Plagiarism exercise

Sumber : Neville, 2007

 Plagiarism exercise
• Is it plagiarism?
• This exercise contains a number of examples
of attempts to transfer the information from
the original journal extract shown below into
seven essay introductions.
• Read each example and decide whether the
attempt amounts to plagiarism of the original
journal article.
 Original extract
• For thousands of years, outsiders have regarded China as a xenophobic
country. However, the stereotypes have been changing since China
opened up its economy in 1979. Now, the encouragement of foreign direct
investment (FDI) and international technology transfer (ITT) lies at the
heart of economic relations between foreign countries and China. The
international flows of capital, information and technology facilitate the
economic growth of China and the influence of multinational enterprises
(MNEs). The boom in FDI and ITT has brought to the fore the issue of
intellectual property rights (IPRs) as a major topic in the economic
development of China. Although a historical review shows that the
germination of the concept of IPRs in China goes back more than 100
years, in reality no effective system of intellectual property protection (IPP)
existed until very recent times.

• Source: Yang and Clarke (2004, p.12).

 Now comment on the following extracts from student
assignments. Do they amount
to plagiarism – or not?
Example 4.1

This essay is about intellectual property (IP) in general and about the situation in
China today, and about China’s relationship with the West in relation to this issue.
For thousands of years, outsiders have regarded China as a xenophobic country.
However, the stereotypes have been changing since China opened up its economy
in 1979. Now, the encouragement of foreign direct investment (FDI) and international
technology transfer (ITT) lies at the heart of economic relations between
foreign countries and China. The international flows of capital, information and
technology facilitate the economic growth of China and the influence of multinational
enterprises (MNEs). The boom in FDI and ITT has brought to the fore the
issue of intellectual property rights (IPRs) as a major topic in the economic development
of China. Although a historical review shows that the germination of the
concept of IPRs in China goes back more than 100 years, in reality no effective
system of intellectual property protection (IPP) existed until very recent times.
•Plagiarism? Yes No Not sure
Example 4.2

This essay is about intellectual property (IP) in general and about the situation in
China today, and about China’s relationship with the West in relation to this issue.
For thousands of years, outsiders have regarded China as a xenophobic country.
However, the stereotypes have been changing since China opened up its
economy in 1979. Now, the encouragement of foreign direct investment (FDI) and
international technology transfer (ITT) lies at the heart of economic relations
between foreign countries and China. The international flows of capital,
information and technology facilitate the economic growth of China and the
influence of multinational enterprises (MNEs). The boom in FDI and ITT has
brought to the fore the issue of intellectual property rights (IPRs) as a major topic
in the economic development of China. Although a historical review shows that
the germination of the concept of IPRs in China goes back more than 100 years,
in reality no effective
system of intellectual property protection (IPP) existed until very recent times
(Yang and Clarke 2004).

Plagiarism? Yes No Not sure

Example 4.3

This essay is about intellectual property (IP) in general and about the situation in
China today, and about China’s relationship with the West in relation to this issue.
For thousands of years, outsiders have regarded China as a xenophobic country.
But since China opened up its economy in 1979, and with the encouragement of
foreign direct investment (FDI) and international technology transfer (ITT), economic
elations between foreign countries and China have improved. The international flows
of capital, information and technology now facilitate the economic growth of China
and the influence of multinational enterprises (MNEs). The boom in FDI and ITT has
brought to the fore the issue of intellectual property rights (IPRs) as a major topic in
the economic development of China. Although history shows that the germination of
the concept of IPRs in China goes back more than 100 years, in reality no effective
system of intellectual property protection (IPP) existed until very recent times.

Plagiarism? Yes No Not sure

Example 4.4

This essay is about intellectual property (IP) in general and about the situation in China
today, and about China’s relationship with the West in relation to this issue.
Outsiders have long regarded China as a xenophobic country. However, the stereotypes
have been changing since China opened up its economy in 1979. Yang and Clarke (2004)
argue that now the encouragement of foreign direct investment (FDI) and international
technology transfer (ITT) lies at the heart of economic relations between foreign countries
and China. They state The international flows of capital, information and technology
facilitate the economic growth of China and the influence of multinational enterprises
(MNEs). The boom in FDI and ITT has brought to the fore the issue of intellectual property
rights (IPRs) as a major topic in the economic development of China (p.12).
Although a historical review shows that the germination of the concept of IPRs in China
goes back more than 100 years, in reality no effective system of intellectual property
protection (IPP) existed until very recent times.

