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    Stresses Settlement Lec 1, 4-5-2020

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    Humza Shahid

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    Stresses Settlement Lec 1, 4-5-2020

    Uploaded by

    Humza Shahid
    8 views28 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    8 views28 pages

    Stresses Settlement Lec 1, 4-5-2020

    Uploaded by

    Humza Shahid

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Consolidation Settlement

    Stress due 2V:1H Method


    • Simplified empirical method to assume
    load spread along the slope of 2V:1H.
    • This is based on the assumption that the
    area on which the load acts increases in a
    systematic way with depth.
    • As the same vertical force is spread over a
    wider area, the intensity of load decreases
    with depth.
    Stress due 2V:1H Method
    Strip Footing

    σ- contact pressure
    Rectangular Footing underneath the footing
    Formulae to find stress for various
    footings
    • The bearing pressure from the shallow foundation
    induces a vertical compressive stress in the
    underlying soils. It is change in stress (Δσ) that is
    superimposed on the initial vertical stress.
    • Boussinesq’s and Westergaard’s method can be
    used to calculate induced vertical stress due to
    foundation load but both are tedious. Boussinesq’s
    is more conservative and most appropriate for most
    problems in foundation engineering.
    • Simplified methods can be used to find out the
    stress beneath center of shallow foundation within
    5% of Boussinesq’s values.
    Formulae to find stress for various footings
    Description of various notations
    used in the formulas
    • Δσz– induced vertical stress beneath the center
    of the foundation
    • B- width or diameter of the foundation
    • L- length of the foundation
    • zf- depth from the bottom of foundation to the
    point of concern
    • q – bearing pressure
    • σzD’ – vertical effective stress at a depth D
    below the ground surface.
    Stress charts based on Boussinesq equation
    Stress chart by Westergaard method
    Stress charts for circular footing
    Settlement Computations
    • Consolidation settlement is computed by
    dividing the soil beneath the foundation
    – Various layers
    – Computing the settlement of each layer
    – Summing the computed settlement
    • The top of the first layer should be at the
    bottom of the foundation and bottom of
    last layer should be such that Δσz<0.10σzo’
    Approximate thickness of Soil Layers
    for Manual Computations
    Consolidation Settlement Equations
    Description of various notations
    Class Problem

    σm ‘- over-consolidation margin

    σm ‘= σc ‘- σzo ‘
    Calculate Bearing
    Pressure

    Vertical stress
    at depth z

    Mid point of the


    soil layer

    Initial vertical stress


    at mid point of soil
    layer
    Formula to find out
    stress beneath the
    center of foundation

    Final vertical stress at


    the midpoint of soil layer

    Preconsolidation Stress
    Settlement Calculation
    Example #2
    • For the square
    foundation 1.5 m x 1.5 m
    loaded with 220 kN. Find
    consolidation settlement.
    Permissible settlement is
    25 mm.
    Stress at mid
    point of soil layer
    Example 3
    Solution
    and
    Example # 4
    Practice Problem
    • The allowable settlement
    for the proposed footing
    is 25 mm. Find out the
    settlement and
    determine if it satisfies
    the criteria
    Immediate Settlement
    • Foundation size is 10 x 40 m and is loaded
    with a net pressure of 50 kPa. Depth of
    foundation is 3m and bed rock is 25 m
    from the foundation base. Determine the
    overall settlement using Janbu’s method.
    Use principle of superposition for
    calculating over-all settlement for different
    soil layers.
    Solution
    Computation of Bearing
    Capacity based on Field Tests
    • Notes has already been shared with the
    students.
    • Revise this topic and solve the
    assignment.
    Class Problem
    Average N-value between
    depth 1 m and 4 m is 8
    blows/300 mm. Df is 1.6 m
    below the ground level for
    square footing. Find
    allowable bearing capacity
    for width ranging from 1 m
    to 7m, assuming W/T is
    below 2B. Suggest size of
    Footing for a load of 1000
    kN.

    Calculate BC using
    Teng’s relation for
    (FS=3) shear Failure
    criteria
    Settlement Calculation by
    Bowle’s Method

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