Anglais Diapo

Advantages and disavantages of paracetamol
treatment
GROUP 11
MEMBER TEACHER
AGBEVA T. JULIANO
FANGBEMI KOMLA K.
MENSAH JENNIFER
PLAN
I. INTRODUCTION
I.1DEFINITION
I.2. USE OF PARACETAMOL
II. DEVELOPMENT
II.1. PHARMACEUTICAL FORMS AND MODES OF ADMINISTRATION
II.2. PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS
II.3. SIDE EFFECTS
II.4. PRECAUTIONS FOR USE
II.4.1. SELF-MEDICATION
II.4.2. ADVICE
III. CONCLUSION
I. INTRODUCTION (1)
I.1. DEFINITION
PARACETAMOL (PANADOL, CALPOL, ALVEDON) IS AN ANALGESIC AND
ANTIPYRETIC DRUG THAT IS USED TO TEMPORARILY RELIEVE MILD-TO-
MODERATE PAIN AND FEVER. IT IS COMMONLY INCLUDED AS AN INGREDIENT IN
COLD AND FLU MEDICATIONS AND IS ALSO USED ON ITS OWN.
I. INTRODUCTION (2)
PARACETAMOL IS AVAILABLE OVER-THE-COUNTER (OTC) AND

ALSO AS A PRESCRIPTION MEDICATION. IT IS USED FOR THE
RELIEF OF:
HEADACHE
TENSION HEADACHE
MIGRAINE
BACKACHE
RHEUMATIC AND MUSCLE PAIN
MILD ARTHRITIS/OSTEOARTHRITIS
I. INTRODUCTION (3)
TOOTHACHE
PERIOD PAIN (DYSMENORRHEA)
COLDS AND FLU SYMPTOMS
SORE THROAT
SINUS PAIN
POST-OPERATIVE PAIN
FEVER (PYREXIA)
II. DEVELOPMENT
II.1. PHARMACEUTICAL FORMS AND MODES OF ADMINISTRATION
HOW SHOULD I TAKE PARACETAMOL ?
PARACETAMOL MAY BE TAKEN EVERY 4 TO 6 HOURS. LEAVE AT LEAST 4 HOURS

BETWEEN DOSES.
DO NOT TAKE MORE THAN FOUR DOSES IN 24 HOURS.

PARACETAMOL 500MG TABLETS AND
CAPSULES
Paracetamol 500 mg tablets and capsules dosing- Adults and
children 10 years of age and older
How much How often (in 24 hrs)
Age
10 to 15 years 1 Tablet Up to 4 times
Adults and children 16 1 to 2 Tablets Up to 4 times
years and over

PARACETAMOL 120 MG/5 ML, 250 MG/5 ML ORAL
SUSPENSION
Paracetamol 250 mg/5 ml oral suspension dosing - Adults and children 6 years of age and older
Age How much How often (in 24 hours)
6 to 8 years 5 ml Up to 4 times
8 to 10 years 7.5 ml (5 ml + 2.5 ml) Up to 4 times
10 to 12 years 10 ml (5 ml + 5 ml) Up to 4 times
12 to 16 years 10 to 15 ml Up to 4 times
Adults and children over 16 years 10 to 20 ml Up to 4 times

Paracetamol 120 mg/5 ml oral suspension dosing - Children from 3 months to 6 years
Age How much How often (in 24 hours)
2-3 months 2.5ml* Up to 2 doses
3-6 months 2.5 ml Up to 4 times
6-24 months 5 ml Up to 4 times
2-4 years 7.5 ml (5 ml + 2.5 ml) Up to 4 times
4-6 years 10 ml (5 ml + 5 ml) Up to 4 times

PARACETAMOL 60 MG, 125 MG AND 250 MG SUPPOSITORIES
Paracetamol suppository dosing - Children from 3 months to 12 years
Age How much# How often (in 24 hours)
Infants under 3 months 1 x 60 mg Suppository Once*
3 months to 1 year 1 to 2 x 60 mg Up to 4 times

Suppositories
1 to 5 years 1 to 2 x 125 mg Up to 4 times
Suppositories
6 to 12 years 1 to 2 x 250 mg Up to 4 times
Suppositories
PARACETAMOL 650 MG ORAL POWDER
CHECK THE SACHET IS NOT BROKEN BEFORE USE

