have told you a million times not to touch my
stuff!.
6.She has “passed away”, instead of “died.”
ANSWER

4. ALLITERATION
5. HYPERBOLE
6. EUPHEMISM
IDENTIFY WHAT FIGURE OF SPEECH
USED IN THE SENTENCE

7. During a thunderstorm, Thomas exclaimed

ironically, “What a beautiful weather we are
having!”
8. Denial is a river in Egypt (referring to The
Nile using the word Denial).
9. Sue won the lottery, so she’s a bit excited.
ANSWER

7. IRONY
8. PUN
9. UNDERSTATEMENT
DO THE ACTIVITY!

1 WHOLE SHEET OF
PAPER
INSTRUCTION: WRITE AT LEAST 3 EXAMPLES OF
EACH FIGURE OF SPEECH LISTED BELOW.