DRRM IN

AGRICULTUR
E
Potoy Alvina
Philippines Climate Risk
Index (1997-2016)
GLOBAL CLIMATE RISK INDEX 2018
Source:
Philippines Climate Risk
Ranking Through the Years
1st
most affected by 4th
weather-related in number of
disasters based on disasters over the
2013 events past 20 years
(Global Climate (2015, UNISDR)
Risk Index 2015)

2nd
Riskiest Country 4th
When it Comes to Most vulnerable
Natural Disasters country (2018,
(2014 World Risk HSBC)
Index)

3rd In Top 10
Riskiest Country
When it Comes to in terms of
Natural Disasters affected
(2016 and 2017 populations (2015,
World Risk Report) UNISDR)
World’s Least Risky and Most
Risky to Natural Disasters

Source: 2016 World Risk Report

Types of Hazards that Affect Agriculture

Hydro-Meteorological

5
Types of Hazards

Sand/shale intrusion due to storm surge in (rice paddy) of Calabanga,

Camarines Sur during the TY Glenda, July 2014

6
Types of Hazards

Flood inundation of ricefields in Brgy. Iraya, Buhi, Camarines Sur during TD

Usman (2018)

7
Major Hazards of Upland, Lowland, Fishery AEZ

UPLAND LOWLAND FISHERY

• Strong Winds • Stagnant/ • Flash Flooding

• Typhoons Flash-Flooding • Typhoons
• Continuous Rains • Typhoons • Storm Surge
• Flash Floods • Saline Intrusion • Drought
• Drought • Drought • Fish-Kill
• Siltation

Source: TCP/PHI/3203 Project, Situation Assessment Report (CBSUA)

 Paddy Rice Production in Bicol and Major
2,000,000Hazards, 1987-2016 Dry Spell/
TS "Glenda"/
TS "Luis" and "Mario"/
TS "Ruby"
1,800,000
El Nino
TS "Ondoy, TS "Pepeng", El Nino/
TS "Cresing" and "Dante" TS "Amang"
1,600,000
TS "Yolanda"

1,400,000 STY “Reming”/ TS "Bebeng"/

TY “Milenyo TS "Juaning"/
TS "Pedring"
STY "Dindo"
1,200,000STY "Sisang"
STY "Rosing" STY "Loleng"

1,000,000
TY "Saling" TY "Monang" El Nino

800,000

600,000

400,000

200,000

-
1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016
All Ecosystem Irrigated Non-Irrigated

Source of basic data: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, www.typhoon2000.ph

CC impacts and Agriculture in Bicol
• Agriculture: Highly vulnerable to hydro-meteorological hazards
(droughts, typhoons strong wind, floods, etc…)
• Recurring hazards affects the industry annually, reducing farm
productivity (PhP Millions of losses)
• Impacts/Effect on livelihood varies depending on crop,
livestock, agro-climatic condition, capacities, farming system,
etc...
• 40.7% of the labor force is in AG (40% of all families –
livelihood/food).
• Poverty incidence is high in rural and coastal areas
 Paddy Rice Production in Bicol and Major
Hazards, 1970-2010

1,200 STY “Kading” STY “Sisang” STY “Loleng” STY “Reming”/

TY “Monang”
TY “Milenyo
STY “Anding”/
1,000 TY “Dinang” TY “Saling” El Niño
El Niño
STY “Rosing” STY “Dindo”
800 El Niño

600

400

200
All Ecosystems Irrigated Non-Irrigated
0
7 0 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 00 03 06 09
19of basic
Source 19 data:
19 Bureau
19 1of9 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20
Agricultural Statistics, www.typhoon2000.ph
AEZ with adverse condition, Bicol Region

ADVERSE CONDITIONS
Region Drought Submerge- Saline-
Prone prone prone Zinc Deficient
BICOL 20,721 37,427 3,262 34,972

14
 Disaster Risk Management Framework
Development & disaster risk Emergency Recovery & Rehabilitation
reduction (DRR) response
period wth patter
n
o c i al g ro
Normal e c o n o m i c/ s

pattern
o mi c/ s o cial growth
Normal e co n
Ongoing
Risk assessment development
activities
Mitigation/prevention
Recontruction
Warning/ evacuation

Preparedness Search & rescue Economic/social recovery

Re-establish logistic routes Restoration of infrastructural services

Major hazard/disaster Coordination

Provide ongoing assistance

Emergency initiatives
Damage assessment
Recovery initiatives

DRR initiatives

Media response
 Climate Risk Management Framework (CCA context)

growth
???
p at t ern Agricultural
al growth
o n o m i c/ s o c i
Normal ec Long term CC im
pacts

???

