HMT Lec No.01

WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE
HEAT TRANSFER AND MASS FLOW
Prepared By:
Engr. Junaid Khan
Mechanical Engineering Department
WEC, University of Wah
Date: 16-10-2023
(MT-331) HEAT TRANSFER & MASS
FLOW
Book:
Heat Transfer & Mass Flow: A Practical Approach
By: Y A CengelA
PLO Covered:
PLO-1: Engineering Technology Knowledge
PLO-2: Problem Analysis
Credit Hours: 3
HEAT TRANSFER:
 Heat is a form of energy.
 Heat travels from higher temperature(hotter) region to lower

temperature(cooler) region.
 Two bodies are in thermal equilibrium when there is no net transfer of thermal
energy.
HEAT TRANSFER:
Heat transfer is a science which deals with the transfer of energy
that take place between material bodies or from one region to

another region as a result of temperature difference or temperature
gradient.
Heat will always be transferred from a body at higher temperature to
a body at lower temperature.

Introduction
Heat & Mass Transfer
Heat Transfer
 Human Comfort
A human body is
continuously rejecting
heat to surrounding.
Human comfort is directly related to rate of heat

rejection (Heat Transfer rate). We adjust this rate by
our clothing to the environmental condition.
Introduction
Heat Transfer
 Daily Life Examples
 Heating & Air-Conditioning System

 Refrigerator, Iron
 Computer
 Energy Efficient Home
 Car Radiators
 Solar Collectors
(Min. Heat loss in winter and

gain in summer)
Introduction

Why we need a detailed study of
Heat Transfer ?
 Heat Transfer indicates how long process will take.
A designer of thermos
normally interested in
that how long coffee will
sustain its temperature
Engineering Heat Transfer

Applications
Rating : Determination of HT rate for an

existing system at a specific
1. Heat Exchangers
temperature difference
2. Boilers
3. Condensers
4. Radiators Sizing : Determination of size of a

system in order to transfer heat as
5. Heaters a specified rate for a specific
Introduction
Heat Transfer
UNITS
 Thermal Energy (Q) = 1 joule
 Heat Transfer rate (q-dot) = 1 joule/sec = 1 watt
 Heat Flux (q/A) = 1 watt/m2

Introduction
Heat Transfer
UNITS
Calorie :
Calorie is a unit of Heat Energy. Like Joule
1 Cal = 4.1868 Joule
1 Cal = Amount of heat required

raise the temperature of one gram
of water at 14.5 C by 1 C
WHAT IS DIFFERENCE B/W
THERMODYNAMICS
AND HEAT TRANSFER?
Thermodynamics :
Deals with the amount of heat transfer as a system undergoes from one state to
other equilibrium state. It preclude the temperature gradient
Thermodynamics helps to determine the quantity of work and heat interaction
from one equilibrium state to other. It does not provide information about
temperature distribution
What is difference b/w Thermodynamics
and Heat transfer?
Pipe flow Current flow
Pressure Voltage
Difference Difference
 Heat Transfer :
1. Heat can transferred from one system to other due to the
2. It is science which predict the heat energy transfer between

material bodies as a result of temperature difference.
THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM
 Body A is at a higher temperature than body B.
 When bodies A and B are in contact, A loses thermal energy at a rate
higher than the rate at which it absorbs thermal energy from B.

THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM
 This causes a temperature drop in body A and an increase in
temperature in body B.
 Finally, the two bodies A and B have the same temperature.
They are in thermal equilibrium.

THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM
 Heat always travels from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature
THERMAL INEQUILIBRIUM
1. If two bodies are in thermal inequilibrium, it means their temperature

are not the same.
2. When they are placed in contact, the thermal transfer occurs.

MASS TRANSFER:
Mass is transferred from high concentration of a components to lower

concentration of the same component.
Mass is only transferred when there will be a concentration difference

between two components. And it is also a natural law e.g; flow of
water.
MASS TRANSFER:
 Motion of mass which results in changes in composition and is caused by
the variations in concentrations of the various constituents is called ‘Mass

Transfer’.
 This process is also known as diffusion.
 Examples:
1. Humidification of air in cooling tower.

2. Evaporation of petrol in carburettor.
3. Diffusion of smoke in chimney.
4. Boiling of water in air.
TYPE OF HEAT TRANSFER WITH RESPECT TO TIME:
1. Steady state heat transfer
2. Un-Steady state heat transfer
3. Transient state heat transfer

MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER
Heat transfer is basically the transmission of energy from one region to
another region as a result of temperature gradient.
Heat is transferred in three different ways;
1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation
CONDUCTION
 It is the transferred of heat from one part of a substance to another
part of a substance in physical contact with it with out any visible

motion of the heated particles.
 Heat can be transferred from one substance to another substance.

CONDUCTION
 In conduction heat is transferred due by lattice vibration.
 Faster moving molecules or atoms in heated part of the body or
substance transfer heat by impact to adjacent atom or molecule or by

the transfer of free electrons.
CONDUCTION
Conduction in solids
CONDUCTION
Conduction is the process by which heat is transmitted through

a medium from one particle to another

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WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE

HEAT TRANSFER AND MASS FLOW

Heat Transfer & Mass Flow: A Practical Approach

 Heat travels from higher temperature(hotter) region to lower

Heat transfer is a science which deals with the transfer of energy

that take place between material bodies or from one region to

Heat will always be transferred from a body at higher temperature to

a body at lower temperature.

Heat & Mass Transfer

Human comfort is directly related to rate of heat

Heat & Mass Transfer

 Heating & Air-Conditioning System

(Min. Heat loss in winter and

Heat & Mass Transfer

 Heat Transfer indicates how long process will take.

Engineering Heat Transfer

Rating : Determination of HT rate for an

4. Radiators Sizing : Determination of size of a

 Thermal Energy (Q) = 1 joule

 Heat Transfer rate (q-dot) = 1 joule/sec = 1 watt

 Heat Flux (q/A) = 1 watt/m2

Calorie is a unit of Heat Energy. Like Joule

1 Cal = 4.1868 Joule

1 Cal = Amount of heat required

Pipe flow Current flow

2. It is science which predict the heat energy transfer between

 Body A is at a higher temperature than body B.

 When bodies A and B are in contact, A loses thermal energy at a rate

higher than the rate at which it absorbs thermal energy from B.

 This causes a temperature drop in body A and an increase in

 Finally, the two bodies A and B have the same temperature.

They are in thermal equilibrium.

 Heat always travels from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower

1. If two bodies are in thermal inequilibrium, it means their temperature

2. When they are placed in contact, the thermal transfer occurs.

Mass is transferred from high concentration of a components to lower

Mass is only transferred when there will be a concentration difference

the variations in concentrations of the various constituents is called ‘Mass

1. Humidification of air in cooling tower.

1. Steady state heat transfer

2. Un-Steady state heat transfer

3. Transient state heat transfer

Heat transfer is basically the transmission of energy from one region to

another region as a result of temperature gradient.

Heat is transferred in three different ways;

 It is the transferred of heat from one part of a substance to another

part of a substance in physical contact with it with out any visible

 Heat can be transferred from one substance to another substance.

 Faster moving molecules or atoms in heated part of the body or

substance transfer heat by impact to adjacent atom or molecule or by

Conduction is the process by which heat is transmitted through

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