EMPTY THE CONTENT OF 1 SACHET INTO A GLASS. FILL WITH FRESHLY BOILED
WATER AND STIR UNDER DISSOLVED
ALLOW THE SOLUTION TO COOL AND THEN DRINK IT
ADULTS AND CHILDREN AGED 12 YEARS AND OVER CAN TAKE 1 SACHET EVERY
4 HOURS IF REQUIRED. DO NOT TAKE MORE THAN 4 SACHETS IN 24 HOURS.
DO NOT GIVE TO CHILDREN UNDER 12 YEARS OF AGE.
PARACETAMOL 250 MG ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLETS
Paracetamol 250 mg orally disintegrating tablets - Adults and children 6 years of age and
older
Age How much How often (in 24 hrs)
6 to 9 years 1 Tablet Up to 4 times
9 to 12 years 2 Tablets Up to 4 times
12 to 16 years 2 to 3 Tablets Up to 4 times
Adults and children over 16 2 to 4 Tablets Up to 4 times

years
PARACETAMOL 500 MG EFFERVESCENTS TABLETS
Paracetamol 500 mg effervescent tablets - children 12 years and over and adults
Age How much How often (in 24 hrs)
12* to 15 years 1 Tablet Up to 4 times

(41 to 50 kg)
16 to 18 years Same as adults

(50 kg+)
Adults 1 to 2 Tablets Up to 4 times#
PARACETAMOL 10 MG/ML SOLUTION FOR INFUSION
THIS FORM OF PARACETAMOL COMES IN VIALS AND IS ADMINISTERED VIA

INTRAVENOUS (IV) INFUSION - AN INJECTION IN YOUR ARM - OVER 15 MINUTES.
THE DOSE YOU NEED WILL DEPEND ON YOUR AGE AND WEIGHT AND HOW
WELL YOUR KIDNEYS WORK. YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER WILL WORK OUT
THE DOSE YOU NEED.
II.2. PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS
THE PARACETAMOL IS USED AS AN ANALGESIC AND ANTIPYRETIC.
FROM THE GREEK PURETOS WHICH MEANS FEVER, ANTIPYRETICS ARE DRUGS
CAPABLE OF OPPOSING THE RISE IN BODY TEMPERATURE. THAT IS, FEVER. THEIR
PURPOSE IS TO REGULATE THE TEMPERATURE AND THUS, TO AVOID NEUROLOGICAL
COMPLICATIONS OR DEHYDRATION...
AN ANALGESIC IS A MEDICINE THAT REDUCES OR ELIMINATES PAIN WITHOUT
TREATING THE CAUSE. THE PAIN IS BASED ON EACH PERSON'S FEELINGS. IT IS AN ALERT
SIGNAL SENT FROM AN AREA OF THE BODY THAT IS UNDER ATTACK (CUTS, BURNS, ETC.)
OR DYSFUNCTION (INFLAMMATION FOR EXAMPLE).
IT IS NOT CLEAR EXACTLY HOW PARACETAMOL WORKS. HOWEVER, IT IS THOUGHT
TO WORK BY BLOCKING CHEMICAL MESSENGERS IN THE BRAIN THAT LET US KNOW
WHEN WE'RE IN PAIN AND BY AFFECTING THE CHEMICAL MESSENGERS THAT
REGULATE OUR BODY TEMPERATURE. THE EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT PARACETAMOL
INHIBITS THE PRODUCTION OF PROSTAGLANDINS, WHICH ARE MADE BY THE BODY TO
DEAL WITH ILLNESS AND INJURY. IT'S ALSO THOUGHT TO ACT ON THE SEROTONERGIC,
OPIOID, NITRIC OXIDE AND CANNABINOID PATHWAYS.
II.3. SIDE EFFECTS
SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS OF PARACETAMOL INCLUDE :