Major hazard/disaster

Climate change impacts are likely to increase extreme event

Disaster Risk Management is a first line of adaptive action

Current Issues and Constraints
Climate change impacts are likely to increase extreme event and
Disaster Risk Management is a first line of adaptive action
Lack of sector-specific plans for DRR/CCA in agriculture at the local
level (saving lives or livelihood?), Institutional Priorities
Capacities? Templates/Tools? Policies? Leadership? Advocacy?
Knowledge? Database? Technologies Etc...
Good Practice Options (Upscaling, identification, ) Research and
Development
Early Warning Systems (short/long range)
Stakeholders’ Awareness/Field level activities
Good Practice Options for Agriculture
Hazards Upland Lowland Fishery
1. Typhoon  Long/medium duration  Early maturing  Tilapia farming
crops + short duration rice varieties  Squid pot fishing
crops  Timing of  Seaweed farming
 Change root crop planting/ratoon
varieties  Rice + duck
 Coconut leaf pruning

2. Heavy  Water logged resistant  Timing of  Fish farming

rains long/ medium duration planting
crops + short duration  Use of
crops submergence rice
varieties
3. Saline  Use of saline-  Tilapia farming
intrusion tolerant varieties  Mud crab
fattening
4. Drought Legumes,  AWD
technology
Foreign-assisted Projects on DRR/CCA
• Restoring food security in typhoon-
affected areas in the Bicol region
through provision of agricultural inputs
and technical assistance
(OSRO/RAS/701/SPA)
• Strengthening capacities for climate risk
management and disaster
preparedness in Bicol Region,
Philippines (TCP/PHI/3203)
• Enhancing Capacities for Disaster Risk
Reduction in Agriculture in Cambodia
and the Philippines
(OSRO/RAS/201/EC)
• Analysis and Mapping of Impacts under
Climate Change for Adaptation and
Food Security (GCP/INT/126/JPN)
• ON GOING: DIPECHO 2 (FAO-EU) and
Bicol Agri-Water Project (USaid)
Milestones of the different FAO-funded projects
OSRO/RAS/201/EC Cambodia
TCP/PHI/3203 GCP/INT/126/JPN
& Philippines (Bicol &
(Bicol Region) AMICAF: Bicol & Caraga
Caraga)

• Focused on developing • Provided more emphasis • Focused more on

institutional capacities and on replication up-scaling of community based
forging partnerships; GP options in other areas; approaches for adaptation
• Development of tools and • Developed the Regional • Implemented the
methodologies for local Plan of Action (PoA); proposed DRR/CCA
planning in agriculture; • Damage assessment tool mainstreaming framework
• Tested and documented for abaca and coconut was under the TCP;
Good Practice (GP) options included in the PDNA • Developed CS-FFS
for adaptation; software; Module/Flipchart
• Developed Early Warning • Further developed farm • Utilized AWS for early
System (EWS) through weather bulletins with warning and and
seasonal outlook for PAGASA establishment of critical
agriculture (farm weather • Started the sharing of values for flooding
bulletins); experiences, tools and • Identified GSR varieties
• Post Disaster Needs methodologies in other adapted to the local
Assessment (PDNA) Tools regions; condition
for rice and corn.
EW/Disaster Preparedness: IEC/Extension Materials developed

Seasonal Climate Outlook and

Advisory Bulletin (Forum) at the
start of season (continued from
Bicol TCP project)
A set of flipcharts on climate
information, CCA/DRR and
examples of CC adaptation
options
A Facilitator’s manual for LGU
AEWs in conducting CSFFS
A reference manual for LGUs in
setting up and operation of local
climate information center – with
PAGASA and RWAN
 Evolving forms of Weather (Rainfall) Monitoring
Critical Values Recorded:
~48 mm
2014 Data
Particulars
JAN FEB MAR APRIL Source/Remarks
Computed based on
CAM. SUR 201.7 the climate outlook
260.1 175.9 149.29
Normal (mm) issued by PAGASA
last January
Actual Rainfall
AWS installed under
in Nabua, CS 55.8 19.6 25.2 84.2
AMICAF Project
(mm)
Actual Rainfall
AWS installed under
in Buhi, CS 48.8 46 96.5 93.3
AMICAF Project
(mm)
Actual Rainfall
AWS installed under
in Calabanga, 55.8 19.6 25.2 84.2
AMICAF Project
CS (mm)
Agro-Met Station in
Actual Rainfall
CBSUA, Pili, CS
in Pili, CS 33.5 9.1 19.2
143.4 (PAGASA), as of
(mm)
March 13, 2014

• Local weather and climate monitoring is an integral part for

the success of Community Based Adaptation specifically for
EW and damage assessment to extreme events
• Establishment of critical values for flood and drought is
important for EW 22
Post Disaster Needs Assessment

web-based application software for

assessing the potential and actual
damages on rice, corn abaca and
coconut.
Structures data collection, organizes
and fast tracts data retrieval to
generate assessment reports

Compares and document extent of

damage caused by events such floods,
wind, and drought. The information
will be used to classify and explain
the observations in the satellite
images
Validates and determines the damage
loss/cost and its extent both through
sattelite image and ground
monitoring (android application)
Good Practice Options
Ratooning
Rice-Duck farming
Diversified farming systems
Modified seedling raising in
flood & flashflood areas
Use of early maturing varieties
& stress tolerant varieties (e.g.
GSR)
Rice-Fish Culture
Seed/grain storage &
conservation, etc....
Strategies/Approaches for Adaptation in
Agriculture
A B
Either change the
How to transform the whole environment – Grow high yielding, stress
Needs enormous tolerant crop varieties which is
areas with adverse resources, energy and an economically viable and
condition into highly physical infrastructure or environmental friendly
productive areas ? approach
Adaptation in Agriculture
Adaptation in Agriculture
Upland Rice + Corn (intra row)
Complementary Adaptation Measures

Physical adaptive measures

Livelihood enhancement
Income diversification
Strengthening institutional structures
Policy formulation
Financial mechanisms for risk transfer
Awareness creation & advocacy
 THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RFO 5