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[No. 41008. Oe obe 23, 1934]

THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, plain iff and

appellee, vs. ISIDORO T. POLICHER, defendan and appellan .

1. CRIMINAL LAW; FALSIFICATION AND MALVERSATION OP

PUBLIC FUNDS; TAX COLLECTOR. W ,

771

OL. 60, OC OBE 23,1934 771

Peo le . Poliehe

, ,
G

.T
,
,
.

2. ID.; ID.; ID.; PENALTIES FOB THE VARIOUS OFPENSES

COMMITTED. T

, , ,

,
,
.T
,
T)

. (A . 89
P C ; . 48 R P C .)

APPEAL f om a j dgmen of he Co of Fi In ance of Lanao.

Beja a, J.
The fac a e a ed in he opinion of he co .
Jose V. Muana fo appellan .
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Solicitor-General Hilado fo appellee.

DIAZ, J.:

I ido o T. Poliche a cha ged i h, and con ic ed of he comple

c ime of estafa h o gh fal i ca ion of p blic doc men in he
Co of Fi In ance of Lanao hich en enced him o en ea
and one da of prisión mayor i h hfe co e ponding acce o ie of
he la , o pa a ne of P1,000, and o indemnif Mo o Somampo ,
Dona o Ma co and Tindigan Dipa an in he m of P4, P16 and
P16, e pec i el , i h co .

772

772 A A
Pe le . P liche

The info ma ion hich ga e i e o he ac ion again aid acc ed

ead a follo :
"Tha on o abo and d ing he pe iod in e ening f om Ma
20, 1928, o Ma 29, 1930, in he m nicipal di ic of Kolamb gan,
P o ince of Lanao, Philippine I land , and i hin he j i dic ion of
hi co , aid acc ed, he hen d l appoin ed ea e of aid
m nicipal di ic and a ch a in cha ge and e pon ible, among
o he of cial d ie , fo he i ance of ced la ce i ca e in aid
m nicipal di ic of Kolamb gan, ol n a il , nla f ll and
felonio l , and i h g a e ab e of hi of cial po i ion and i h
in en o gain and of p ej dicing and def a ding Mo o Somampo ,
Dona o Ma co and Tindigan Dipa an, fal i ed ced la ce i ca e
G-No . 3844057, 3222523, 3843641, 3843629, 3844005, 3221650,
3221649, 3221752 and 3221753, b e a ing he name i en
he eon of pe on o hom aid ced la ce i ca e had o iginall
been i ed o a o ei e hem, and in fac he ei ed hem, in
o de o app op ia e fo him elf, and in fac he ol n a il ,
nla f ll and felonio l app op ia ed fo hi o n e and bene ,
he p oceed of hi ei ance of he ced la ce i ca e in e ion,
amo n ing o P36, o he damage of aid Mo o Somampo ,
Tindigan Dipa an, and Dona o Ma co in he m of P4, P16 and
P16, e pec i el . Con a o la ."
The acc ed appealed f om he j dgmen ende ed again him,
a igning in hi b ief h ee alleged e o a commi ed b he ial
co , o i :
"1. The lo e co e ed in no holding ha all he eb of
ci c m ance leading o he p o ec ion of he c ime e e
delibe a el planned and ingenio l manip la ed b he enemie of
he ac ed o a i f hei l of engeance.
"2. The lo e co e ed in gi ing c edi o he elfcon adic ing
and pe e ed e lmon of he h ee mo e i ne e fo he
p o ec ion.

