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    Yoga Mat

    Uploaded by

    Ananth
    Yoga mats are commonly made from materials like EVA, PVC, TPE, and NBR/PVC. PVC yoga mats are widely used due to being durable and maintaining their shape well. However, PVC yoga mats often contain toxic phthalates and flame retardants that can off-gas from the mat over time and be harmful if inhaled or absorbed through the skin. More eco-friendly mat materials like TPE are becoming increasingly popular as yoga practitioners seek non-toxic options. Mechanical testing ensures yoga mats meet standards for properties like tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and slip resistance.

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    Yoga Mat

    Uploaded by

    Ananth
    106 views13 pages
    Yoga mats are commonly made from materials like EVA, PVC, TPE, and NBR/PVC. PVC yoga mats are widely used due to being durable and maintaining their shape well. However, PVC yoga mats often contain toxic phthalates and flame retardants that can off-gas from the mat over time and be harmful if inhaled or absorbed through the skin. More eco-friendly mat materials like TPE are becoming increasingly popular as yoga practitioners seek non-toxic options. Mechanical testing ensures yoga mats meet standards for properties like tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and slip resistance.

    Original Description:

    Manufacture of leather yoga mat replacing conventional synthetic mats which are harmful to health

    Original Title

    Yoga mat

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    Yoga mats are commonly made from materials like EVA, PVC, TPE, and NBR/PVC. PVC yoga mats are widely used due to being durable and maintaining their shape well. However, PVC yoga mats often contain toxic phthalates and flame retardants that can off-gas from the mat over time and be harmful if inhaled or absorbed through the skin. More eco-friendly mat materials like TPE are becoming increasingly popular as yoga practitioners seek non-toxic options. Mechanical testing ensures yoga mats meet standards for properties like tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and slip resistance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    106 views13 pages

    Yoga Mat

    Uploaded by

    Ananth
    Yoga mats are commonly made from materials like EVA, PVC, TPE, and NBR/PVC. PVC yoga mats are widely used due to being durable and maintaining their shape well. However, PVC yoga mats often contain toxic phthalates and flame retardants that can off-gas from the mat over time and be harmful if inhaled or absorbed through the skin. More eco-friendly mat materials like TPE are becoming increasingly popular as yoga practitioners seek non-toxic options. Mechanical testing ensures yoga mats meet standards for properties like tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and slip resistance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    EVOLUTION OF YOGA MAT

    Why is yoga being practiced?


    + Relieve stress
    + Get flexible
    + Sculpt muscles
    + Prevent workout injuries
    + Set goals
    + To increase self concentration

    What is the need to use leather?

    Synthetic Leather
    + Artificial material + Natural material
    + odor is more + Less odor
    + Durability is less + Durability is more
    + No air permeability + Posses air permeability
    + less flexible + Flexible
    MATS

    • Generally mats are used for safety in gymnastics and in training new skills.
    • They are usually a piece of foam covered by leather which normally ranges
    from 1.5 to 28 inches thick covered in a vinyl or plastic lining. The foam ranges
    in density from relatively firm to very soft.

    POLYETHYLENE FOAM:
    • Cross linked polyethylene foam is a very solid and sturdy foam, when being
    used in a folding panel gym mat.
    • Mats with this type of foam would be considered for professional use in
    sporting events.

    POLYURETHANE FOAM:
    • The foam is firm but not as firm as the cross linked polyethylene foam.
    • Because of the lack of firmness mats made with this type of foam generally

    use specifically 2” thick 100 ILD open cells.


    COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES

    • Thermogavimetric analyses: It is used to determine the thermal stability and


    thermal degradation of various composition of elements in the sample.

    • FTIR Spectroscopy analyses: It is mainly done to determine the functional groups


    present in the sample.

    • SEM Analysis: The sample is silver coated and examined through SEM to study
    the morphological characteristics of the surface of the sample

    • These properties can be determined by the above methods and is compared with
    leather.
    • The required mechanical properties for both synthetic and leather sample should be
    determined.
    PROPERTIES OF PVC

    1. SUSPENSION PVC PROPERTIES(COMMERCIAL GRADES):


    Abrasion Resistance, Transparency and Rapid Absorption of Plasticizers.
    2. TYPICAL PRODUCTS: Automotive components, Blood bags, Wires and cables.
    • MASS PVC PROPERTIES: Matt finish, High plasticizer absorption.
    • TYPICAL PRODUCTS: Bottles, Floor coverings.
     EMULSION PVC PROPERTIES: Fast expansion, Good Embossing
    characteristics, low odor.
     TYPICAL PRODUCTS: Adhesive tape, Curtains, Foams, Toys.
     ABSORPTIVE RESIN PVC: Rapid and extensive plasticizers absorption.
     PRODUCT: Flexible tubing and Wires.
    PVC APPLICATIONS

     Guide Formulations for Transparent Flexibles:


    I. 100 phr – Pvc [k=70 to 71].
    II. 40 to 60 phr – phthalate plasticizer.
    III. 0.0 to 5.0 phr – epoxidized soybean oil.
    IV. 1.0 to 3.0 phr – stabilizer based on calcium-magnesium-aluminium-zinc.

