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    Glycolysisi

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    ninaclaudiadelrosario
    Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate. It occurs in two phases: the energy-using phase where two ATP molecules are used to convert glucose, and the energy-producing phase where glucose is further broken down to produce four ATP molecules, two NADH molecules, and two pyruvate molecules as end products. Glycolysis is thus the initial breakdown of glucose that produces energy molecules which then feed into the next steps of cellular respiration.

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    Glycolysisi

    Uploaded by

    ninaclaudiadelrosario
    17 views18 pages
    Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate. It occurs in two phases: the energy-using phase where two ATP molecules are used to convert glucose, and the energy-producing phase where glucose is further broken down to produce four ATP molecules, two NADH molecules, and two pyruvate molecules as end products. Glycolysis is thus the initial breakdown of glucose that produces energy molecules which then feed into the next steps of cellular respiration.

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    glycolysisi

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    Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate. It occurs in two phases: the energy-using phase where two ATP molecules are used to convert glucose, and the energy-producing phase where glucose is further broken down to produce four ATP molecules, two NADH molecules, and two pyruvate molecules as end products. Glycolysis is thus the initial breakdown of glucose that produces energy molecules which then feed into the next steps of cellular respiration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    17 views18 pages

    Glycolysisi

    Uploaded by

    ninaclaudiadelrosario
    Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate. It occurs in two phases: the energy-using phase where two ATP molecules are used to convert glucose, and the energy-producing phase where glucose is further broken down to produce four ATP molecules, two NADH molecules, and two pyruvate molecules as end products. Glycolysis is thus the initial breakdown of glucose that produces energy molecules which then feed into the next steps of cellular respiration.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    glycolysis

    THE FIRST STEP OF


    C E L L U L A R R E S P I R AT I O N
    WHAT IS
    GLYCOLYSIS?
    Glyco + Lysis
    Glucose Breakdown

    In simple terms, glycolysis is the metabolic pathway in which


    glucose is broken down to form two molecules of pyruvate
    (C3H4O3).

    The process takes place in the cytoplasm, more specifically,


    the cytosol of a cell, and does not require oxygen. It occurs in
    both aerobic and anaerobic organisms.
    WHAT IS A PYRUVATE?
    Sometimes called pyruvic acid, pyruvate
    (C3H4O3) is a three-carbon that is further utilized
    in pathways that produce more energy (ATP) that is
    essential in the human body. After it is produced in
    the process of glycolysis, it goes straight into the
    mitochondria to undergo the citric acid cycle which
    is the second step in cellular respiration.
    WHAT ARE THE
    IMPORTANCE OF
    GLYCOLYSIS?
    ENERGY THE FIRST STEP
    Glycolysis involves the breaking of sugar It is the first step necessary to complete cellular
    molecules to release energy (pyruvate) that is respiration; which is an important process within
    required for cellular metabolism. the human body because it allows us to convert
    sugar into energy.

    PRODUCTION
    Many molecules are produced in glycolysis, and
    these molecules have their own function within
    the cell.
    GLYCOLY
    SIS
    PATHWAY
    01 ENERGY-
    INVESTMENT 02 ENERGY-
    HARVESTING
    STEP
    In this phase, two molecules of ATP are used in order STEP
    Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DGAP) is converted
    to convert glucose into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP). The two
    (GAP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DGAP). molecules (GAP) are then converted into two
    The end result of this phase is one (GAP) molecule, pyruvate molecules. The end result of this phase is
    one (DGAP) molecule, and a net loss of two ATP four molecules of ATP, and two molecules of
    molecules nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
    hydrogen (NADH).
    ENERGY-
    USING
    01 GLUCO
    SE
    • Catalyzed by the enzyme Hexokinase.
    GLUCOSE-
    6-
    PHOSPHA
    • Energy is used from an ATP molecule, TE
    therefore turning it into an ADP.

    02 GLUCOSE-
    6-
    PHOSPHA
    FRUCTOSE-6-
    PHOSPHATE

    • TEby the enzyme Isomerase.


    Catalyzed
    03 FRUCTOSE-6-
    PHOSPHATE
    FRUCTOSE-
    1,6-
    • Catalyzed by the enzyme Phospho- BIPHOSPHAT
    Fructokinase.
    • Energy is used from an ATP molecule, E
    therefore turning it into an ADP.

    GLYCERALYDEH

    04 FRUCTOSE-
    1,6-
    BIPHOSPHAT
    YDE-3-
    PHOSPHATE
    DIHYDROXYACET
    ONE PHOSPHATE
    • CatalyzedEby the enzyme Aldolase.
    ENERGY-
    PRODUCI
    NG
    01 DIHYDROXYACET
    ONE PHOSPHATE
    GLYCERALYDEH
    YDE-3-
    PHOSPHATE
    • Catalyzed by the enzyme Isomerase.

    02
    •
    GLYCERALYDEH
    YDE-3-
    PHOSPHATE
    Catalyzed by Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate
    1,3
    BIPHOSPHATE-
    GLYCERATE
    Dehydrogenase
    • (NAD) is converted into (NADH)
    03 1-3
    BIPHOSPHATE-
    GLYCERATE
    3-
    PHOSPHOGLYCERA
    TE
    • Catalyzed by the enzyme Phosphoglycerate
    Kinase.
    • An ATP molecule is produced.

    04 3-
    PHOSPHO-
    GLYCERAT
    2-
    PHOSPHO-
    GLYCERAT
    • CatalyzedEby the enzyme Phosphoglycerate
    E
    Mutase
    05
    •
    2-
    PHOSPHO-
    CatalyzedGLYCERAT
    PHOSPHOE
    NOL
    by the enzyme EnolasePYRUVATE
    and
    MagnesiumE ion (Mg2+)

    06 PHOSPOEN
    OL
    PYRUVATE
    PYRUVATE

    • Catalyzed by the enzyme Pyruvate Kinase


    • An ATP molecule is produced.
    The second phase is done twice because there are
    two Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate (GAP) to be
    converted.

    Therefore, the second phase of the glycolysis


    pathway will give you a total of four ATP molecules,
    two molecules of NADH, and one molecule of
    pyruvate.
    PROJECT SUMMARY
    • Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration.
    • Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, an energy molecule used to
    produce higher-energy molecules.
    • There are two phases of glycolysis; the energy-using phase and the energy-producing
    phase.
    • In the energy-using phase, two ATP molecules are used to convert glucose into (GAP)
    and (DGAP)
    • In the energy-producing phase, (DGAP) is converted into (GAP) and the two molecules
    of (GAP) is utilized in order to produce pyruvate, which is the end product of
    glycolysis, along with four molecules of ATP and two molecules of (NADH).
    SUMMAR
    INPUT Y OUTPUT
    Glucose (C6H12O6) 2 Pyruvate
    2 ATP molecules molecules
    2 NAD+ molecules 2 ATP molecules (4
    total molecules
    produced subtracted
    by 2 ATP molecules
    used)
    2 NADH molecules
    THANK
    YOU!
    ILLUSTRATIONS

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