773

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. 60, C B 23,1934 773

Pe le . P liche

"3. The lo e co e ed in con ic ing he defendan appellan of he

c ime of estafa h fal i ca ion of p blic doc men be ond
ea onable do b and in no ab ol ing him f om all c iminal
e pon ibili ie ."
The e idence ho ha he appellan a he m nicipal
ea e of he m nicipal di ic of Kolamb gan, of he P o ince of
Lanao, fo a lea ome ea p io o Feb a 27, 1927, he da e
on hich he i ne fo he p o ec ion, Feli Jala an, en e ed he
e ice a cle k nde aid appellan . P io o he da e abo e a ed,
he had ac ed a m nicipal ea e of o he m nicipali ie , and in
1933, hen hi ca e a ied, he had al ead been in he
Go e nmen e ice a m nicipal ea e fo abo ele en ea .
In Ma , 1928, he appellan , in hi o n hand i ing, i ed
ced la No . 3221649 (E hibi F-1), 3221650 (E hibi G-l),
3221752 (E hibi H-l) and 3221753 (E hibi 1-1), a ed in he
info ma ion, he o in fa o of Mamonca Boinan a and he
la o in fa o of Maca a b Bango . In 1929 aid appellan ' of ce
i ed ced la No . 3844057 (E hibi A-l), 3222523 (E hibi B-l),
3843641 (E hibi C-l), 3843629 (E hibi D-l) and 3844005 (E hibi
E-l), al o a ed in he info ma ion, in f fa o of Daniel Cal mba,
Di al, Balin ing Alongan, Di al Macaagan and Salangan,
e pec i el .
All he blank of aid fo ced la (F-l, G-l, H-l, and 1-1)
e e lled in b he appellan him elf in hi o n hand i ing, and
ho e of he la e (A-l, B-l, C-l, D-1 and E-l), in ended fo en
of he pe onal eco d of he a pa e , all i h e pec o E hibi A-
l and pa iall i h e pec o he e , o B-l, C-l, D-l and E-l, e e
lled in b Feli Jala an, acco ding o he b of he , E hibi
A-l, and he d plica e of he o he , E hibi B-l, C-l, D-l and E-l.
The onl pace of he e ced la hich co ld be lled in hen e e
ho e in ended fo he name , aid i ne Jala an ha ing i en
he ein ho e of Di al,

774

774 A A
Pe le . P liche

Baling ing Alongan, Di al Macaagan and Salangan, e pee i el ,

beca e he e e he onl da a hen a ailable.
In ead of deli e ing he nine ced la in e ion o he a pa e
ho had paid fo hem, he e e e ained in he appellan ' of ce
on he g o nd ha he in e e ed pa ie had no f ni hed all he
nece a da a ela i e o hei pe onal ci c m ance . While
ai ing f o aid da a, he ced la in e ion oge he i h o he
e e in he c od of cle k Feli Jala an. A hi j nc e, he
appellan mmoned Mo o Somampo , Tindigan Dipa an and
Dona o Ma co o appea befo e him in o de o demand of hem he
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pa men of hei back ced la . A oon a aid h ee Mo o had

a i ed a he appellan ' of ce, he bade hem en e and fo h i h
a ked hi cle k o deli e o him he ced la in e ion, ha i ,
E hibi A-l o I -1 hich, a a ed, e e al ead pa iall lled o
i h he da e appea ing on hei e pec i e b and d plica e ,
E hibi A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I, and hich- e e he e ofo e in
he c od of aid cle k. In compliance i h he appellan '
e i emen aid Mo o hen deli e ed o him, he P4, he
econd P8 and he hi d P24, o comple e he m hich he had
paid him fo hei ced la on fo me occa ion .
The a io m of P4 a ed in ced la E hibi A-l o 1-1,
amo n ing o P36, and hich e e paid b he pe on in ho e
fa o aid ced la had o iginall been i ed, e e d l depo i ed in
he afe and en e ed in he of cial eco d of he appellan (E hibi
A-2, B-2, C-2, D-2, E-2, F-2, G-2, H-2 and 1-2); b ho e paid o
him b Mo o Somampo , Tindigan Dipa an and Dona o Ma co
hen he deli e ed o hem he ce i ca e hich e e al ead
al e ed a he a e a p e en , e e no depo i ed in he afe and do
no appea o ha e been en e ed b he appellan in an of hi
eco d , h leading o he logical concl ion ha he
mi app op ia ed hem.

