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    07 Hazardous Wastes and Other Special Wastes

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    getahun083

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    07 Hazardous Wastes and Other Special Wastes

    Uploaded by

    getahun083
    8 views52 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    8 views52 pages

    07 Hazardous Wastes and Other Special Wastes

    Uploaded by

    getahun083

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 52

    Hazardous wastes and other

    special wastes
    Chapter –
    By Getahun
    What Harmful Chemicals Are in Your Home?
    Cleaning Gardening
    Disinfectants Pesticides
    Drain, toilet, and Weed killers
    window cleaners
    Ant and rodent killers
    Spot removers Flea powders
    Septic tank cleaners

    Paint Products
    Paints, stains,
    varnishes, and
    lacquers
    Paint thinners,
    solvents, and
    strippers Automotive
    Wood preservatives Gasoline
    Artist paints and inks Used motor oil
    General Antifreeze
    Dry-cell batteries Battery acid
    (mercury and
    cadmium) Brake and
    transmission fluid
    Glues and cements
    Leaking Barrels of Toxic Waste
    Special wastes
    • Batteries
    • Used Oil
    • Scrap tires
    • Construction and demolish (C&D) wastes
    • Computer and other electronic solid waste
    Batteries
    Batteries
    Used Oil
    Used Oil
    Used Oil
    Scrap tires
    Construction and demolish (C&D) wastes
    Computer and other electronic solid waste
    Computer and other electronic solid waste
    (Cont’d…)
    Legislation/National and local policies
    Legislation
    Legislation
    Legislation
    Legislation
    Legislation
    Legislation
    Legislation/Global
    Hazardous Waste Regulations

    • Two major federal laws regulate the


    management and disposal of hazardous waste
    in the U.S.:
    – 1976: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
    (RCRA)
    • Cradle-to-the-grave system to keep track waste.
    – 1989: Comprehensive Environmental Response,
    Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)
    • Commonly known as Superfund program.
    Hazardous Waste Regulations

    • The Superfund law was designed to have


    polluters pay for cleaning up abandoned
    hazardous waste sites.
    – Only 70% of the cleanup costs have come from the
    polluters, the rest comes from a trust fund
    financed until 1995 by taxes on chemical raw
    materials and oil.
    How Should We Deal with Hazardous Waste?

    • A sustainable approach to hazardous waste is


    first to produce less of it, then to reuse or
    recycle it, then to convert it to less hazardous
    materials, and finally, to safely store what is
    left.
    Integrated Hazardous Waste Management
    1. Waste destruction technology
    Thermal Treatment
    Solutions: A Waste-to-Energy Incinerator
    with Pollution Controls
    2. Waste concentration technology
    • Physical treatment process
    • Chemical treatment process
    • Biological treatment process
    2.1 Physical treatment process
    2.2 Chemical treatment process
    • Neutralization
    • Oxidation and Reduction
    • Hydrolysis
    • Chemical Oxidation
    • Electrolytic Oxidation
    • Alkaline metal Dechlorination
    • Based-Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD)
    3. Solidification and stabilization
    technologies

    • Cement based process


    • Pozzolanic (lime based) process
    • Organic polymer processes
    • Thermoplastic (Bitumen stabilization) processes
    Solidification and stabilization technologies
    Solidification and stabilization technologies
    4. Biological treatment
    Solutions: Phytoremediation
    TRADE-OFFS
    Phytoremediation

    Advantages Disadvantages
    Easy to establish Slow (can take
    several growing
    seasons)
    Inexpensive
    Effective only at
    Can reduce depth plant roots
    material dumped can reach
    into landfills Some toxic organic
    chemicals may
    Produces little evaporate from
    air pollution plant leaves
    compared to
    Some plants can
    incineration
    become toxic to
    Low energy use animals
    5. Store/Disposal of
    Hazardous Waste
    • Burial on land or long-term storage

    • Deep-well disposal

    • Surface impoundments

    • Secure hazardous landfills


    TRADE-OFFS

    Deep-Well Disposal

    Advantages Disadvantages
    Safe method if Leaks or spills at
    sites are chosen surface
    carefully
    Leaks from corrosion
    of well casing
    Wastes can often Existing fractures or
    be retrieved if earthquakes can allow
    problems develop wastes to escape into
    groundwater
    Easy to do
    Output approach that
    encourages waste
    Low cost production
    TRADE-OFFS
    Surface Impoundments

    Advantages Disadvantages
    Low construction Groundwater
    costs contamination from
    leaking liners (or no
    Low operating lining)
    costs
    Air pollution from
    volatile organic
    Can be built compounds
    quickly
    Overflow from
    Wastes can often flooding
    be retrieved if
    necessary Disruption and
    leakage from
    Can store wastes earthquakes
    indefinitely with
    secure double Output approach that
    liners encourages waste
    production
    Solutions: Secure Hazardous
    Waste Landfill
    Landfill Double Liner Construction
    When landfill is full, layers of
    soil and clay seal in trash
    Topsoil
    Sand Electricity generator
    Clay building
    Garbage Methane storage Leachate
    and compressor treatment system
    building

    Probes to detect Pipes collect explosive


    methane leaks Methane gas methane for use as fuel
    recovery well to generate electricity
    Leachate
    storage
    Compacted tank
    solid waste

    Leachate Groundwater
    Garbage Leachate pumped
    pipes monitoring
    Sand up to storage tank
    well
    Synthetic for safe disposal
    Leachate
    liner monitoring
    Sand Groundwater
    Clay and plastic lining to well
    Clay prevent leaks; pipes collect
    Subsoil leachate from bottom of
    landfill
    What Can You Do? Hazardous Waste

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