Earthquake Epicenters Using Triangulation Method

Earthquake
CASIGURAN
CALAO NATIONAL
TECHNICAL
HIGH SCHOOL
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SCIENCE 10
Epicenters Using
Triangulation
Method
Presented by:
Kariza Jean D. Malota

Subject Teacher
CALAO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE 10
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Its Parts and Functions
WAVES
CASIGURAN TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SCIENCE 10
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
SCIENCE 10
SEISMIC WAVES
An elastic
DIGESTIVE SYSTEMwave
in the earth
produced by an
earthquake or
other means.
SCIENCE 10
SEISMOGRAPHS
Seismographs are
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
instruments used to
Its Parts and
record theFunctions
motion
of the ground during
an earthquake.
SCIENCE 10
SEISMOGRAPHS
SeismographsSYSTEM
DIGESTIVE are instruments
used
Its Parts to
andrecord
Functionsthe motion of
the ground during an
earthquake.
SEISMIC WAVES
SCIENCE 10
P WAVES (PRIMARY WAVES)

These are the first waves to arrive at a
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
seismograph.
These are the fastest seismic waves and
can move through solid, liquid , and gas.
SCIENCE 10
S WAVES (SECONDARY WAVES)

S waves areSYSTEM
DIGESTIVE called secondary
waves
Its because
Parts and they always
Functions
arrive after P waves at seismic
recording station.
SCIENCE 10
SURFACE WAVES
Surface waves
DIGESTIVE
travel along the SYSTEM
Its Parts and of
surface Functions
the
planet like ripples
on water.
SCIENCE 10
How many
seismic stations
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM are there in
Its Parts and Functions the
Philippines?
SCIENCE 10
DOST-PHIVOLCS
operates and
DIGESTIVE
maintains SYSTEM
a
network
Its Parts andof 104
Functions
seismic stations
spread across
the Philippines.
SCIENCE 10
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
SCIENCE 10
FAULT
A fault is a
DIGESTIVE
fracture or
SYSTEM
zone of
fractures between
two blocks of rock.
SCIENCE 10
FOCUS / HYPOCENTER
The point
DIGESTIVE
underground
SYSTEM
where
an earthquake
originates
SCIENCE 10
EPICENTER
-The point on the
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
surface above the focus.
-The place where the
earthquake occurs on
the earth’s surface.
SCIENCE 10
ACTIVITY 3:
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
FIND
Its THE
Parts and CENTER
Functions
SCIENCE 10
COMPUTE FOR LAG TIME OR

TIME DIFFERENCE
DIGESTIVE
Using the SYSTEM
earthquake chart
Its Parts and
below, Functions
record the p-wave and S-
wave. Compute for the lag time
by subtracting S-wave and P-
wave.
SCIENCE 10
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
CASIGURAN
CALAO NATIONAL
TECHNICAL
HIGH SCHOOL
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SCIENCE 10
TRIANGULATION METHOD
Triangulation is a method
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
that uses distance
information determined
from 3 seismic stations to
uniquely locate the
epicenter of earthquake.
CASIGURAN
CALAO NATIONAL
TECHNICAL
HIGH SCHOOL
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SCIENCE 10
STEPS IN LOCATING THE EPICENTER OF THE

EARTHQUAKE USING TRIANGULATION METHOD
DIGESTIVE
1. Obtain data
seismological
from SYSTEM
three
stations.
different
2. Determine the difference in the arrival time of S
and P waves recorded from each of the
seismological stations.
SCIENCE 10

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
3. Determine the distance of the epicenter
from
Its the and
Parts station.
Functions
SCIENCE 10
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Its Partsdand
where: Functions
= distance (km)
Td = time difference in the arrival
time of P-wave and S-wave
SCIENCE 10

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
3. Determine the distance of the epicenter
from
Its the and
Parts station.
Functions
4. Use the triangulation method to
locate the center.
CASIGURAN
CALAO NATIONAL
TECHNICAL
HIGH SCHOOL
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SCIENCE 10
What is the use of

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
seismograph?
CASIGURAN
CALAO NATIONAL
TECHNICAL
HIGH SCHOOL
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SCIENCE 10
SEISMOGRAPHS
Seismographs are
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
instruments used to
Its Parts and
record theFunctions
motion
of the ground during
an earthquake.
SEISMIC WAVES
CASIGURAN
CALAO NATIONAL
TECHNICAL
HIGH SCHOOL
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SCIENCE 10
What is the importance of