Plagiarism? Yes No Not sure

Example 4.5

This essay is about intellectual property (IP) in general and about the situation in China
today, and about China’s relationship with the West in relation to this issue.
China has long been regarded as a closed and rather xenophobic country. But things
have been changing fast since China opened up its economy in 1979. Some
commentators, like Yang and Clarke (2004) argue that the encouragement of foreign
direct investment (FDI) and international technology transfer (ITT) lie at the heart of
economic relations between foreign countries and China. The flow of capital, information
and echnology between countries has pushed the economic growth of China forward.
Also, the influence of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and boom in FDI and ITT has
focused attention on the issue of intellectual property rights (IPRs), and this is now seen
as a major topic in the economic development of China. Although the idea of IPRs in
China goes back more than 100 years, in reality no effective system of intellectual
property protection (IPP) existed until recently.

Plagiarism? Yes No Not sure

Example 4.6

This essay is about intellectual property (IP) in general and about the situation in
China today, and about China’s relationship with the West in relation to this issue.
For centuries China has been regarded by the outside world as a rather closed and
insular country. However, Yang and Clarke (2004) argue that now things are
changing, and particularly so since 1979, when China decided to open up its
economy.
Since then, foreign direct investment (FDI) and international technology transfer (ITT)
are important connecting links between China and the rest of the world. Now the flows
of capital, information, technology and the influence of multinational enterprises MNEs
have stimulated the Chinese economy. But these developments have also caused
attention to focus on the issue of intellectual property rights (IPR). Although the
concept of IPR goes back more than a hundred years, there has been no effective
system of intellectual property protection (IPP) until recently.

Plagiarism? Yes No Not sure

Example 4.7

This essay is about intellectual property (IP) in general and about the
situation in China today, and about China’s relationship with the West in
relation to this issue.
For centuries China has been regarded by the outside world as a rather
closed and xenophobic country. However things are changing. Since 1979,
China has loosened and stimulated its economy by foreign direct investment
(FDI), international technology transfer (ITT), and from the influence of
multinational enterprises (MNEs). However, these developments have also
focused attention on the issue of intellectual property rights (IPR) and until
recently in China there has been no effective system of intellectual property
protection (IPP).

Plagiarism? Yes No Not sure

Example 4.1

This is a clear example of worst-case plagiarism. The extract from the article has been
copied directly into the essay without any attempt to acknowledge the source.

Example 4.2

This is plagiarism. Although the original authors are cited, the article has been copied, with
only very minor changes, directly into the essay. Copying on this scale, even if the source is
acknowledged, will be regarded by most UK universities as plagiarism.

Example 4.3

This is plagiarism. Although an attempt has been made to summarize in part the original
article, the authors are not acknowledged. The extract contains important background
information that cannot be regarded as ‘common knowledge’, particularly the last sentence,
so the authors and original source should have been cited.
Example 4.4

This is plagiarism. Although the authors have been cited, and some of their words
directly quoted, the student simply copies a large part of the original, and the
implication is that the sections outside the quotations are the student’s own words –
which they are not.

Example 4.5

This is not plagiarism. The original source is acknowledged and the student has made
a reasonable effort to summarize the extract in his or her own words.

Example 4.6

This is not plagiarism. The original source is acknowledged and the student has made
a very good effort to summarize the extract in his or her own words.
Example 4.7

This is plagiarism. Although this is a very good summary of the original extract, it is
plagiarism, as the original authors are not cited. The original work containing the ideas of
authors must be acknowledged. It is only if knowledge becomes publicly well known (or
‘common knowledge’) that summaries of generally undisputed facts can be presented without
referencing the sources. Sentences two and three can be regarded as common knowledge,
as the information in these could be derived from a general reference book. However, the
following paraphrased sentences reflect the specialist work of the authors, who should have
been cited at the end of this section:

Since 1979, China has loosened opened and stimulated its economy by foreign
direct investment (FDI), international technology transfer (ITT), and from the
influence of multinational enterprises (MNEs). However, these developments have also
focused attention on the issue of intellectual property rights (IPR) and until recently in China
there has been no effective system of intellectual property protection (IPP).

If in doubt, always cite the source.