ALLERGIC REACTIONS, WHICH MAY BE SEVERE AND INCLUDE :
 SKIN RASHES, ITCHING OR HIVES
 SWELLING OF THE THROAT, TONGUE OR FACE
 SHORTNESS OF BREATH OR WHEEZING
 SKIN RASH OR PEELING, OR MOUTH ULCERS
 BREATHING PROBLEMS. THIS IS MORE LIKELY IF YOU HAVE EXPERIENCED THEM BEFORE
WHEN TAKING OTHER PAINKILLERS SUCH AS IBUPROFEN AND ASPIRIN
 UNEXPLAINED BRUISING OR BLEEDING OR BECOMING UNUSUALLY TIRED. GETTING MORE
INFECTIONS THAN USUAL.
 LIVER PROBLEMS. NAUSEA, SUDDEN WEIGHT LOSS, LOSS OF APPETITE AND YELLOWING OF THE
EYES AND SKIN CAN OCCUR
IF YOU GET ANY OF THE RARE SIDE EFFECTS LISTED ABOVE, STOP TAKING THE MEDICINE AND
CONTACT YOUR DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY.
II.4. PRECAUTIONS FOR USE (1)
II.4.1. SELF-MEDICATION
SELF-MEDICATION WITH ANALGESICS SHOULD ONLY CONCERN VERY BRIEF PAIN WHOSE CAUSE IS
IDENTIFIED. SUCH AS A HEADACHE, A SUPERFICIAL WOUND, A SUNBURN OR A SLIGHT BURN ETC...
THE DANGERS OF SELF-MEDICATION ARE MANY:
 A RISK OF THE DRUG NOT BEING EFFECTIVE OR OF WORSENING SYMPTOMS IF A DRUG IS TAKEN
INAPPROPRIATELY
 A RISK OF DRUG INTERACTION, IF YOU ARE ALREADY TAKING OTHER DRUGS THAT MAY POTENTIATE
OR REDUCE THEIR EFFECTS.
 DOSAGE ERROR
 A LACK OF KNOWLEDGE OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE DRUG AND A RISK OF TOXICITY
 A RISK OF SEEING A DRUG BECOME INEFFECTIVE OR EVEN TOXIC IF THE STORAGE CONDITIONS ARE
NOT RESPECTED AT HOME OR IF IT HAS EXPIRED.
 A RISK OF ALLERGY IF YOU HAVE A HISTORY OF ALLERGIES OR ARE ALREADY TAKING MEDICATION
 SELF-MEDICATION CAN REDUCE SYMPTOMS, CAUSING A DELAY IN DIAGNOSIS.
 FALSIFY THE INTERPRETATION OF BIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS
 SELF-MEDICATING WITH INAPPROPRIATE TREATMENTS CAN LEAD TO OTHER ILLNESSES.
 SELF-MEDICATION WITHOUT MEDICAL ADVICE IS NOT WITHOUT RISK AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED
WITH CAUTION. ALWAYS CONTACT A HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL QUICKLY IF SYMPTOMS PERSIST
IN ORDER TO MAKE AN ACCURATE DIAGNOSIS.
II.4.2. ADVICE
TELL YOUR DOCTOR OR PHARMACIST ABOUT ALL THE MEDICINES YOU TAKE, INCLUDING
PRESCRIPTION AND OTC MEDICINES, VITAMINS, AND HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS BEFORE TAKING
THIS MEDICATION. ESPECIALLY TELL YOUR DOCTOR IF YOU TAKE:
 BLOOD THINNING MEDICATIONS (ANTICOAGULANTS) SUCH AS WARFARIN AND YOU NEED TO
TAKE A PAIN RELIEVER DAILY. OCCASIONAL DOSES OF PARACETAMOL CAN BE TAKEN WITH
ANTICOAGULANTS
 MEDICATIONS TO HELP RELIEVE NAUSEA (METOCLOPRAMIDE OR DOMPERIDONE)
 MEDICATIONS TO TREAT HIGH CHOLESTEROL (CHOLESTYRAMINE)
 MEDICATIONS TO TREAT EPILEPSY (LAMOTRIGINE)
 MEDICATIONS TO TREAT TUBERCULOSIS (ISONIAZIDE)
 MEDICATION TO TREAT FEVER OR MILD PAIN (ASPIRIN, SALICYLAMIDE)
 BARBITURATE AND TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS TO TREAT DEPRESSION (AMITRIPTYLINE)
 A MEDICATION TO TREAT GOUT CALLED PROBENECID
 A MEDICATION USED TO TREAT BACTERIAL INFECTIONS CALLED CHLORAMPHENICOL
 A MEDICATION USED IN HIV INFECTIONS AND AIDS CALLED ZIDOVUDINE
 FLUCLOXACILLIN (ANTIBIOTIC), DUE TO A SERIOUS RISK OF BLOOD AND FLUID
ABNORMALITY (HIGH ANION GAP METABOLIC ACIDOSIS) THAT MUST HAVE URGENT
TREATMENT, AND WHICH MAY OCCUR PARTICULARLY IN CASE OF SEVERE RENAL
IMPAIRMENT, SEPSIS (WHEN BACTERIA AND THEIR TOXINS CIRCULATE IN THE BLOOD
LEADING TO ORGAN DAMAGE), MALNUTRITION, CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM, AND IF THE
MAXIMUM DAILY DOSES OF PARACETAMOL ARE USED.
 PARACETAMOL MAY AFFECT THE RESULTS OF LABORATORY TESTS FOR URIC ACID AND
BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS.
 PARACETAMOL CAN BE TAKEN WITH ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, BUT IT MAY NOT WORK AS
WELL TO LOWER YOUR PAIN OR FEVER.
III. CONCLUSION
PARACETAMOL HAS NO DOUBT ANTIPYRETIC & ANALGESIC EFFECTS.
ITS PREPARATION AND RESEARCH HAVE DETERMINED MORE NEW
USES IN A RANDOMIZED AND PROSPECTIVE CONTROLLED STUDY. THE

