Types of Plate

Boundaries

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 OPENING PRAYER
Oh God Almighty, behold us Your
loving children, offering You
today our works and studies.
Help us Dear Lord to be obedient
to our teachers, to be kind to our
classmates and to be diligent in
our studies. May You always
grant us the courage to follow
Your way. Amen.
 Objectives
At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:
1. Identify the different types of plate boundaries
2. Differentiate the occurring events along plate boundaries that
dictates the type of geologic feature formed along it.
Most Essential Learning
Competency 2 (MELC 2)

Describe the different

types of plate boundaries.
Objectives
Recall: Plate Tectonics
 Recall: Plate Tectonics
7 Major Tectonic Plates Did you know?
Recall: Plate Tectonics
Plates are gradually
moving
 Recall: Plate Tectonics
As plates move, majority of the formation of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions
and mountain ranges are happening along plate boundaries.
 Recall: Plate Tectonics
These geologic features served as bases in marking the plate boundaries.
 Theory of
Continental Drift
The Theory of Plate
Tectonics starts with
another idea…
Continental Drift. The
Earth once had a single
land mass called Pangaea
that broke apart into
pieces that drifted away to
become the major
continents of today. Pangaea
Theory of Plate Tectonics
What does the theory of plate tectonics
suggest about Earth's surface?

Suggested answer:
It states that Earth's surface is divided into
large pieces of rock called plates that move
with respect to each other.
 Tectonic
plates
✓Are composed of the
lithosphere
✓Move as a coherent mass
✓May contain oceanic crust and
continental crust
 Theory of Plate Tectonics
• Theory that states that Earth’s surface
is made of rigid slabs of rock, or
plates, that move with respect to each
other, or in relation to each other.
• This new theory suggested that
Earth’s surface, the lithosphere, is
divided into large pieces of rock.
• These pieces are called plates.
• Each plate moves slowly over Earth’s
hot and semiplastic mantle.
• The word tectonic describes the forces that shape
Earth’s surface and the rock structures that form as a
result.
• Plate tectonics explains why earthquakes occur and
volcanoes erupt.
• When plates separate on the seafloor, earthquakes
result and a mid-ocean ridge forms.
• When plates come together, one plate can move under
the other. This causes earthquakes and creates a
chain of volcanoes.
• When plates slide past each other, earthquakes can
result.
 The Theory of Plate Tectonics explains the formation,
movements, collisions, and destruction of the Earth’s crust.

Areas of Sea Floor Spreading

 Explains the configuration of topographic features of the Earth-
Plate mountains, valleys, volcanoes, islands, oceanic trenches, faults
Tectonics
 Plate
Boundaries
 EARTHQUAKES
EPICENTER

PLATE
BOUNDARIES

The places on Earth where most of the earthquakes originated or some mountains
and volcanoes were formed mark the boundaries of each lithospheric plate.
So the plates move.
Now What?
As the plates move, they produce changes in Earth’s surface, including
volcanoes, earthquakes, mountain ranges, and deep-ocean trenches.
 Types of
Plate
Boundaries
Examine the Plate Tectonic Map
 Examine the Plate Tectonic Map

What do the arrows in the map indicate?

Are all the plates moving in

same direction?
What are the different types
of plate boundaries What other geologic events
could be formed by these
types of plate boundaries?
 Plate Boundaries
There are three distinct types of plate
boundaries, which are differentiated by the
type of movement they exhibit
Convergent Plate Boundaries
Convergent Plate Boundaries
 Convergent
Boundary

Subduction is the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the
mantle beneath another plate. The more dense plate will go under the less dense plate.
Convergent Boundaries

Convergent Boundaries There are three types

form when two of convergent
tectonic plates come boundaries or
towards each other. destructive boundaries.
3 types
of Convergent
Boundaries
 1. Continental vs. Continental

Convergent
Boundaries 2. Continental vs. Oceanic

3. Oceanic vs. Oceanic

2.1. Continental
– Continental
plates

When continental crust meets continental crust at a

convergent boundary, a collision occurs, resulting in
folds, faults, and high mountains.
 At 2 convergent boundaries oceanic plates will go under continental plates
2.2 Oceanic – because oceanic crust is more dense than continental crust.
Continental Mountains, volcanoes and earthquakes occur as an ocean plate subducts under a
plates continental plate. The Oceanic plate melts; less dense-magma rises to form
volcanoes. (Ex: Andes, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada)
 When oceanic and
continental plates
collide, the oceanic plate
undergoes subduction
and volcanic arcs arise
on land.
Oceanic plates are
denser than continental
plates, which means
they have a higher
subduction potential.
They are constantly
being pulled into the
mantle, where they are
melted and recycled into
The Cascade Mountains of western North America and the Andes of
western South America feature such active volcanoes. So do Italy,
new magma.
Greece, Kamchatka, and New Guinea.
 Two oceanic plates collide, one of the oceanic plates slides under the other. also called a subduction zone

2.3. Oceanic – Volcanic island arcs, trenches & earthquakes occur when older ocean plate subducts under a younger
ocean plate.
oceanic plates (Ex: Japan, Aleutian Islands-off Alaska, Philippines, Tonga Islands, Marianas Trench).
 Oceanic –
oceanic plates

