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Unpaid work in

argentina

Velez-nuñez-casal
On average, in Argentina 83.8% of people carry out unpaid
work, that is, "productive activities of households for their
own members", such as cleaning the home, and caring for
and feeding all members. for which they receive no
payment. According to the INDEC 2021 National Time Use
Survey - whose final results were released this week -, on
average these people dedicate 5:18 hours a day to these
activities, which also include support for other homes, for
the community or volunteer work.
It is important to note that this average hides some
differences in the number of people who do this type of work
and the number of hours they dedicate to it. 92% of women
do unpaid work, compared to 75% of men.
Not only are more women carrying out these tasks, but the
time they dedicate to them is also greater: 6 and a half hours
compared to 3:40 hours. Men's.
Within the concept of unpaid work is caring for children,
people with disabilities and the elderly. 31% of women carry
out this type of work without financial compensation and
dedicate more than 6 hours to it. For their part, 20% of men
care and, among those who do, they dedicate 3:30 hours of
For their part, 90% of women do unpaid domestic work,
and they dedicate 4 hours per day to it; while 69% of
men do it, and spend 2:38 hours a day on it. Activities
included in domestic work include preparing and serving
food; and clean the house in which the people consulted
live.
While 64% of women take care of feeding tasks, only 25%
of men do so. For their part, while 77% of women take
care of home hygiene daily, only 45% of men allocate
time to this.
The impact of the unpaid work
This time dedicated to very necessary but unpaid tasks influences
women's ability to carry out other activities, such as studying,
having an occupation or hobbies.
“The distribution of care gives men advantages. If there is someon
in his house doing more domestic and care work, the man has the
availability, for example, to be more present in the company, more
available to take on new risks and also more time for leisure," he
explained in this note. the economist Lucía Cirmi Obón, currently
undersecretary of Equality Policies in the Ministry of Women,
Gender and Diversity of the Natio
For her part, Natalia Gherardi, executive director of the Latin American
Justice and Gender Team (ELA), added: “When women who are inserted
in the labor market have children, they experience very concrete
tensions in the use of their time, Ways that men don't do. They begin to
divide their day between paid work and a greater demand for unpaid
work. But, in addition, women assume much more of the mental burden
of care management than men. Beyond the direct care that they
guarantee, they also manage the care that they delegate to other people
and that often overlaps with the work responsibilities they already
have.”
Furthermore, these unpaid activities contribute great value to the
economy in general, something that has not traditionally been recorded
In Argentina, the National Directorate of Economy,
Equality and Gender, which depends on the Ministry of
Economy of the Nation, estimated that the contribution
of unpaid domestic and care work to the Gross
Domestic Product is 15.9%, when sectors such as
Industry and Commerce are responsible for 15.7% and
15.5%, respectively.
Differences acording to age and education level
The official report published in recent days also analyzes the
unpaid work carried out by different age groups. In this regard,
it can be observed that the number of hours dedicated to
domestic work goes from less to more as age increases, for
both women and men.
Meanwhile, in relation to care work, for women, the periods
of greatest dedication to this activity are between the ages of
14 and 19 (6.22 hours) and from the age of 65 (6:38 hours). In
the case of men, they dedicate 3:50 hours between the ages
of 14 and 19, and this occupation decreases slightly as they
age
The study also analyzes the “educational climate” of the
household, an indicator that measures the average number of
years of education achieved among household members who are
18 years old or older.
In this regard, the report points out that “women's participation
[in unpaid work] tends to decrease with a higher educational
climate in the home, while that of their male peers varies in the
opposite direction: those with a low educational climate have a
participation rate in unpaid activities of 72.3%, while those in
homes with a high educational climate reach 82.9%.”
“When analyzed by number of hours, the burden of women
decreases with a higher educational climate in the home,
while the dedication of men remains constant, with the
exception of those who make up homes with a very high
educational climate. In this way, the greatest gap in
participation in this type of tasks is recorded in homes with a
low climate, where women work 3:34 hours more than their
male counterparts,” concluded INDEC.

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