Certainty and Perfect Modals

Certainty
Modal Perfect Sentence

5th Group
Grandhista S. I. P. (14)
Jingga Sekarwangi (16)
Melani Vira A. N. H. (18)
Mey Vanda P. S. (19)
CERTAINTY
 Definition
Certainty is a situation that really does not
have the doubt about something. However,
uncertainty is when nothing is ever decided or
certain.
Asking for certainty
 Are you sure ?
 Are you absolutely sure ?
 Are you certain about that?
 Do you think so ?
 Really ?
 Are you really certain about that ?
 How do you sure ?
Expression of certainty
 I’m sure about it.  I’m sure/certain about …..
 I’m very sure  I’ve no doubt about ……
 I’m certain  I’m convinced of it
 I believe so  I have no doubt about it
 I’m quite sure that he told the
truth.
 I’m positive
 I’m absolutely sure about the
 I’m absolutely sure that he
news. will come
 Of course.  I’m quite that ……
 I’m no doubt about it.  I don’t doubt that he want to
 I’m absolutely certain that he help her
told the truth.  There’s no doubt about that
 I’m sure/certain about …..  Without doubt
 I’ve no doubt about ……
Expression of uncertainty
 Sorry, I’m not sure about it.
 I’m not really sure that he told the truth.
 I’m not really sure about it.
 I’m not too sure about the news.
 I’m not sure about it (saya tidak yakin tentang itu)
 I don’t think so (aku tidak berpikir begitu)
 I’m not certainty about that (saya tidak pasti tentang hal itu)
 I doubt that (saya ragu)
 I’m not sure
 I doubt it
 O’m not certain
 don’t think so
Responses to expressions of doubt
 I think you don’t need to be worried about it.
 Everything will be fine.
 It’s all going to be okay.
 Don’t be worried too much. Next time better
 Hey, everything is gonna be alright
 That’s okay
Example of dialogue (1)
 A: Hi, L! Good morning!
 L: Hello, A! Good morning!
 A: What do you think if we decorate our class?
 L: That's good idea, make a wall magazine I think.
 A: Are you sure?
 L: Yes, certainly. Our class look nice if there is a wall magazine.
 A: Well it is possible I suppose it but I doubt it.
 L: So, what do you think?
 A: Why do not we buy flowers for our class?
 L: Oh, I do not think so. It is expensive.
 A: You are right, but we can collect money.
 L: I doubt it. I'm broke now. I do not think can get enough money.
 A: Yeah, come on. I can lend you the money if you want.
 L: Really?
 A: Of course.
 L: Thank you very much.
 A: Do not mention it.
Example 2
Marvin : Guys, yesterday I watched on the news, in China there are
two human bee.
Selena : Me too.
Brad : Are you sure about it ?
Adam : I’m not really sure about the news.
Jessy : They named Lu Kongjiang 20 years old and Wang Dalin 42
years old.
Mora : Why are they called the humans bee ?
Marvin : Because their whole body covered with hundreds of
thousands of bee.
Brad : I’m still not sure about the news.
Mily : Why don’t you try to get the truth ?
Brad : OK. I will try to get the truth.
Nesty : The drink’s coming, here you’re guys.
Adam : Thank you.
Modal Perfect Sentence
 Perfect Modal Verbs
Can May Will Shall Ought to
Could Might Would Should
 Grammar
Perfect modal verb + have + pastparticiple
Could Have / Couldn’t Have
 Could have + past participle means that something was possible in the past, or you had the ability to
do something in the past, but that you didn't do it.
a) I could have stayed up late, but I decided to go to bed early.
b) They could have won the race, but they didn't try hard enough.
c) Julie could have bought the book, but she borrowed it from the library instead.
 We also can use could have + past participle when we want to make a guess about something that
happened in the past. In this case, we don't know if what we're saying is true or not true. We're just
talking about our opinion of what maybe happened.
1. Why is John late?

 He could have got stuck in traffic.
 He could have forgotten that we were meeting today.
 He could have overslept.
 Couldn't have + past participle means that something wasn't possible in the past, even if you had
wanted to do it.
1. He couldn't have passed the exam, even if he had studied harder. It's a really, really difficult exam.
2. I couldn't have arrived any earlier. There was a terrible traffic jam
3. The boy couldn’t have done the dishes himself, because his fingers were injured.
Should Have / Shouldn’t Have
 Should have + past participle can mean something
that would have been a good idea, but that you didn't do
it
1. I should have studied harder!
2. I should have gone to bed early
 Shouldn't have + past participle means that

something wasn't a good idea, but you did it anyway.
1. I shouldn't have eaten so much cake!
2. The girl shouldn't have spun around so many times.
She fell down.
Would Have / Wouldn’t Have
 We can use would have + past participle to
talk about something you wanted to do but
didn't. This is very similar to the third
conditional, but we don't need an 'if clause'.
1. I would have gone to the party, but I was
really busy.
2. I would have called you, but I didn't know
your number.
3. She wouldn’t have met him, he was a liar.
Might have / Might not have
 We use might have + past participle and
might not have + past participle to show past
possibility
1. My grandfather might have used this camera
when he was a young man, but I'm not sure
2. Her mother might have put mustard on her
sandwich. She hopes not.
Must have / Musn’t Have
 We use must have + past participle or
musn’t have + past participle to show past
probability. This indicates that something
probably happened in the past.
1. They must have practiced a lot because
they're very good musicians.

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Certainty

Modal Perfect Sentence

1. Why is John late?

 Shouldn't have + past participle means that

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