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    ES10 Module 4

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    Paulo M. Dela Cruz
    There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where plates collide, and transform boundaries where plates slide past one another. Convergent boundaries can result in mountain formation, deep ocean trenches, and volcanoes, depending on whether the colliding plates are two continents, a continent and oceanic crust, or two oceanic plates. Divergent boundaries result in sea floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges or rifting and volcanism at continental boundaries. Transform boundaries cause earthquakes as the plates slide past one another.

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    ES10 Module 4

    Uploaded by

    Paulo M. Dela Cruz
    21 views36 pages
    There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where plates collide, and transform boundaries where plates slide past one another. Convergent boundaries can result in mountain formation, deep ocean trenches, and volcanoes, depending on whether the colliding plates are two continents, a continent and oceanic crust, or two oceanic plates. Divergent boundaries result in sea floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges or rifting and volcanism at continental boundaries. Transform boundaries cause earthquakes as the plates slide past one another.

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    There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where plates collide, and transform boundaries where plates slide past one another. Convergent boundaries can result in mountain formation, deep ocean trenches, and volcanoes, depending on whether the colliding plates are two continents, a continent and oceanic crust, or two oceanic plates. Divergent boundaries result in sea floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges or rifting and volcanism at continental boundaries. Transform boundaries cause earthquakes as the plates slide past one another.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    21 views36 pages

    ES10 Module 4

    Uploaded by

    Paulo M. Dela Cruz
    There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries where plates move apart, convergent boundaries where plates collide, and transform boundaries where plates slide past one another. Convergent boundaries can result in mountain formation, deep ocean trenches, and volcanoes, depending on whether the colliding plates are two continents, a continent and oceanic crust, or two oceanic plates. Divergent boundaries result in sea floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges or rifting and volcanism at continental boundaries. Transform boundaries cause earthquakes as the plates slide past one another.

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    of 36

    TYPES OF PLATE

    BOUNDARIES
    Science- Grade 10 Quarter 1 Module 4
    1. What type of boundary results in the formation of
    mountains?
    2. What type of boundary results in the formation of deep
    ocean trenches and volcanoes?
    3. What type of boundary results in the formation of the
    mid ocean and sea floor spreading?
    4. What type of boundary results in the formation of a
    fault line and earthquakes?
    Which plates move towards, away and slip from each other?
    Guide Questions:
    1. How do the boundaries differ from one
    another?
    2. How would the surroundings be
    affected by these movements?
    3. What type of plate boundaries does
    each figure represent?
    Tectonic plate – broken segments of the Earth’s
    lithosphere

    Plate tectonics is a scientific theory that


    explains how major landforms are created as a
    result of Earth’s subterranean movements.

    Plate boundaries- narrow zones between plates


    where plate-tectonic forces are most visible.
    Three types of plate boundary
    • Divergent

    • Convergent

    • Transform
    Convergent Boundaries
    • Plates colliding together
    • May form mountains, trenches, and/or
    volcanoes
    •There are three styles of convergent
    plate boundaries
    • Continent-continent collision
    • Continent-oceanic crust collision
    • Ocean-ocean collision
    Continent-Continent Collision
    • Forms mountains, e.g. European Alps,
    Himalayas
    Continent-Oceanic Crust Collision

    • Called SUBDUCTION
    • Forms volcanoes and deep
    ocean trenches
    • Oceanic lithosphere subducts
    Subduction underneath the continental lithosphere
    • Oceanic lithosphere heats and melts
    forming magma
    • The magma rises forming volcanoes
    • E.g. The Andes
    Ocean-Ocean Plate Collision
    • When two oceanic plates collide, one runs over the other which
    causes it to sink into the mantle forming a subduction zone.
    • The subducting plate is bent downward to form a very deep
    depression in the ocean floor called a deep ocean trench.
    • The worlds deepest parts of the ocean are found along trenches.
    • E.g. The Mariana Trench is 11 km deep!
    • Volcanoes are also formed resulting in the
    formation of islands.
    Divergent Boundaries
    • Plates spreading apart (“Rifting”)
    • As plates move apart new material is erupted to
    fill the gap
    • (2 ocean plates) Results in sea floor spreading
    and forms the mid ocean ridge.
    • (2 continental plates) Results in volcanoes
    Sea-Floor Spreading
    • Where two ocean plates are diverging (moving
    apart), molten magma erupts, forming underwater
    mountains under the ocean called the mid-
    ocean ridge.
    • As the oceans plates move further and further
    apart, new ocean floor is continuously added.
    This is called sea-floor spreading.
    Age of Oceanic Crust
    Red = youngest crust

    Courtesy of
    www.ngdc.noaa.gov
    Transform Boundaries
    • Where plates slide past each other
    • Earthquakes frequently occur

    Above: View of the San Andreas transform fault


    Real World
    Examples
    Iceland: An example of continental rifting
    • Iceland has a
    divergent plate
    boundary running
    through its middle=
    many volcanoes
    Himalayas: continent-continent
    convergent boundary
    Volcanoes and Plate
    Tectonics…

    …what’s the connection?


    Pacific Ring of Fire

    Volcanoes form
    all along the
    ocean-ocean
    convergent plate
    boundaries
    (subduction
    zones).
    Ocean-Continent Convergence

    The Andes
    Mountains/
    volcanoes
    Transform Plate Boundary

    The San Andreas Fault


    California, USA
    Volcanoes are formed by:
    Earthquakes and Plate
    Tectonics…

    …what’s the connection?


    • As with volcanoes, earthquakes are not randomly distributed over the globe

    Figure showing
    the distribution of
    earthquakes
    around the globe

    • At the boundaries between plates, friction causes them to stick together. When built
    up energy causes them to break, earthquakes occur.
    Pacific Ring of Fire

    Hotspot
    volcanoes
    What are Hotspot Volcanoes?
    • Hot mantle plumes breaching the surface in
    the middle of a tectonic plate

    The Hawaiian island chain are


    examples of hotspot volcanoes.
    Photo: Tom Pfeiffer / www.volcanodiscovery.com
    The
    tectonic
    plate
    moves over
    a fixed
    hotspot
    forming a
    chain of
    volcanoes.

    The volcanoes get younger from one end to the other.


    Where do earthquakes form?

    Figure showing the tectonic setting of earthquakes

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