775

. 60, C B 23, 1934 775

Pe le . P liche

The name on he ced la in e ion ho ing - ha he ee

i ed in fa o of aid Mo o Somampo , Tindigan Dipa an and
Dona o Ma co , and no o Daniel Cal mba, Di al, Balin ing
Alongan, Di al Macaagan and Salangan, a e in he appellan '
hand i ing, if c edi i o be gi en o he e imon of Mig el
B deo , chief cle k of he p o incial a di o , ho e amined he
acco n and in e iga ed he appellan , and ha of Feli Jala an,
con den ial cle k of aid appellan . Bo h i ne e ho a e familia
i h he appellan ' penman hip b ea on of hei long a ocia ion
i h him, ca ego icall af med ha he al e a ion appea ing on he
ced la in e ion a e in he appellan ' hand i ing. The e imon
of aid o i ne e and ha of aid h ee Mo o , ho claimed o
ha e deli e ed o he appellan he m e i ed of hem and
ecei ed aid ced la f om aid appellan ' o n iand , join l p o e
ha i a he appellan and no o he pe on ho made hfc
al e a ion in he ced la ce i ca e in e ion.
Ho e e , he appellan con end ha i a no he ho
commi ed he fal i ca ion o ecei ed he mone hich he h ee
Mo o claimed o ha e deli e ed o him. In ppo of hi
con en ion, he in in a e in hi b ief ha Feli Jala an migh ha e
made he al e a ion imp ed o him and ha aid i ne did o
e ing a a ool fo he engeance of chief of police Sal ado C.
Raba a ho ha bo ed a g dge again him beca e he had once
ded c ed f om Raba a' ala he pa men of a ce ain m nicipal

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a d e f om he la e ' ba be hop in Kolamb gan, Lanao. Hi

e imon , ho e e , i in f cien o de o ha of he e
i ne e f o he p o ec ion pa ic la l hen he mo i e
a ib ed b him o aid chief of police Sal ado C. Raba a i no of
ch na e ha i ma be con ide ed f cien o ha e ind ced
Raba a o plo again him in conni ance ifch he i ne e fo he
p o ec ion named Somampo , Tindigan Dipa an, Dona o Ma co ,
Feli Jala-

776

776 A A
Pe le . P liche

an and Mig el B deo . F he mo e, he e i ab ol el no hing of

eco d o ho ha he e had ac all been a plo again him.
Ano he a g men ed b he appellan in ppo of hi
con en ion ha Feli Jala an migh ha e been he a ho of he
fal i ca ion i ha he hand i ing on aid ced la i imila o hi
o n hand i ing and al o o ha of Jala an. Ac ing nde hi
ppo i ion, he appellan , af e he p o ec ion had p e en ed i
e idence, a ked he lo e co o po pone he con in a ion of he
ial a lea n il he follo ing e ion of aid co in o de o ha e
he oppo ni o engage he e ice of a hand i ing e pe f om
Manila, ho migh be able o de e mine he h of hi con en ion.
The lo e co j l denied hi pe i ion, , beca e he did no
hen a e ha if he hand i ing e pe e e o e if he o ld
decla e ha he al e a ion appea ing on he ced la in e ion e e
made b Jala an; econd, beca e hen he en e ed he ial, he
failed o e e e he igh la e o p e en a hand i ing e pe o
p o e ha he al e a ion on he ced la in e ion e e no in hi
o n hand i ing; and hi d, beca e al ho gh he hen kne ha he
c ime i h hich he a cha ged a fal i ca ion of he ced la
a ed in he info ma ion, f om Oc obe 5, 1932, hen he
info ma ion a led, o nea l one ea p io o he holding of he
ial, he nei he made an effo o look fo a hand i ing e pe no
ho gh of e ing p he defen e alleged b him la e in hi b ief.
The efo e, he belief ha he appellan ' p po e in a king fo he
pen ion of he ial n il he follo ing e ion of he co a
me el o dela he ac ion, a a ed b he cal a he ial, i no
nfo nded.
On he o he hand, he e i ab ol el no ea on o belie e ha
Feli Jala an ha di o ed he fac in hi e imon ina m ch a he
fel no hing b g a i de o a d he appellan beca e he la e no
onl ga e him he job, a he appellan him elf a ed a he ial, b
al o allo ed him o con in e in he e ice no i h anding hi lack