Terima Kasih
MENGAPA RUJUKAN PUSTAKA
DIPERLUKAN
 Kriteria Pustaka yang Perlu Dirujuk
Dalam penulisan artikel untuk jurnal ilmiah, sumber
pustaka yang perlu dirujuk harus memenuhi 3
kriteria:
(1)Primer; yaitu hasil-hasil penelitian , khususnya
yang telah dipublikasikan dalam jurnal bereputasi.
(2)Mutakhir; pada dasarnya yang terbit 10 tahun
terakhir, namun untuk bidang ilmu tertentu bahkan
bisa saja 1-5 tahun terakhir.
(3)Relevan; yang terkait langsung dengan topik
penelitian yang dilakukan.
 Penempatannya dalam Teks
Penempatan substansi pustaka yang dirujuk dalam teks
dapat berupa:
(1)pengutipan langsung; menyalin apa adanya dari
pustaka yang dirujuk.
(2)Parafrase; menyebutkan isi pustaka yang dirujuk
dengan menggunakan rangkaian kata penulis sendiri yang
berbeda dengan rangkaian kata pustaka yang dirujuk.
(3)Menyebutkan adanya penelitian yang dipublikasi
dalam pustaka yang dirujuk tersebut tanpa mengutip
langsung atau parafrase.
 TUJUAN MENGACU PUSTAKA
1. Menunjukkan garis depan perkembangan
keilmuan dalam bidang tertentu sebagai hasil
akumulasi temuan-temuan penelitian
sebelumnya.
 Penempatannya di bagian pendahuluan
 Fungsinya sebagai pijakan penelitian lanjutan
sehingga kontribusi penelitian thd pengembangan
ilmu akan terlihat
 Jika dilakukan secara mendalam akan
menghasilkan artikel tersendiri sebagai artikel
telaah
 TUJUAN MENGACU PUSTAKA
2. Menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara
hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu dalam
bidang yang sedang diteliti sehingga
menjadi sumber inspirasi dalam
merumuskan masalah penelitian.
 Berfungsi sebagai pendukung argumentasi
dalam bagian pendahuluan mengapa penelitian
dilakukan
 TUJUAN MENGACU PUSTAKA
3. Mengakui adanya penelitian terdahulu yang
serupa yang bisa digunakan sebagai bahan
pembanding.
 Berfungsi sebagai pembanding agar tampak
apakah temuan penelitian memperkuat teori
atau temuan-temuan penelitian sebelumnya
sehingga menghasilkan generalisasi secara
logis.
 Meningkatkan aspirasi temuan penelitiannya ke
tingkat yang lebih tinggi; bahkan dapat
meningkatkan yang lokal menjadi internasional
 TUJUAN MENGACU PUSTAKA
 Jika hasil penelitian berbeda dengan hasil-hasil
penelitian sebelumnya, akan berpeluang
sebagai temuan baru yang memberikan
kontribusi perkembangan ilmu secara nyata.
 Jika hasil penelitiannya sama saja dengan hasil-
hasil penelitian sebelumnya, justru akan
dipertanyakan apa gunanya penelitian masih
dilakukan.
 TUJUAN MENGACU PUSTAKA
4. Mendukung ide dan argumentasi penulis.
 Setiap paragraf sebaiknya dimulai dengan ide
pokok penulis.
 Fungsi rujukan mendukung ide pokok atau
argumentasi penulis.
 Oleh karena itu, kutipan dari sumber yang
dirujuk ditempatkan setelah ide atau
argumentasi penulis dipaparkan, bukan di awal
paragraf.
 TUJUAN MENGACU PUSTAKA
5. Memanfaatkan ide atau bahan dalam
bentuk apa saja yang masih menjadi milik
orang lain (belum menjadi pengetahuan
umum atau milik publik) untuk kepentingan
penulisan artikel hasil penelitiannya.
 Merujuk pustaka, khususnya untuk tujuan ini,
dan menyebutkan sumbernya secara memadai
sangat penting agar terhindar dari perbuatan
plagiat yang tak disengaja
Sumber: Saukah, Ali. 2013. Bahan TOT Pelatihan
Penulisan Artikel Ilmiah. BAndung
 Baca tulisan ini dan cermati
substansinya
• Rendemen minyak sereh wangi terbaik yaitu 2,09%, diperoleh
pada penyulingan bahan baku segar dengan ukuran 5 cm.
Minyak sereh wangi memiliki sifat antibakteri yang kuat
terhadap Propioni acne, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia
coli dan Bacillus cereus. Minyak sereh wangi sebagai salah
satu produk HHBK potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai
bahan baku kosmetik dan desinfektan.
• Sumber: Shintawati, S., Rina, O., & Ermaya, D. (2020). Sifat
Antimikroba dan Pengaruh Perlakuan Bahan Baku terhadap
Rendemen Minyak Sereh Wangi (Antimicrobial Properties and
Effects of Raw Material Treatments on Citronella Oil
Yield). Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 8(3), 411-419.
 Tugas
• Tulislah kalimat di atas dengan cara membuat
kalimat sendiri namun substansinya sama (tidak
berubah) atau dengan kata lain menggunakan
parafrae
• Tugas dilakukan secara berkelompok dan salah satu
anggota kelompok menhupload melalui e-learning
• Tugas dan presensi on line paling lambat jam 19.30
WIB
• Kode presensi: KHU401-93988