At convergent plate boundaries known

as subduction zones, a trench and deep
earthquakes mark the zone where a slab
of oceanic lithosphere descends into the
mantle, and volcanoes and mountain
ranges form on adjacent land.
Oceanic – oceanic
plates

Oceanic crust is younger at an

ocean ridge (divergent
boundary) and older near a
trench (convergent boundary).
 Types of Plate Boundaries
Convergent Boundary – tectonic plates MOVE TOWARD EACH
OTHER (collision). There are three types:
When two oceanic plates
collide, the denser plate sinks
below the lighter plate and
eventually forms dark, heavy,
basaltic volcanic islands. The
western half of the Pacific
Ring of Fire is full of these
volcanic island arcs,
including the Aleutian,
Japanese Ryukyu,
Philippines, Mariana,
Solomon, and Tonga-
Kermadec.
 Continental-
continental convergent
boundaries pit large slabs
of crust against each
other. This results in very
little subduction, as most
of the rock is too light to
be carried very far down
into the dense mantle.
Instead, the continental
crust at these convergent
boundaries gets folded,
faulted, and thickened,
forming great mountain
The Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau, the result of 50 million chains of uplifted rock.
years of collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates, are the
most spectacular manifestation of this type of boundary.
 Plate Boundaries
Can you think of an example of Converging?
(Colliding or coming together)
Divergent Plate Boundaries
Divergent Plate Boundaries
Did you know? Divergent Plate Boundaries

Most active divergent

plate boundary occur
between oceanic plates
 Divergent boundary = two plates move apart
3 Types of Magma rises and creates new crust or seafloor
Boundaries
Causes: mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys, new crust , volcanoes
Divergent Boundaries
Diverging Iceland
 Plate Boundaries
Can you think of an example of diverging?
(Dividing or moving apart)
Transform Fault Plate Boundaries
Transform When two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally. Earthquakes
boundaries or
Strike-slip occur in these areas (Ex: San Andreas Fault in California).
 Transform boundaries
The San Andreas Fault in California is a transform
boundary. This is a very active boundary causes
earthquakes .

Earthquakes represent sudden breaks in crust

continuously stressed by plate movement.
Gradually over time, the same movements
result in major crustal features.
 Transform Fault Plate Boundaries
Did you know?
Transform fault boundary where plates slide or grind
PAST each other without diverging or converging (plates slide
past one another without the production or destruction of crust).
Because rocks are cut and displaced by movement in
opposite direction, rocks facing each other on two sides
of the fault are typically of different type and age. These
structures are so-called strike-slip faults.

When strike-slip movement halts due to increased

friction at some location, stresses can build up that are
released in sudden slips. These may result in some of
the most damaging earthquakes on continental crust.
The San Andreas Fault (western US), the North
Anatolian Fault (Turkey) or the Dolores-Guayaquil Mega
fault in the northern Andes are some examples of huge
strike-slip faults transecting continental crust.
Transform fault boundary where plates slide or grind
PAST each other without diverging or converging.
 Plate Boundaries
Can you think of an example of transform?
(sliding past each other)
Plate Boundaries
 Quick Action – Plate Boundaries
Ready for a song? The melody is to the
“Adam’s Family”
Converging is colliding.
Diverging is dividing,
Transform is sliding,
We are the plate boundaries.
(2X)
Dah na na na <snap, snap> 2X
(Repeat all)
Bet you can’t get that out of your head!
Can you
identify
adjacent
plates
depicting
divergent
boundary?
Let’s take
the case of
the
Philippine
plate and
the
Eurasian
plate. Can
you
identify the
type of
plate
boundary?
Learning Task 1: Study the world map and answer the following
questions. Can you guess what type of plate boundaries exist in
the following plates?
Antarctic and South American plates

Convergent plate boundary

Antarctic and Australian Plates

Divergent plate boundary

North American and Eurasian plates
North American and Pacific plates

Transform fault plate boundary

 Can you check your understanding?

Can you…

• Explain the Theory of Plate

Tectonics?
• Name the three types of plate
boundaries?
 Theory of Plate Tectonics
Theory that pieces of lithosphere move around on top of the asthenosphere
Plate
Boundaries
The edges of different pieces of The
lithosphere meet at lines called
plate boundaries
3Types of Plate
Boundaries:

•Divergent—Boundary where plates move apart

(ex: Great Rift Valley—Africa; Mid ocean
Ridges)
•Convergent—Boundary where plates come
together (ex: Himalayan mountains, Japan,
and Philippines)
•Transform—Boundary where two plates
slide along side each other (ex: San Andreas
Fault—San Francisco)
Three Types of Plate Boundaries:

•Plates rip apart at a divergent plate boundary, causing volcanic activity and shallow
earthquakes;
•At a convergent plate boundary, one plate dives (“subducts”) beneath the other,
resulting in a variety of earthquakes and a line of volcanoes on the overriding plate;
•Transform plate boundaries are where plates slide laterally past one another,
producing shallow earthquakes but little or no volcanic activity.
3 Types of
Plate
Boundaries
 Convergent boundary = when two tectonic plates push into
3 Types of one another.
Boundaries
The two types of crust
are oceanic and continental.
Oceanic crust is more
dense than continental
crust.
How do the plates move?
CONVECTION CURRENTS
Hot material from deep within the Earth rises while cooler material near the surface sinks
What will the Earth look like in the future?