777

. 60, C B 23,1934 777

Pe le . P liche
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of ef cienc d ing hi ea of e ice n il he ( he appellan )

became plea ed o e ain him pon ob e ing hi p og e and
diligence. F he mo e, i i no Feli Jala an' e imon o ha of
Mig el B deo alone ha poin o he appellan a he a ho of
he fal i ca ion, b al o ha of he h ee Mo o afo e a ed. I i he
e imon of aid e i ne e , co obo a ed a i i b he
afo e aid doc men a e idence of eco d, ha deno nce him and
p o e hi di ec pa icipa ion in he commi ion of he c ime of
fal i ca ion.
Af e i ha been p o en ha he appellan i g il of
fal i ca ion and ina m ch a onl one info ma ion had been led
again him, (1) fo ho man c ime of aid na e ma he be held
liable? (2) Sho ld he al o be held liable f o he c ime of estafa, o
ha of mal e a ion, ha ing app op ia ed hi collec ion f om aid
h ee Mo o in ead of depo i ing i in he Go e nmen coffe ?
The e a e e ion hieh nece a il a i e af e kno ing he
fac j a ed.
In he opinion of hi co , i i no he aid h ee Mo o
(Somampo , Tindigan Dipa an and Dona o Ma co ) ho ffe ed
he damage e l ing f om he fal i ca ion and he app op ia ion b
he appellan of he mone collec ed f om hem, b he Go e nmen
i elf beca e ina m ch a aid Mo o kne ha he appellan a
he p blic of cial de igna ed b la and b he con i ed
a ho i ie o collec ced la a e , ha ing done o fo a long ime,
and f he mo e, ina m ch a he kne ha he e e obliged o
pa aid a e , i ho ld be a ed ha he e e onl ac ing i h
ab ol e p op ie hen he deli e ed o aid appellan he m
hich he demanded of hem in pa men of hei e pec i e ced la
co e ponding o fo me ea . Fo he ame ea on ha he had no
in e en ion in he admini a ion of he appellan ' of ce, i a no
and i i no j o e i e ha he ho ld ha e made e ha hei
mone paid fo aid concep ha been depo i ed in he afe b he
appellan and f he mo e en e ed b him in

77

778 A A
Pe le . P liche

hi co e ponding eco d . When a p blic of cial, ho e of cial

d ' i o collec a e , ecei e a pa men in aid concep , he
make him elf di ec l acco n able o he Go e nmen fo he
mone o collec ed and ecei ed ina m ch a he eaf e aid mone
ac i e he cha ac e o fo m pa of he p blic f nd and he a
on acco n of hich aid pa men a made ho ld al o hencefo h
be con ide ed paid b he a pa e i ho f he e pon ibili on
hi pa . To hold he a pa e e pon ible fo he mi app op ia ion of
he mone collec ed fo a e d e, b he p blic of cial ho ha
collec ed and ecei ed pa men , o ld be no onl n ea onable b
al o highl nj . The ef fo e, he c ime commi ed b he appellan

