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    Mendelian Genetics

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    amairahdee304
    This document defines key concepts in Mendelian genetics and patterns of inheritance. It discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants that established the fundamental laws of heredity - the law of segregation, the law of independent assortment, and the law of dominance. It defines terms like genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous. It also explains concepts like incomplete dominance, codominance, epistasis, and how pedigree analysis can be used to study the inheritance of traits through family trees.

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    Mendelian Genetics

    Uploaded by

    amairahdee304
    13 views24 pages
    This document defines key concepts in Mendelian genetics and patterns of inheritance. It discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants that established the fundamental laws of heredity - the law of segregation, the law of independent assortment, and the law of dominance. It defines terms like genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous. It also explains concepts like incomplete dominance, codominance, epistasis, and how pedigree analysis can be used to study the inheritance of traits through family trees.

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    Contains the mendelian genetics topics, can be really helpful and useful in cytogenetics subject

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    4.-Mendelian-Genetics

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    This document defines key concepts in Mendelian genetics and patterns of inheritance. It discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants that established the fundamental laws of heredity - the law of segregation, the law of independent assortment, and the law of dominance. It defines terms like genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous. It also explains concepts like incomplete dominance, codominance, epistasis, and how pedigree analysis can be used to study the inheritance of traits through family trees.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    13 views24 pages

    Mendelian Genetics

    Uploaded by

    amairahdee304
    This document defines key concepts in Mendelian genetics and patterns of inheritance. It discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants that established the fundamental laws of heredity - the law of segregation, the law of independent assortment, and the law of dominance. It defines terms like genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous. It also explains concepts like incomplete dominance, codominance, epistasis, and how pedigree analysis can be used to study the inheritance of traits through family trees.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    MENDELIAN

    GENETICS &
    PATTERNS OF
    INHERITANCE
    Mary Stephanie P. Chong, RMT, MD
    Definition of Terms
    Allele One of two or more versions of a gene

    First Filial Generation (F1) | Offspring of the cross of P1 individuals


    Hybrid
    Monohybrid Hybrid for only one characteristic

    Codominance Traits where both alleles of a gene pair contribute to the


    phenotype

    Autosomal The gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-


    sex chromosome

    (Sex) X-linked The gene in question is located on the sex chromosome

    Penetrance refers to the appearance in the phenotype of genotypically


    determined traits.
    Definition of Terms
    Dominant A trait that is phenotypically expressed in heterozygotes

    Recessive produced by a form of a gene whose effect can be hidden by a


    dominant gene and which can produce a noticeable effect only
    when two copies of the gene are present
    Wild-type The phenotype of the organism commonly found in nature.

    Mutant Alternatives to the wild-type


    Genotype The genetic contribution to the phenotype

    Phenotype An individual's observable traits, such as height, eye color, and


    blood type
    Homozygotes Both alleles are the same (TT)
    Heterozygotes The two alleles are different (Tt)
    Gregor Mendel
    “Father of Genetics”
    tracked the segregation of parental
    genes and their appearance in the
    offspring as dominant or recessive
    traits.
    Mendel’s Rule of Heredity
    1 2 3
    Law of Law of Law of
    Independent
    Segregation Dominance
    Assortment
    The Punnett Square
    a table in which all the possible outcomes
    for a genetic cross between two
    individuals with known genotypes are
    given.

    All possible genotypes for the haploid female


    gametes are listed across the top, one genotype at
    the head of each column; and down the left side
    of the square, all the possible genotypes for the
    haploid male gametes are listed, one per row
    Law of
    Segregation
    A gamete receives only one
    allele from the pair of alleles an
    organism possesses;
    fertilization (the union of two
    gametes) reestablishes the
    double number.
    Progeny Testing
    Testcross
    Law of
    Independent
    Assortment
    alleles for one gene can
    segregate independently of
    alleles for other genes.
    Law of Dominance
    recessive traits are always dominated or
    masked by the dominant trait.
    The trait which is expressed in the phenotype
    is called the dominant trait while the one that
    is not is called the recessive trait.
    Incomplete
    Dominance
    phenotype of the heterozygote
    falls between those of the two
    homozygotes.

    Offspring appear in a
    ratio of 1 : 2 : 1
    Codominance
    occurs when the heterozygous phenotype is not
    on a scale somewhere between the two
    homozygotes, but actually expresses both
    phenotypes simultaneously
    people with blood type AB are heterozygotes
    who express both the A and B alleles for
    blood type
    Epistasis
    Interaction of nonallelic genes in the
    formation of the phenotype.

    This is a process analogous to


    dominance among alleles of one gene.

    Mechanism -
    The dominant alleles from the two genes
    control the two steps in the process.
    Recessive alleles are ineffective.
    Pedigree
    Analysis
    a genetic representation of a family
    tree that diagrams the inheritance of a
    trait or disease though several
    generations

    The pedigree shows the relationships


    between family members and indicates
    which individuals express or silently carry
    the trait in question
    Family Tree | Genogram
    Rules of Dominance:
    Dominant Inheritance
    Occurs in every generations
    Every affected individual has an
    affected parent
    No skip generation

    Trait occurs about equally in


    both sexes
    Rules of Dominance:
    Recessive Inheritance
    Not found in all generations

    Affected patients have unaffected parent

    Consanguineous | Incestuous
    Thank you for your kind attention!

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