Kinematics

Kinesis (Greek: motion)

How do you study motion?

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Kinematics
: time (second: )
: displacement (meter: )
: velocity (meter per second: )

: acceleration (meter per second squared: )

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Kinematic Equations

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Kinematic Equations

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Kinematics: Variable Acceleration
By Integration:
By Differentiation: Velocity:
Velocity:

Acceleration: Displacement:

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Example 1
A physics teacher walks 4 meters East, 2 meters South, 4 meters
West, and finally 2 meters North in 6 seconds. Determine the
teacher’s a) total distance traveled b) displacement made c) average
speed and d) average velocity

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Example 2
The diagram below shows the position of a cross-country skier at
various times. At each of the indicated times, the skier turns around
and reverses the direction of travel. In other words, the skier moves
from A to B to C to D. Determine the skier’s a) resulting displacement
b) distance traveled c) average speed d) average velocity during these
three (3) minutes.

40 m 100 m 40 m
A B
t = 0 min C D t = 1 min
t = 2 min t = 3 min

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 40 m 100 m 40 m
A B
t = 0 min C D t = 1 min
t = 2 min t = 3 min

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Example 3
The position of a particle which moves along a straight line is defined
by the relation (ft), where t is expressed in seconds. Determine the:
a) Time in which the velocity will be zero
b) Position of the particle at that time
c) Distance traveled by the particle from t = 0 to time t at zero velocity
d) Acceleration of the particle at that time
e) Particle’s maximum velocity

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Example 4
A subway train starts from rest at a station and accelerates at a rate of
1.6 for 14 s. it runs at constant speed for 70 s and slows down at a rate
of 3.5 until it stops at the next station. Find the total distance covered.

Station A 1 2 Station B

𝑚
𝑎=− 3.5 2
𝑠

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Station A 1 2 Station B

𝑚
𝑎=− 3.5 2
𝑠

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Example 5
The acceleration of a motorcycle is given by where A = 1.5 and B =
0.12 . The motorcycle is at rest at the origin at time t = 0. Find:
a) Position and velocity as a function of time
b) Maximum velocity it attains
c) Maximum position it attains

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Vertical Motion and Free Fall
Formula:
a = g = 9.8 m/s 2

g
For Vertical Motion:

Free Fall: ( = 0)

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NOT Free Fall Free Fall

𝑣 0 =0

𝑣0 ≠ 0

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Example 7
A ball is thrown upward with an initial velocity of 16 .
a) What will its maximum height be?
b) When will it return to the ground?
c) Where will it be in 0.8 s?
d) At what time will the ball be 40 m above the ground?

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Example 8
You are on the roof of the physics building 46 m above the ground. Your
physics professor, who is 1.80 m tall is walking along side the building at
a constant speed of 1.2 . If you wish to drop an egg on his head, where
should the professor be when you release the egg? Assume that the
egg is in free fall.

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Example 9
A ball is thrown vertically upward from the top of a tower 20 m high
with a velocity of 12 . Determine the:
a) Velocity v and elevation y of the ball above the ground at any time t.
b) of the ball and the corresponding value of t.
c) Time when the ball hit the ground and its corresponding velocity.

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 Projectile Motion

ax = 0
linear motion

ay = g = 9.8 m/s2
free fall motion

Projectile Motion

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Projectile Motion

X - Component Y - Component
VOX = VO cosθ VOY = VO sinθ

x = VOX t VY = VOY - gt

y = yO + VOY t - ½ gt2

VY2 = VOY2 - 2g(y - yO)

Range
2
𝑣 𝑜 sin 2 𝜃
𝑅=
X - Component Y - Component 𝑔
VOX = VO cosθ VOY = VO sinθ

x = VOX t VY = VOY - gt

y = yO + VOY t - ½ gt2

VY2 = VOY2 - 2g(y - yO)

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Example 10
A ball is thrown at 20 at an angle of 65above the horizontal. The ball
leaves the thrower’s hand at a height of 1.8 m.
a) At what height will it strike a wall 10 m away?
b) What is the ball’s velocity as it hits the wall?

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Example 11
A tennis ball rolls off the edge of the table 0.8 m above the floor and
strikes the floor at a point 1.5 m horizontally from the edge of the table.
Neglect air resistance. Find the:
a) Time of flight
b) Magnitude at the initial velocity
c) Magnitude and direction of the velocity of the ball before it strikes
the floor

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Example 12
A projectile is fired from a gun and has initial horizontal and vertical
components of the velocity equal to 30 and 40 respectively.
a) What is the final speed of the projectile?
b) How long does it take the projectile to reach the highest point?
c) What is the speed of the projectile at the highest point in its
trajectory?
d) What is the range of the projectile?

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