     Guide Formulations for Spread Coating of CV Floor Ceilings:


    I. 70 to 100 phr – paste PVC[k=65 to 70].
    II. 0 to 30 phr – extender Pvc[=65 to 70].
    III. 0 to 20 phr – chalk.
    IV. 40 to 60 phr – phthlate plasticizers.
    V. 2.0to 2.5 phr – barium-zinc stabilizer.
    DETECTION OF PHTHALATES

     Most of the commercially available yoga mats have been manufactured with PVC,
    because it’s inexpensive.
     It offers great Gripping properties to mats.
     During manufacture, toxic chemicals including phthalates which are considered to
    be “Endocrine Disruptors” to make them soft and pliable.
     In order to make PVC flexible some amount of plasticized materials have to be
    added, if plasticizers are added then it is known as p-pvc and if not then it is
    Unplasticized PVC.
     As endocrine disruptors they mimic the body’s hormones.
     We are exposed to these chemicals on our mats by breathing the slow off-gassing,
    the evaporation of these chemicals and by simple body contact.
     As soon as the phthalates enter into the body it breakdown into metabolites and
    released in the form of urine.
    RESULTS OF EXPOSURE

     UNITED STATES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that PVC
    causes damage to the liver, central nervous and respiratory systems, and
    reproductive system.
     Obesity
     Worsening allergy
     Asthma symptoms
     Increase potential for heart disease, breast cancer.
     Developmental issues such as Inattention and Hyperactivity.
    IF YOU’RE TRYING TO GET PREGNANT OR ALREADY ARE KNOW
    PHTHALATES HAVE BEEN LINKED TO : Reduced fertility in women, Reduced
    sperm counts in male, Malformations of male reproductive tract and testicular
    cancer, presence in the placenta and have been found in the breast milk.
    FLAME RETARDANTS
     These are a class of chemicals that are commonly used in sofa’s, yoga mats, car
    seats and other types of polyurethane foam to make them less flammable.
     OPFR’S Which stands for Organo Phospate Flame Retardants, which is used as an
    alternative for brominated flame retardants(halogen) namely PBDE(Polybrominated
    Diphenyl Ethers)

    YOGA MATS

    • Yoga mats are specially fabricated mats used as an aid during the practice of Hatha
    Yoga to prevent hands and feet slipping during asana practice. They are also
    commonly known as non-slip mats, non-skid mats or sticky mat.
    • There are some material, from which factories make yoga mat:
    • -EVA
    • -PVC
    • -TPE
    • -NBR/PVC
    • EVA yoga mat is the most light one. EVA yoga mat is the best choice for the one
    who always travel and practice yoga during their journey. But EVA yoga mat is
    easy to change its shape and hard to get over.

    • PVC yoga mat is another choice since EVA mat is too light and too soft to use.
    PVC foam mat is more heavy than EVA and has a good ability to keep the original
    shape. So PVC yoga mat is most widely used in yoga studios and homes.

    • TPE yoga mat is made from some kind of rubber and eco-friendly material. TPE
    yoga mat is a composite mat, in the middle of which is a tyre of fabric to keep the
    mat in the original shape and tow layer of foam rubber – on top and bottom.

    • NBR is a kind of nature rubber, NBR yoga mat is often mentioned as foam
    NBR/PVC, i.e. mixed from NBR and PVC, one is rubber, one is plastic. NBR mat
    is soft, durable and good at support as it if from nature rubber. But it is normally
    thicker than 8mm, so NBR yoga mat is indeed exercise mat, instead of yoga mat.
    ANTI-SKID
    An anti-skid exercise mat includes a foam member having a
    predetermined thickness, a fabric layer located on at least one side of the foam
    member, and at least one soft plastic material disposed on a predetermined area of a
    surface of the fabric layer and at least penetrating into the fabric layer for a
    predetermined depth for scarf joint and adhesive connection with fibers of the fabric
    layer. Accordingly, the anti-skid exercise mat has preferable anti-skid and perspiration-
    absorptive functions during the whole course of exercising.

    An anti-skid exercise mat comprising:


    Foam member having a predetermined thickness; fabric layer
    mounted to at least one side of said foam member; and at least one soft plastic material
    disposed on a predetermined area of a surface of said fabric layer and at least
    penetrating into the fabric layer for a predetermined depth for scarf joint and adhesive
    connection with fibers of the fabric layer.
    CONVENTIONAL MECHANICAL TESTING BASED ON
    ARTICLE(YOGA MAT)

    • Tensile strength - 15 n/mm

    • Abrasion Resistance - Dry 51,200 cycles


    Wet 26,800 cycles
    (Should not go beyond the moderate value)

    • Elongation Break - 40-80

    • Flex Endurance - Dry 2,50,000


    Wet 20,000

    • Water vapour Permiability – 0.8mg/cm2/hr

    • Slip Resistance – Dry 0.3


    wet 0.3
    • Stitch Tear Strength – 50N/mm

    • Tear Strength – 50N (min)

    • Color Fastness – Dry rate 150rubs (load 1kg approx)


    Wet rate 150rubs (load 1kg approx)
    Sweat Resistance 50cycles

    • Adhesion to Finish – Dry 3N/cm


    Wet 3N/cm

    • To achieve Wash ability

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