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i no he comple c ime of estafa h o gh fal i ca ion b nine

fal i ca ion of of cial o p blic doc men , a a e he ced la , and
mal e a ion.
I i e ha onl one ac ion a in i ed and onl one
info ma ion led again he appellan b i i none he le e ha
in aid info ma ion he a e p e l cha ged i h nine ac of
fal i ca ion of p blic doc men b ea on of he i ance of nine
diffe en ced la . In he ca e of Uni ed S a e vs. Balaba (37 Phil.,
260), hi co held ha he e i no hing o p e en he impo i ion
pon he acc ed of a man penal ie a he e a e offen e imp ed
o him and p o en a he ial, if, a in hi ca e, i a i fac o il
appea ha he ha con en ed o he ac ion he ein aid c ime e e
imp ed o him b failing o in e po e on ime, al ho gh he co ld
ha e done o, a dem e on he g o nd ha he info ma ion cha ged
him i h mo e han one offen e. The igh o be cha ged i h no
mo e han one offen e in an info ma ion ma be ai ed, he onl
e cep ion o hi le being he ca e he e one of he offen e
cha ged ha been a nece a mean fo commi ing he o he and
he e bo h ha e been he e l of a ingle ac , (A icle 89 of he old
Penal Gode; a icle 48 of he Re i ed Penal Code.)

77

. 60, C B 23, 1934 779

Pe le . P liche

A o he econd e ion, hi co i of he opinion ha he

appellan canno be decla ed g il of estafa beca e he p o en
fac ho , fo he ea on al ead a ed, ha he c ime commi ed
a no estafa b mal e a ion, hich i a c ime en i el diffe en
f om he fo me and fo he e i ence of hich ome elemen no
belonging o estafa a e nece a . The appellan , pon en e ing ial,
a ndo b edl np epa ed o defend him elf f om he cha ge fo
mal e a ion and fal i ca ion e cep onl f om fal i ca ion and
estafa, and i o ld be aking him b p i e if he' e e o be
en enced al o fo mal e a ion. I ha been a ed d ing he
con ide a ion of hi ca e ha nde he allega ion con ained in he
info ma ion, he appellan ma al o be decla ed g il of
mal e a ion ina m ch a i ha been p o en ha he app op ia ed hi
collec ion f om he afo e aid h ee Mo o in ead of depo i ing i in
he afe. In he info ma ion, ho e e , he e i no allega ion o j if
he infe ence, i ho e o ing o he p o en fac , ha i i he
Go e nmen ha ained he inj e l ing f om he appellan '
c ime. Wha he info ma ion clea l e p e e and a e i ha i
a he h ee Mo o in e ion ho ained he inj . The efo e
he a io ac of mal e a ion commi ed b he appellan ho ld
no be aken in o con ide a ion in hi ca e beca e he a no
cha ged he e i h.
Ina m ch a he fal i ca ion p o en a he ial ook place long
befo e he Re i ed Penal Code en in o effec , he la applicable
o he ca e i ndo b edl he old Penal Code. Unde he p o i ion

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of a icle 88 of aid Code, a penal in e ce of h ee-fold he mo

e e e penal hich he appellan de e e fo one of aid c ime
canno be impo ed pon him fo aid nine c ime of fal i ca ion of
p blic doc men . Acco ding o aid Code, a amended b Ac No.
2712, each of aid ac of fal i ca ion i p ni hable i h prisión
mayor and a ne of f om 250 o 12,500 pesetas. In ie he eof,
and aking in o con ide a ion he fac

7 0

780 A A
Pe le . P liche

ha no modif ing ci c m ance of an kind ha been p o en, he

penal hich ho ld be impo ed fo one of aid c ime i eigh
ea and one da of prisión mayor hich i he minim m of he
medi m pe iod of prisión mayor pl a ne of 250 pesetas.
Whe efo e, b amending he appealed j dgmen , he appellan i
he eb en enced, fo he nine c ime i h hich he a cha ged
and con ic ed, o en -fo ea and h ee da of prisión, hich
i h eefold eigh ea and one da of prisión mayor, and o pa a
ne of P150, i h co . In ie , ho e e , of he p o i ion of Ac
No. 4103, he minim m of aid penal of en -fo ea and
h ee da of prisión i ed a i ea . So o de ed.

Street, Malcolm, Hull, Butte, and Goddard, JJ., conc .