MECHANISM OF ACTION OF THE
PARACETAMOL FOR THE PRODUCTION IS DONE BY BASICALLY OF

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Advantages and disavantages of paracetamol

PARACETAMOL IS AVAILABLE OVER-THE-COUNTER (OTC) AND

II.1. PHARMACEUTICAL FORMS AND MODES OF ADMINISTRATION

HOW SHOULD I TAKE PARACETAMOL ?

PARACETAMOL MAY BE TAKEN EVERY 4 TO 6 HOURS. LEAVE AT LEAST 4 HOURS

DO NOT TAKE MORE THAN FOUR DOSES IN 24 HOURS.

10 to 15 years 1 Tablet Up to 4 times

Adults and children 16 1 to 2 Tablets Up to 4 times

years and over

Age How much How often (in 24 hours)

8 to 10 years 7.5 ml (5 ml + 2.5 ml) Up to 4 times

10 to 12 years 10 ml (5 ml + 5 ml) Up to 4 times

Adults and children over 16 years 10 to 20 ml Up to 4 times

Age How much How often (in 24 hours)

2-3 months 2.5ml* Up to 2 doses

3-6 months 2.5 ml Up to 4 times

6-24 months 5 ml Up to 4 times

2-4 years 7.5 ml (5 ml + 2.5 ml) Up to 4 times

4-6 years 10 ml (5 ml + 5 ml) Up to 4 times

Age How much# How often (in 24 hours)

Infants under 3 months 1 x 60 mg Suppository Once*

3 months to 1 year 1 to 2 x 60 mg Up to 4 times

CHECK THE SACHET IS NOT BROKEN BEFORE USE

6 to 9 years 1 Tablet Up to 4 times

9 to 12 years 2 Tablets Up to 4 times

12 to 16 years 2 to 3 Tablets Up to 4 times

Adults and children over 16 2 to 4 Tablets Up to 4 times

Age How much How often (in 24 hrs)

12* to 15 years 1 Tablet Up to 4 times

16 to 18 years Same as adults

THIS FORM OF PARACETAMOL COMES IN VIALS AND IS ADMINISTERED VIA

SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS OF PARACETAMOL INCLUDE :

PARACETAMOL HAS NO DOUBT ANTIPYRETIC & ANALGESIC EFFECTS.

ITS PREPARATION AND RESEARCH HAVE DETERMINED MORE NEW

USES IN A RANDOMIZED AND PROSPECTIVE CONTROLLED STUDY. THE

PARACETAMOL FOR THE PRODUCTION IS DONE BY BASICALLY OF

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