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
knowing the P-wave and S-
wave in relation to
earthquake?
CASIGURAN
CALAO NATIONAL
TECHNICAL
HIGH SCHOOL
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SCIENCE 10
We can determine the

time difference in the
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
arrival time of P-wave
Itsand
Parts andsoFunctions
S-wave that we can
locate the origin/epicenter
of the earthquake.
CASIGURAN
CALAO NATIONAL
TECHNICAL
HIGH SCHOOL
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SCIENCE 10
Why is it necessary to
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
locate the epicenter of the
earthquake?
CASIGURAN
CALAO NATIONAL
TECHNICAL
HIGH SCHOOL
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SCIENCE 10
Locating earthquake
DIGESTIVE
epicenters SYSTEM
will
pinpoint which fault
lines are active.
CASIGURAN
CALAO NATIONAL
TECHNICAL
HIGH SCHOOL
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SCIENCE 10
What happens when there

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
are active faults near your
place?
SCIENCE 10
Active faulting is considered to

be a geologic hazard and related
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Itsto
Partsearthquakes
and Functions as a cause.
Effects of movement on an
active fault include:
CASIGURAN
CALAO NATIONAL
TECHNICAL
HIGH SCHOOL
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SCIENCE 10
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Strong
Its Parts and Functions ground motion
CASIGURAN
CALAO NATIONAL
TECHNICAL
HIGH SCHOOL
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SCIENCE 10
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Its Parts and Functions Landslides
CASIGURAN
CALAO NATIONAL
TECHNICAL
HIGH SCHOOL
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SCIENCE 10
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Its Parts and Functions Rockfalls
CASIGURAN
CALAO NATIONAL
TECHNICAL
HIGH SCHOOL
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
SCIENCE 10
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Its Parts and Functions Tsunamis
SCIENCE 10
1. You were asked to locate the epicenter of a recent earthquake.
Which correct sequence of events should you follow?
i. Determine the difference in the arrival time of S and P waves

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
recorded from each of the seismological stations.
Its Parts
ii. Use and Functions
the triangulation method to locate the center.
iii. Obtain data from the three different seismological stations.
iv. Determine the distance of the epicenter from the station.
A. i, iii, ii, iv B. iii, i, iv, ii C. iii, iv, i, ii D. iv, ii, i, iii

SCIENCE 10
2. You were provided with data showing the arrival time
of the P and S waves recorded from three seismic stations.
Which of these can you possibly determine?
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
A. the damage at the focus
B. the distance to the earthquake
C. the intensity of the earthquake
D. the location of the epicenter

SCIENCE 10
3. From the seismogram, the distance to the epicenter can

be determined by measuring _____________.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
A. the arrival time of surface wave
Its Parts
B. the and inFunctions
difference the arrival times of the P and S waves.
C. the ratio of the amplitude of the largest P and S waves.
D. the speed of the surface wave.

SCIENCE 10
4. It is an elastic wave in the earth

produced by an earthquake or other
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
means.
a. Microwaves c. Seismic Waves
b. Radiowaves d. All of the above
SCIENCE 10
5. Locating an earthquake’s epicenter is

important because it will pinpoint________.
DIGESTIVE
A. Active fault line SYSTEM
C. plate boundary
B. focus D.another epicenter
SCIENCE 10
_______6. These are cracks in the

Earth’s crust along which there is a
DIGESTIVE
movement.
SYSTEM
_______7. The point underground
where an earthquake originates.
SCIENCE 10
_______8. These are waves that always

arrive after P waves at seismic recording
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
station.
_______9. The point on the surface above
the focus and place where the earthquake
occurs on the earth’s surface
SCIENCE 10
10. _____________ is a method that

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
uses distance information determined
from 3 seismic stations to uniquely locate
the epicenter of earthquake.
SCIENCE 10
10. _____________ is a method that

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
uses distance information determined
from 3 seismic stations to uniquely locate
the epicenter of earthquake.
SCIENCE 10
1.Why is it needed to locate the

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
epicenter of the earthquake?
2. What happens when there are
active faults near your place?
SCIENCE 10
What happens when there

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
are active faults near your
place?

Earthquake Epicenters Using Triangulation Method

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Earthquake

Kariza Jean D. Malota

P WAVES (PRIMARY WAVES)

S WAVES (SECONDARY WAVES)

COMPUTE FOR LAG TIME OR

STEPS IN LOCATING THE EPICENTER OF THE

STEPS IN LOCATING THE EPICENTER OF THE

STEPS IN LOCATING THE EPICENTER OF THE

What is the use of

What is the importance of

We can determine the

What happens when there

Active faulting is considered to

i. Determine the difference in the arrival time of S and P waves

iii. Obtain data from the three different seismological stations.

iv. Determine the distance of the epicenter from the station.

A. i, iii, ii, iv B. iii, i, iv, ii C. iii, iv, i, ii D. iv, ii, i, iii

C. the intensity of the earthquake

D. the location of the epicenter

3. From the seismogram, the distance to the epicenter can

C. the ratio of the amplitude of the largest P and S waves.

D. the speed of the surface wave.

4. It is an elastic wave in the earth

5. Locating an earthquake’s epicenter is

_______6. These are cracks in the

_______8. These are waves that always

10. _____________ is a method that

10. _____________ is a method that

1.Why is it needed to locate the

What happens when there

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