VICKERS, J., i h hom conc AVANCENA, C. J., conc ing

and di en ing in pa :

I conc in he deci ion of he majo i con ic ing he defendan of

he c ime of fal i ca ion of p blic doc men a o each of he
ced la in e ion, b I di en f om ha pa of he deci ion
hich hold ha he i no al o g il of mal e a ion. Thi
concl ion of he majo i e pon he nding ha he allega ion
in he info ma ion a e no f cien o cha ge mal e a ion. The
p incipal, if no he ole, ea on fo hi nding appea o be he fac
ha i i no alleged in he info ma ion ha he Go e nmen a
p ej diced b he defendan ' mi app op ia ion of he m collec ed
b him a m nicipal eaa e f om he Mo o fo ced la . The e i
no e ion a o he f cienc of he e idence, and no objec ion
a made o he fo m of he complain . An defec he ein a
c ed b he e idence, hich ho ha he defendan hile ac ing
a m nicipal ea e collec ed f om he Mo o men ioned in he
info ma ion he mone in e ion, b failed o acco n fo i ; ha
he al e ed and deli e ed o he Mo o ce ain ced la belonging o
o he pe on . The Mo o e e no p ej diced, beca e he
pa men made b hem e e alid pa men of hei ced la a e .

7 1

. 60, C B 23, 1934 781

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Pe le . P liche

I i cha ged in he info ma ion:

"Tha on o abo and d ing he pe iod in e ening f om Ma
20, 1928, o Ma 29, 1930, in he m nicipal di ic of Kolamb gan,
P o ince of Lanao, Philippine I land , and i hin he j i dic ion of
hi co , aid acc ed, he hen d l appoin ed ea e of aid
m nicipal di ic and a ch a in cha ge and e pon ible, among
o he of cial d ie , fo he i ance of ced la ce i ca e in aid
m nicipal di ic of Kolamb gan, ol n a il , nla f ll and f
elonio l , and i h g a e ab e of hi of cial po i ion and i h
in en o gain and of p ej dicing and def a ding Mo o Somampo ,
Dona o Ma co and Tindigan Dipa an, fal i ed ced la ce i ca e
G-No . 3844057, 3222523, 3843641, 3843629, 3844005, 3221650,
3221649, 3221752 and 3221753, b e a ing he name i en
he eon of pe on o hom aid ced la ce i ca e had o iginall
been i ed o a o ei e hem, and! in fac he ei ed hem, in
o de o app op ia e fo him elf, and in fac he ol n a il ,
nla f ll and felonio l app op ia ed fo hi o n e and bene ,
he p oceed of hi ei ance of he ced la ce i ca e in e ion,
amo n ing o P36, o he damage of aid Mo o Somampo ,
Tindigan Dipa an, and Dona o Ma co in he m of P4, P16 and
P16, e pec i el . Con a o la ." In m opinion he c ime of
mal e a ion i f cien l cha ged in he bod of he info ma ion. I
i imma e ial ha in he info ma ion he offen e a e oneo l
de igna ed a estafa in ead of mal e a ion, and he allega ion ha
he offended pa a he Mo o i a me e concl ion of la .
I ha been epea edl held b hi co ha in c iminal
p oced e he cha ac e of he c ime ill be de e mined f om he
fac alleged in he complain and no b he ali ca ion of he
c ime made in he i le o he complain . (U. S. vs. S pila, 13 Phil.,
671; U. S. vs. T e e , 14 Phil., 270; U. S. vs. Jeff e , 15 Phil., 391;
Da i vs. Di ec o of P i on , 17 Phil., 168.)
The de igna ion of he c ime b name in he cap ion of he
info ma ion i a concl ion of la on he pa of he

