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    Lectr-08 - Image Segmentationpart-1

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    arbabz2001
    Image segmentation involves partitioning an image into meaningful regions based on measurements like intensity, texture or color. The goals are to understand the image and extract useful information. Segmentation can be based on discontinuities at edges/lines where intensity abruptly changes, or similarities within regions. Popular monochrome segmentation methods include detecting points, lines and edges using masks to find intensity differences, and region-based techniques like thresholding and region growing. Edge detection locates where brightness sharply changes by looking at pixel neighborhoods and calculating gradients and derivatives.

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    Lectr-08 - Image Segmentationpart-1

    Uploaded by

    arbabz2001
    11 views42 pages
    Image segmentation involves partitioning an image into meaningful regions based on measurements like intensity, texture or color. The goals are to understand the image and extract useful information. Segmentation can be based on discontinuities at edges/lines where intensity abruptly changes, or similarities within regions. Popular monochrome segmentation methods include detecting points, lines and edges using masks to find intensity differences, and region-based techniques like thresholding and region growing. Edge detection locates where brightness sharply changes by looking at pixel neighborhoods and calculating gradients and derivatives.

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    This is about How image is segmented in image processing

    Original Title

    Lectr-08_Image segmentationPart-1

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    Image segmentation involves partitioning an image into meaningful regions based on measurements like intensity, texture or color. The goals are to understand the image and extract useful information. Segmentation can be based on discontinuities at edges/lines where intensity abruptly changes, or similarities within regions. Popular monochrome segmentation methods include detecting points, lines and edges using masks to find intensity differences, and region-based techniques like thresholding and region growing. Edge detection locates where brightness sharply changes by looking at pixel neighborhoods and calculating gradients and derivatives.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    11 views42 pages

    Lectr-08 - Image Segmentationpart-1

    Uploaded by

    arbabz2001
    Image segmentation involves partitioning an image into meaningful regions based on measurements like intensity, texture or color. The goals are to understand the image and extract useful information. Segmentation can be based on discontinuities at edges/lines where intensity abruptly changes, or similarities within regions. Popular monochrome segmentation methods include detecting points, lines and edges using masks to find intensity differences, and region-based techniques like thresholding and region growing. Edge detection locates where brightness sharply changes by looking at pixel neighborhoods and calculating gradients and derivatives.

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    You are on page 1of 42

    Image

    segmentation
    Dr. Muhammad Hanif
    Classification vs
    segmentation
    •• Segmentation means to divide up the image into a patchwork of
    regions, each of which is “homogeneous”, that is, the “same” in some
    sense
    • – Intensity, texture, colour, …
    • • Classification means to assign to each point in the image a class,
    where the classes are agreed in advance – Grey matter (GM), White
    matter (WM), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), air, … in the case of the brain
    • • Note that the problems are inter-linked: a classifier implicitly
    segments an image, and a segmentation implies a classification
    Image
    segmentation
    • The purpose of image segmentation is to partition an image into
    meaningful regions with respect to a particular application.
    • The segmentation is based on measurements taken from the image
    and might be grey level, colour, texture, depth or motion.
    • Usually image segmentation is an initial and vital step in a series of
    processes aimed at overall image understanding
    Image
    segmenation
     Let R represent the entire spatial region occupied by an image.
     Image segmentation is a process that partitions R into n sub-
    regions, R1, R2, …, Rn, such that

    [ Where S is a similarity criteria ]


    Image
    segmentation
    Image
    segmentation
    Image
    segmentation
    Applications:
    Image
    segmentation
    Image
    •
    segmentation
    Methodologies:
    Image
    segmentation
     Segmentation algorithms for monochrome images generally are based
    on one of two basic properties of gray-scale values:
     Discontinuity
    The approach is to partition an image based on abrupt changes in gray-
    scale levels.
    The principal areas of interest within this category are detection of isolated
    points, lines, and edges in an image.

     Similarity
    The principal approaches in this category are based on thresholding, region
    growing, and region splitting/merging.
    Monochrome image
    segmentation
    • Detection of discontinuities:

     There are three basic types of gray-level discontinuities:


    points , lines , edges
     The common way is to run a mask through the image
     The detection is based on convoluting the image with a
    spatial mask.
    Point
    detection
     A point has been detected at the location p(i,j) on which
    the mask is centered if |R |>T, where T is a nonnegative
    threshold, and R is obtained with the following mask

     The idea is that the gray level of an isolated point will be


    quite different from the gray level of its neighbors
    Point
    detection
    Line
    detection

    Note: the preferred direction


    of each mask is weighted with
    a larger coefficient (i.e.,2) than
    other possible directions.
    Line
    detection
     If we are interested in detecting all lines in an image in the
    direction defined by a given mask, we simply run the mask through
    the image and threshold the absolute value of the result.
     The points that are left are the strongest responses, which, for
    lines one pixel thick, correspond closest to the direction defined by
    the mask
    Edge
    detection
    • It locates sharp changes in the intensity function.
    • • Edges are pixels where brightness changes abruptly.
    • Edges found by looking at neighboring pixels.
    • • A change of the image function can be described by a gradient that
    points in the direction of the largest growth of the image function.
    • • An edge is a property attached to an individual pixel and is
    calculated from the image function behavior in a neighborhood of
    the pixel.
    • • Magnitude of the first derivative detects the presence of the
    edge.
    • • Sign of the second derivative determines whether the edge pixel
    lies on the dark sign or light side.
    Edge
    Detection
    Edge
    detection
    Edge
    detection
    Edge
    detection
    Edge
    detection
    Using image
    gradient
    Using image
    gradient
    Derivatives and
    noise
    Derivatives and
    noise
    Edge detection using 2nd
    derivative
    Edge detection using 2nd
    derivative
    1st vs 2nd derivative
    1st vs 2nd derivative
    Edge
    detection

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