7 2

782 A A
Pe e . P licke

cal and i a pa ion of he po e of he co and, if binding,

o ld be in effec an adj dica ion b him of. he c ime of hich he
acc ed m be con ic ed if he e e o be con ic ed of an offen e.
The denial of he de igna ion of he cal ai e no i e. (U. S. vs.
Lim San, 17 Phil., 273; U. S. vs. Vega, 31 Phil., 450.)
A a ma e of fac he co i he onl pe on o in i ion
a ho i ed b la o a ha c ime ha been commi ed. S ch
de igna ion i a concl ion of la e l ing f om he fac p o ed
pon he ial. Un il ha ime a i e i i of no con e ence, ei he

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o he people o o he acc ed, ha he echnical name of he c ime

cha ged ma be. (U. S. vs. Lim San, 17 Phil., 273.)
In de e mining he na e of he c ime cha ged in a complain he
bod and no he i le of he complain m be e amined. The
de igna ion of he c ime a fo nd in he i le of he complain i no
con olling. (U. S. vs. Cabe, 36 Phil., 728; U. S. vs. Onda o, 39 Phil.,
70.)
I a held in he ca e of he Uni ed S a e vs. Go Chanco. (23
Phil., 641), ha a complain i f cien if he fac a e alleged and
e o in ch a manne a o enable a pe on of common
nde anding o kno ha i in ended, and he co o p ono nce
j dgmen acco ding o igh ; ha a complain i f cieji if i
de c ibe he offen e in he lang age of he a e, if he a e
con ain all of he e en ial elemen con i ing he pa ic la
offen e; ha i i no nece a , ho e e , o follo he lang age of
he a e in a complain ; ha he complain i f cien if i
de c ibe he c ime de ned b la .
I i no nece a fo he p o ec ion of he b an ial igh of
he acc ed, no fo he effec i e p epa a ion of he defen e, ha he
be info med of he echnical name of he c ime fo hich he and
cha ged The c ime of hich he defendan and acc ed i ha
de c ibed b he fac a ed in he info ma ion and no ha
de igna ed b he cal in he p eamble he eof. An i e in a
c iminal ac ion i one of fac , I i ai ed b he allega ion of fac

7 3

. 60, C B 23, 1934 783

Pe le . P liche

in he inf o ma ion and he denial of he e f ac b a plea of no

g il . (U. S. vs. Lim San, 17 Phil., 273.)
Sec ion 7 and 10 of Gene al O de , No, 58 ead a follo :
"SEC. 7. E cep hen ime i a ma e ial ing edien of an offen e,
he p eci e ime of commi ion need no be a ed in a complain o
info ma ion, b he ac ma be alleged o ha e been commi ed a
an ime befo e he ling he eof. And hen an offen e hall ha e
been de c ibed i h f cien ce ain o iden if he ac , an
e oneo allega ion a o he pe on inj ed hall be deemed
imma e ial."
"SEC. 10. No info ma ion o complain i in f cien , no can
he ial, j dgmen , o o he p oceeding be affec ed b ea on of a
defec in ma e of fo m hich doe no endf o p ej dice a
b an ial igh of he defendan pon he me i ."
In he ca e of he Uni ed S a e vs. Kepne (1 Phil., 519, 526),
hi co aid:
"The allega ion of he complain ha he nla f l
mi app op ia ion of he p oceed of he a an a o he p ej dice
of A n Tan ma be di ega ded b i e of ec ion 7 of Gene al
O de , No. 58, hich decla e ha hen an offen e hall ha e been
de c ibed in he complain i h f cien ce ain o iden if he

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ac , an e oneo allega ion a o he pe on inj ed hall be deemed

imma eWal. In an e en he defec , if defec i a , a one of
fo m hich did no end o p ej dice an b an ial igh of he
defendan on he me i , and can no , he efo e, nde he p o i ion
of ec ion 10 of he ame o de . affec he p e en p oceeding."
I i a familia le ha defec in he fo m of a complain a e
ai ed nle objec ed o in he ial co , and ha ch defec
ma be c ed b he e idence. CU. S. vs Li-Dao, 2 Phil., 458; U. S.
vs. Del Ca illo, 35 Phil., 413.)
In he ca e of Mo iga vs. Se a and Obleno (5 Phil., 34, hi
co held ha objec ion o he complain ba ed pon

7 4

784 A A
Pe le . P liche

an in f cien a e ien of he fac con i ing he offen e ill no

be con ide ed b hi co hen he e e no p e en ed o he
co belo . In af ming he deci ion of hi co he S p eme
Co of he Uni ed S a e (Se a vs, Mo iga, 204 U. S., 470; 11
Phil., 762) held ha hile he complain on a cha ge of ad l e
nde he Penal Code of he Philippine I land ma be fa all
defec i e fo lack of e en ial a e men a o place and kno ledge
on he pa of he man ha he oman a ma ied, objec ion of
ha na e m be aken a he ial, and if no aken, and he
omi ed a e men a e pplied b compe en p oof, i i no e o
fo he S p eme Co of he Philippine I land o ef e o ain
ch objec ion on appeal.

ABAD SANTOS, J., i h hom conc VILLA-REAL and

IMPERIAL, JJ., di en ing:

Upon he e idence p e en ed in hi ca e, I am no con inced of he

g il of he appellan , and I belie e ha he i en i led o an ac i al.
I appea ha he appellan a a ea e of ke m nicipal
di ic of Kolamb gan, P o ince of Lanao. P lo o hi a ignmen
o Kolamb gan, he ac ed a ea e fo o he di ic . Befo e he
in i ion of hi p oceeding again him, appellan had e ed he
Go e nmen a m nicipal ea e fo en ea o mo e, Hi eco d
d ing hi pe iod appea ed o be i ho blemi h.
The npop la i of a -ga he e , ch a he appellan a , i
p o e bial. In Mindanao pa ic la l , m nicipal ea e a e among
he mo ha ed of p blic e an . Unacc omed o he mode n
a of go e nmen , he Mo o .na all ha e ho e ho o ld
compel hem o pa a e . Unde he e ci c m ance , i i ende ed
an ea ma e fo an one ho ha ce ain in ence o fab ica e
cha ge again m nicipal ea e ba ed pon he e imon of
h ee igno an Mo o , ch a he h ee p incipal i ne e fo he
p o ec ion in hi ca e appea o be. The e i eno gh in he eco d
o indica e ha indic i ene

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. 60, C B 25, 1934 785

Pe le .C ej a d De G ma

on he pa of he chief of police of Kolamb gan la behind he

p o ec ion of he appellan . I i b no mean imp obable,
he efo e, ha he appellan i he ic im of a f ame- p.
In hi i a ion, i eem he pa of p dence and i cfom o
c ini e he e idence i h he mo ca ion and o gi e he
defendan he ample oppo ni o p o e hi innocence. The
impo an i e of fac in ol ed in hi ca e a he he he
i ing appea ing on ce ain doc men e e ho e of he appellan ,
o he he he e e made b omeone ho ied o imi a e hi
hand- i ing. Appellan a ked fo an oppo ni o p e en a
hand i ing e pe o e abli h hi con en ion ha aid i ing e e
no hi , b , on objec ion of he p o ec ion, he co belo onl
g an ed him el e da i hin hich o p od ce a hand- i ing
e pe . Con ide ing ha he ial ook place in Lanao, and ha hand-
i ing e pe a e ca ce, he ho ne of he pe iod g an ed b he
ial co a , a he defen e con ended, an amo n o a denial of
i pe i ion. Unde he pec lia ci c m ance of hi ca e, I con ide
he e imon of a hand- i ing e pe e en ial o he j
de e mina ion of he g il o innocence of he appellan , and he
ef al of he ial co , ba ed on he objec ion of he p o ec ion,
o g an he appellan f cien ime o engage he e ice of a
hand- i ing e pe , a , in m opinion, a denial of hi igh o a
fai ial.
Judffment modified.

_______________

C g 2021 Ce a B S , I c. A g e e ed.

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